Image enhancement in embedded devices for internet of things

This paper proposes a new color interpolation method which can be used in embedded devices for IoT system. In this work, we use regression approach for generating and designing filters to restore color image. The filters are designed with four sizes, 5x5 training filter, 7x7 training filter, 9x9 training filter, and 11x11 training filter. The obtained filters are tested in 25 LC dataset to assess the performance. Experimental results inform that the proposed filters provide outstanding performance when they are compared with conventional methods. As compared with the other methods, the proposed filters produce the best average interpolation performance both objectively and visually

Environmental Energy Harvesting Techniques to Power Standalone IoT-Equipped Sensor and Its Application in 5G Communication

In the recent few years, due to its significant deployment to meet global demand for smart cities, the Internet of Things (IoT) has gained a lot of attention. Environment energy harvesting devices, which use ambient energy to generate electricity, could be a viable option in near future for charging or powering stand-alone IoT sensors and electronic devices. The key advantages of such energy harvesting gadgets are that they are environmentally friendly, portable, wireless, cost-effective, and compact. It is significant to propos and fabricate an improved, high-quality, economical, and efficient energy harvesting systems to overcome power supply to tiny IoT devices at the remote locations. In this article, various types of mechanisms for harvesting renewable energies that can power sensor enabled IoT locally, as well as its associated wireless sensor networks (WSNs), are reviewed. These methods are discussed in terms of their advantages and applications, as well as their drawbacks and limitations. Furthermore, methodological performance analysis for the decade 2005 to 2020 is surveyed in order to identify the methods that delivered high output power for each device. Furthermore, the outstanding breakthrough performances of each of the aforementioned micro-power generators during this time period are emphasized. According to the research, thermoelectric modules can convert up to 2500×10^(-3) W/cm^2, thermo-photovoltaic 10.9%, piezoelectric 10,000 mW/cm^3 and microbial fuel cell 6.86 W/m^2 of energy. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-SP1-08 Full Text: PD

SafeCity: Toward Safe and Secured Data Management Design for IoT-Enabled Smart City Planning

The interaction among different Internet of Things (IoT) sensors and devices become massive and insecure over the Internet as we probe to smart cities. These heterogeneous devices produce an enormous amount of data that is vulnerable to various malicious threats. The generated data need to be processed and analyzed in a secure fashion to make smart decisions. The smart urban planning is becoming a reality through the mass information generated by the Internet of Things (IoT). This paper exhibits a novel architecture, SafeCity, that limelight the ecosystem of smart cities consists of cameras, sensors, and other real-world physical devices. SafeCity is a three-layer architecture, i.e., a data security layer, a data computational layer, and a decision-making layer. At the first layer, payload-based symmetric encryption is used to secure the data from intruders by exchanging only the authentic data among the physical devices. The second layer is used for the computation of secured data. Finally, the third layer extracts visions from data. The secured exchange of data is ensured by using Raspberry Pi boards while the computation of data is tested on trustworthy datasets, using the Hadoop platform. The assessments disclose that SafeCity presents precious insights into a secured smart city in the context of sensors based IoT environment

Improving the piezoelectric properties of flexible polymer-nanoparticle energy harvesters

In this research, one of the widely used polymers, poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF), was used to develop thin-film polymer energy harvesters. Dimethylformamide (DMF) and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) were used to dissolve the PVDF powder. Four different (0%, 3%, 5%, and 7%) ZnO nanoparticle (NP) concentrations were used to enhance the electrical output of the thin-film energy harvesters. A sonication bath and additional MEK were used in dispersing the ZnO NPs to obtained uniform PVDF/ZnO NP solution. The electrode poling technique was used for dipole alignment to improve the electrical performance of the devices. The fabricated samples were tested using the tensile testing method to investigate the mechanical properties of thin-film energy harvesters for each ZnO NP concentration. PVDF thin-film samples with 7% ZnO NPs had the lowest Young\u27s modulus at 994.21 MPa. The voltage and power output of fabricated devices were increased as a result of embedding ZnO NPs and polarization. The highest power and peak-to-peak output voltage were produced by poled PVDF thin-film energy harvester with 7% ZnO NPs. The harvested power value was 31.14 mW which was 94% higher than the unpoled pure PVDF thin-film devices; the highest peak-to-peak voltage was measured as 11.2 V which was 84% higher than that of the unpoled pure PVDF thin-film devices