Dynamic routing discovery scheme for high mobility in mobile ad hoc wireless networks

An innovative technology that is widely used in many applications is the Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET). Discovery and maintenance of routes at MANET are important issues. Within MANET, broadcasting is used to discover a path within on-demand routing protocols. Establishing and maintaining a route periodically among the nodes is the challenge that requires the transmitting of control packets across a network. This state leads to the issue of broadcasting storms. Broadcasting control packets increase control packets overhead and decrease network performance. In this paper, we proposed a scheme called AODV-Velocity and Dynamic (AODV-VD) for effective broadcast control packets. The routing protocol for the ad-hoc on-demand distance victor (AODV) is used to implement the proposed AODV-VD scheme. AODV-VD scheme reduces both the excessive route discovery control packets and network overhead. Network simulator version 2.35 (NS2.35) was used to compare the proposed AODV-VD scheme to the AODV routing protocol in terms of end-to-end latency, average throughput, packet transmission ratio and overhead ratio

AN ADAPTIVE INFORMATION DISSEMINATION MODEL FOR VANET COMMUNICATION

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have been envisioned to be useful in road safety and many commercial applications. The growing trend to provide communication among the vehicles on the road has provided the opportunities for developing a variety of applications for VANET. The unique characteristics of VANET bring about new research challenges

A Trapezoidal Fuzzy Membership Genetic Algorithm (TFMGA) for Energy and Network Lifetime Maximization under Coverage Constrained Problems in Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

Network lifetime maximization of Wireless Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks (HWSNs) is a difficult problem. Though many methods have been introduced and developed in the recent works to solve network lifetime maximization. However, in HWSNs, the energy efficiency of sensor nodes becomes also a very difficult issue. On the other hand target coverage problem have been also becoming most important and difficult problem. In this paper, new Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is introduced which solves the energy efficiency of sensor nodes in HWSN. At initially graph model is modeled to represent HWSNs with each vertex representing the assignment of a sensor nodes in a subset. At the same time, Trapezoidal Fuzzy Membership Genetic Algorithm (TFMGA) is proposed to maximize the number of Disjoint Connected Covers (DCC) and K-Coverage (KC) known as TFMGA-MDCCKC. Based on gene and chromosome information from the TFMGA, the gene seeks an optimal path on the construction graph model that maximizes the MDCCKC. In TFMGA gene thus focuses on finding one more connected covers and avoids creating subsets particularly. A local search procedure is designed to TFMGA thus increases the search efficiency. The proposed TFMGA-MDCCKC approach has been applied to a variety of HWSNs. The results show that the TFMGA-MDCCKC approach is efficient and successful in finding optimal results for maximizing the lifetime of HWSNs. Experimental results show that proposed TFMGA-MDCCKC approach performs better than Bacteria Foraging Optimization (BFO) based approach, Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) method and the performance of the TFMGA-MDCCKC approach is closer to the energy-conserving strategy

Classification of Routing Algorithms in Volatile Environment of Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

The planet earth is basically a planet of water with less than 30% land mass available for humans to live on. However, the areas covered with water are important to mankind for the various resources which have been proven to be valuable. Such resources are gas, oil, marine products which can be used as food, and other minerals. In view of the vast area in which these resources can be found, a network of sensors is necessary so that they can be explored. However, sensor networks may not be helpful in the exploration of these resources if they do not have a sufficiently good routing mechanism. Over the past few decades, several methods for routing have been suggested to address the volatile environment in underwater communications. These continue researches; have enhanced the performance along with time. Meanwhile, there are still challenges to deal with for a better and efficient routing of data packets. Large end-to-end delays, high error channel rates, limited bandwidth, and the consumption of energy in sensor network are some such challenges. A comprehensive survey of the various routing methods for the partially connected underwater communication environment are presented in this paper

Recent Developments on Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks and Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

This book presents collective works published in the recent Special Issue (SI) entitled "Recent Developments on Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks and Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks”. These works expose the readership to the latest solutions and techniques for MANETs and VANETs. They cover interesting topics such as power-aware optimization solutions for MANETs, data dissemination in VANETs, adaptive multi-hop broadcast schemes for VANETs, multi-metric routing protocols for VANETs, and incentive mechanisms to encourage the distribution of information in VANETs. The book demonstrates pioneering work in these fields, investigates novel solutions and methods, and discusses future trends in these field

Integration of unidirectional technologies into wireless back-haul architecture

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Docter of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.Back-haul infrastructures of today's wireless operators must support the triple-play services demanded by the market or regulatory bodies. To cope with increasing capacity demand, the EU FP7 project CARMEN has developed a cost-effective heterogeneous multi-radio wireless back-haul architecture, which may also leverage the native multicast capabilities of broadcast technologies such as DVB-T to off-load high-bandwidth broadcast content delivery. However, the integration of such unidirectional technologies into a packet-switched architecture requires careful considerations. The contribution of this thesis is the investigation, design and evaluation of protocols and mechanisms facilitating the integration of such unidirectional technologies into the wireless back-haul architecture so that they can be configured and utilized by the spectrum and capacity optimization modules. This integration mainly concerns the control plane and, in particular, the aspects related to resource and capability descriptions, neighborhood, link and Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) Label-Switched Path (LSP) monitoring, unicast and multicast LSP signalling as well as topology forming and maintenance. During the course of this study we have analyzed the problem space, proposed solutions to the resulting research questions and evaluated our approach. Our results show that the now Unidirectional Technology (UDT)-aware architecture can readily consider Unidirectional Technologies (UDTs) to distribute, for example, broadcast content

Intelligent spectrum management techniques for wireless cognitive radio networks

PhD ThesisThis thesis addresses many of the unique spectrum management chal- lenges in CR networks for the rst time. These challenges have a vital e ect on the network performance and are particularly di cult to solve due to the unique characteristics of CR networks. Speci cally, this thesis proposes and investigates three intelligent spectrum management tech- niques for CR networks. The issues investigated in this thesis have a fundamental impact on the establishment, functionality and security of CR networks. First, an intelligent primary receiver-aware message exchange protocol for CR ad hoc networks is proposed. It considers the problem of alleviat- ing the interference collision risk to primary user communication, explic- itly to protect primary receivers that are not detected during spectrum sensing. The proposed protocol achieves a higher measure of safeguard- ing. A practical scenario is considered where no global network topology is known and no common control channel is assumed to exist. Second, a novel CR broadcast protocol (CRBP) to reliably disseminate the broadcast messages to all or most of the possible CR nodes in the network is proposed. The CRBP formulates the broadcast problem as a bipartite-graph problem. Thus, CRBP achieves a signi cant successful delivery ratio by connecting di erent local topologies, which is a unique feature in CR ad hoc networks. Finally, a new defence strategy to defend against spectrum sensing data falsi cation attacks in CR networks is proposed. In order to identify malicious users, the proposed scheme performs multiple veri cations of sensory data with the assistance of trusted nodes.Higher Committee For Education Devel- opment in Iraq (HCED-Iraq