Analysis of On Demand and Table Driven Routing Protocol for Fire Fighter Application

In an Ad hoc communication, the nodes are randomly distributed in a region are moving arbitrarily. We propose Analysis of On demand and Table driven routing protocols for Fire Fighter Applications (AOTFF) in this paper. The performance analysis on reactive protocols viz., AODV and AOMDV as well as proactive protocol DSDV are compared with Packet Delivery Fraction (PDF) and Simulation time. The model of fire fighter is developed using routing protocol to cover maximum area by knowing the path that is already been used . It is observed that the performance of reactive protocols are better than compared to proactive protocols.

Recent advances in wireless sensor networks with environmental energy harvesting

Shu, L.; Liao, W.; Lloret, J.; Wang, L. (2016). Recent advances in wireless sensor networks with environmental energy harvesting. International Journal of Sensor Networks. 21(4):205-207. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/18736720520721

Energy-Efficient Multi-Level and Distance-Aware Clustering Mechanism for WSNs

[EN] Most sensor networks are deployed at hostile environments to sense and gather specific information. As sensor nodes have battery constraints, therefore, the research community is trying to propose energyefficient solutions for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to prolong the lifetime of the network. In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient multi-level and distance-aware clustering (EEMDC) mechanism for WSNs. In this mechanism, the area of the network is divided into three logical layers, which depends upon the hop-count-based distance from the base station. The simulation outcomes show that EEMDC is more energy efficient than other existing conventional approaches.This work has been partially supported by the 'Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion', through the 'Plan Nacional de I+D+i 2008-2011' in the 'Subprograma de Proyectos de Investigacion Fundamental', project TEC2011-27516, and by the Polytechnic University of Valencia, through the PAID-15-11 multidisciplinary projectsMehmood, A.; Khan, S.; Shams, B.; Lloret, J. (2015). Energy-Efficient Multi-Level and Distance-Aware Clustering Mechanism for WSNs. International Journal of Communication Systems. 28(5):972-989. https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.2720S972989285Sendra, S., Lloret, J., Garcia, M., & Toledo, J. F. (2011). Power Saving and Energy Optimization Techniques for Wireless Sensor Neworks (Invited Paper). Journal of Communications, 6(6). doi:10.4304/jcm.6.6.439-459Bri D Garcia M Lloret J Dini P Real deployments of wireless sensor networks Third International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications (SENSORCOMM 2009) 2009 8 23GUI, L., VAL, T., & WEI, A. (2011). A Novel Two-Class Localization Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks. Network Protocols and Algorithms, 3(3). doi:10.5296/npa.v3i3.863Rajeswari, A., & P.T, K. (2011). A Novel Energy Efficient Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks Using Spatial Correlation Based Collaborative Medium Access Control Combined with Hybrid MAC. Network Protocols and Algorithms, 3(4). doi:10.5296/npa.v3i4.1296Lloret, J., Garcia, M., Tomás, J., & Boronat, F. (2008). GBP-WAHSN: A Group-Based Protocol for Large Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks. Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 23(3), 461-480. doi:10.1007/s11390-008-9147-6Lloret, J., Garcia, M., Bri, D., & Diaz, J. (2009). A Cluster-Based Architecture to Structure the Topology of Parallel Wireless Sensor Networks. Sensors, 9(12), 10513-10544. doi:10.3390/s91210513LEHSAINI, M., GUYENNET, H., & FEHAM, M. (2010). Cluster-based Energy-efficient k-Coverage for Wireless Sensor Networks. Network Protocols and Algorithms, 2(2). doi:10.5296/npa.v2i2.325Liu, G., Xu, B., & Chen, H. (2011). Decentralized estimation over noisy channels in cluster-based wireless sensor networks. International Journal of Communication Systems, 25(10), 1313-1329. doi:10.1002/dac.1308Cheng, L., Chen, C., Ma, J., & Shu, L. (2011). Contention-based geographic forwarding in asynchronous duty-cycled wireless sensor networks. International Journal of Communication Systems, 25(12), 1585-1602. doi:10.1002/dac.1325Wang, X., & Qian, H. (2011). Hierarchical and low-power IPv6 address configuration for wireless sensor networks. International Journal of Communication Systems, 25(12), 1513-1529. doi:10.1002/dac.1318Zhang, D., Yang, Z., Raychoudhury, V., Chen, Z., & Lloret, J. (2013). An Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol Using Movement Trends in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks. The Computer Journal, 56(8), 938-946. doi:10.1093/comjnl/bxt028Chen, J.-S., Hong, Z.-W., Wang, N.-C., & Jhuang, S.-H. (2010). Efficient Cluster Head Selection Methods for Wireless Sensor Networks. Journal of Networks, 5(8). doi:10.4304/jnw.5.8.964-970Peiravi, A., Mashhadi, H. R., & Hamed Javadi, S. (2011). An optimal energy-efficient clustering method in wireless sensor networks using multi-objective genetic algorithm. International Journal of Communication Systems, 26(1), 114-126. doi:10.1002/dac.1336Zeynali, M., Mollanejad, A., & Khanli, L. M. (2011). Novel hierarchical routing protocol in wireless sensor network. Procedia Computer Science, 3, 292-300. doi:10.1016/j.procs.2010.12.050Heinzelman W Chandrakasan A Balakrishnan H Energy-efficient communication protocol for wireless microsensor networks 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) 2000 3005 3014Wang, A., Yang, D., & Sun, D. (2012). A clustering algorithm based on energy information and cluster heads expectation for wireless sensor networks. Computers & Electrical Engineering, 38(3), 662-671. doi:10.1016/j.compeleceng.2011.11.017Gou H Yoo Y An energy balancing LEACH algorithm for wireless sensor networks Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations (ITNG) 2010Ding, P., Holliday, J., & Celik, A. (2005). Distributed Energy-Efficient Hierarchical Clustering for Wireless Sensor Networks. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 322-339. doi:10.1007/11502593_25Bandyopadhyay S Coyle E An energy-efficient hierarchical clustering algorithm for wireless sensor networks The 32nd IEEE International Conference on Computer Communication (INFOCOM 2003) 2003Jarry, A., Leone, P., Nikoletseas, S., & Rolim, J. (2011). Optimal data gathering paths and energy-balance mechanisms in wireless networks. Ad Hoc Networks, 9(6), 1036-1048. doi:10.1016/j.adhoc.2010.11.003Zhu, Y., Wu, W., Pan, J., & Tang, Y. (2010). An energy-efficient data gathering algorithm to prolong lifetime of wireless sensor networks. Computer Communications, 33(5), 639-647. doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2009.11.008Khamfroush H Saadat R Khademzadeh A Khamfroush K Lifetime increase for wireless sensor networks using cluster-based routing International Association of Computer Science and Information Technology-Spring Conference (IACSIT-SC 2009) 2009Li, H., Liu, Y., Chen, W., Jia, W., Li, B., & Xiong, J. (2013). COCA: Constructing optimal clustering architecture to maximize sensor network lifetime. Computer Communications, 36(3), 256-268. doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2012.10.006Aslam N Phillips W Robertson W Sivakumar S A multi-criterion optimization technique for energy efficient cluster formation in wireless sensor networks 4th IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, (CCNC 2007) 2007 650 654Yi, S., Heo, J., Cho, Y., & Hong, J. (2007). PEACH: Power-efficient and adaptive clustering hierarchy protocol for wireless sensor networks. Computer Communications, 30(14-15), 2842-2852. doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2007.05.034Yong, Z., & Pei, Q. (2012). A Energy-Efficient Clustering Routing Algorithm Based on Distance and Residual Energy for Wireless Sensor Networks. Procedia Engineering, 29, 1882-1888. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2012.01.231Chuan-Chi W A minimum transmission energy consumption routing protocol for user-centric wireless networks 2011 1143 1148Kumar, D., Aseri, T. C., & Patel, R. B. (2009). EEHC: Energy efficient heterogeneous clustered scheme for wireless sensor networks. Computer Communications, 32(4), 662-667. doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2008.11.025Kim KT Moon SS Tree-Based Clustering (TBC) for energy efficient wireless sensor networks IEEE 24th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops (WAINA) 2010 680 685Yu, J., Qi, Y., Wang, G., & Gu, X. (2012). A cluster-based routing protocol for wireless sensor networks with nonuniform node distribution. AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 66(1), 54-61. doi:10.1016/j.aeue.2011.05.002Ye M Li C Wu J EECS: an Energy Efficient Clustering Scheme in wireless sensor networks 24th IEEE International Performance on Computing, and Communications Conference 2005 535 540Gautama N Lee W Pyun J Dynamic clustering and distance aware routing protocol for wireless sensor networks PE-WASUN'09 2009Heinzelman, W. B., Chandrakasan, A. P., & Balakrishnan, H. (2002). An application-specific protocol architecture for wireless microsensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 1(4), 660-670. doi:10.1109/twc.2002.804190Lai, W. K., Fan, C. S., & Lin, L. Y. (2012). Arranging cluster sizes and transmission ranges for wireless sensor networks. Information Sciences, 183(1), 117-131. doi:10.1016/j.ins.2011.08.029Pantazis, N. A., Vergados, D. J., Vergados, D. D., & Douligeris, C. (2009). Energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks using sleep mode TDMA scheduling. Ad Hoc Networks, 7(2), 322-343. doi:10.1016/j.adhoc.2008.03.006OMNeT++ Community Documentation and Tutorials of omnet++ http://www.omnetpp.org/Castallia Documentation and Tutorials of Castalia Simulator for WSN and BAN http://castalia.research.nicta.com.au/index.php/en/Research Group on Computer Networks and Multimedia Communication UFPA - Brazil Download-Leach-v2-for-Castalia http://www.gercom.ufpa.br/index.php?option=com_filecabinet&view=files&id=1&Itemid=31&lang=p

Busy tone-based channel access control for cooperative communication

Cooperative communication has attracted many research interests in recent years because it can take advantage of the broadcast nature of wireless communications and spatial diversity to improve the network performance. Although relay nodes in cooperative communications can help improve the performance, relay nodes may cause the serious competition on wireless channel accessing, which makes the channel access problem in cooperative communications challenging. To solve this problem, based on cooperative triple busy tone multiple access, this paper proposes a media access control scheme that concurrently combines the request to send/clear to send and busy tone with a proper tone duration timer. In the scheme, three busy tones are proposed to coordinate the nodes in the network to transmit packets, which is further utilised to solve the hidden terminal and exposed terminal problems in cooperative communications. Among the three busy tones, the cooperative busy tone is set according to the relay's signal-to-noise ratio. Based on the busy tone, this paper also proposes a bandwidth efficient relay selection algorithm, in which the source node can select the best relay in a distributed way by monitoring the busy tone. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can largely reduce the blocking time and improve the channel utilisation in wireless cooperative networks. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.The work is supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China under grant no. 2012BAD35B06, the open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology (Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications) under grant no. SKLNST-2013-1-04, the Prospective Research Project on Future Networks (Jiangsu Future Networks Innovation Institute) under grant no. BY2013095-4-06, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant nos. 6113305, 61173167 and 61103182, the Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation (No. 142006), and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2100219043).Xie, K.; Xie, K.; He, S.; Zhang, D.; Wen, J.; Lloret, J. (2015). Busy tone-based channel access control for cooperative communication. Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies. 26(10):1173-1188. doi:10.1002/ett.2856S117311882610Boche, H., & Jorswieck, E. A. (2007). On the performance optimization in multiuser MIMO systems. European Transactions on Telecommunications, 18(3), 287-304. doi:10.1002/ett.1155Laneman, J. N., Tse, D. N. C., & Wornell, G. W. (2004). Cooperative Diversity in Wireless Networks: Efficient Protocols and Outage Behavior. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 50(12), 3062-3080. doi:10.1109/tit.2004.838089Manhas EB Brante G Souza RD Pellenz ME Energy-efficient cooperative image transmission over wireless sensor networks WCNC, Paris, France 2012 2014 2019Ghelber, B., & Dabora, R. (2012). The value of cooperation between relays in the multiple-access channel with multiple relays. Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, 23(4), 341-359. doi:10.1002/ett.1543Zimmermann, E., Herhold, P., & Fettweis, G. (2005). On the performance of cooperative relaying protocols in wireless networks. European Transactions on Telecommunications, 16(1), 5-16. doi:10.1002/ett.1028Sergi, S., Pancaldi, F., & Vitetta, G. M. (2011). Cross-layer design for double-string cooperative communications in wireless ad-hoc networks. European Transactions on Telecommunications, 22(8), 471-486. doi:10.1002/ett.1497Moualeu JM Hamouda W Xu H Takawira F Cross-layer relay selection criterion for cooperative-diversity networks ICC, Ottawa, ON, Canada 2012 5075 5079Hasan Z Jamalipour A Bhargava VK Cooperative communication and relay selection under asymmetric information WCNC, Paris, France 2012 2373 2378Wang B Han Z Liu KJR Distributed relay selection and power control for multiuser cooperative communication networks using buyer/seller game INFOCOM, Anchorage, AK, United states 2007 544 552Chen D Ji H Li X An energy-efficient distributed relay selection and power allocation optimization scheme over wireless cooperative networks ICC, Kyoto, Japan 2011 1 5Feng J Zhang R Ng SX Hanzo L Relay selection for energy-efficient cooperative media access control WCNC, IEEE Cancun, Mexico 2011 287 292Zhang G Cong L Ding E Yang K Yang X Fair and efficient resource sharing for selfish cooperative communication networks using cooperative game theory ICC, IEEE, Kyoto, Japan 2011 1 5Liu, P., Tao, Z., Narayanan, S., Korakis, T., & Panwar, S. (2007). CoopMAC: A Cooperative MAC for Wireless LANs. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 25(2), 340-354. doi:10.1109/jsac.2007.070210Khalid, M., Wang, Y., Ra, I., & Sankar, R. (2011). Two-Relay-Based Cooperative MAC Protocol for Wireless Ad hoc Networks. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 60(7), 3361-3373. doi:10.1109/tvt.2011.2159872Sayed, S. G., Yang, Y., & Xu, J. (2010). BTAC: A Busy Tone Based Cooperative MAC Protocol for Wireless Local Area Networks. Mobile Networks and Applications, 16(1), 4-16. doi:10.1007/s11036-010-0267-1Sayed S Yang Y Guo H Hu H Analysis of energy efficiency of a busy tone based cooperative MAC protocol for multi-rate WLANs WCNC, IEEE, Sydney, NSW, Australia 2010 1 6Shan H Wang P Zhuang W Wang Z Cross-layer cooperative triple busy tone multiple access for wireless networks GLOBECOM, IEEE New Orleans, LA, United states 2008 1 5Liu Y Liu K Zeng F A relay-contention-free cooperative MAC protocol for wireless networks CCNC, IEEE, Las Vegas, NV, United states 2011 203 207Abramson N The ALOHA system: another alternative for computer communications Proceedings of the November 17-19, 1970, Fall Joint Computer Conference, ACM, Houston, TX 1970 281 285Bianchi G Fratta L Oliveri M Performance evaluation and enhancement of the CSMA/CA MAC protocol for 802.11 wireless LANs PIMRC Taipei, Taiwan 1996 392 396Haas, Z. J., & Jing Deng. (2002). Dual busy tone multiple access (DBTMA)-a multiple access control scheme for ad hoc networks. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 50(6), 975-985. doi:10.1109/tcomm.2002.1010617Rajeswari, A., & P.T, K. (2011). A Novel Energy Efficient Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks Using Spatial Correlation Based Collaborative Medium Access Control Combined with Hybrid MAC. Network Protocols and Algorithms, 3(4). doi:10.5296/npa.v3i4.1296Chen Y Li B HCRBT: a dual-busy-tone-assisted MAC protocol with channel reservation for ad hoc networks WICOM, IEEE, Wuhan, China 2011 1 4Li Z Liu K A multiple-recipient-based cooperative MAC protocol for wireless ad hoc networks 2013 IEEE 5th International Symposium on Microwave, Antenna, Propagation and EMC Technologies for Wireless Communications (MAPE), Chengdu, China 2013 59 64Sklar, B. (1997). Rayleigh fading channels in mobile digital communication systems. I. Characterization. IEEE Communications Magazine, 35(9), 136-146. doi:10.1109/35.62053