Use of AI applications for the drone industry

The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) industry, commonly referred to as the drone industry, has grown rapidly in recent years and changed many industries' operational procedures. Drones are adaptable AUs that have the ability to operate independently or remotely. The drone business has developed into a vibrant, diverse sector with applications in many other industries. Drone technology is set to grow and become more integrated into daily life and corporate operations as long as regulations keep up with technological advancements. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are increasingly used in various industries, notably drone companies. AI can improve drone technology's effectiveness, dependability, and efficiency, creating new opportunities for the drone industry to service multiple applications and sectors

A Multilevel Architecture for Autonomous UAVs

In this paper, a multilevel architecture able to interface an on-board computer with a generic UAV flight controller and its radio receiver is proposed. The computer board exploits the same standard communication protocol of UAV flight controllers and can easily access additional data, such as: (i) inertial sensor measurements coming from a multi-sensor board; (ii) global navigation satellite system (GNSS) coordinates; (iii) streaming video from one or more cameras; and (iv) operator commands from the remote control. In specific operating scenarios, the proposed platform is able to act as a “cyber pilot” which replaces the role of a human UAV operator, thus simplifying the development of complex tasks such as those based on computer vision and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms which are typically employed in autonomous flight operations

An Empirical Study on the Attack and Defense of Unmanned Vehicle

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, Network Attack, Cyber-Physical System, SecurityOne of the main applications of the Cyber-Physical System, the Unmanned vehicle is gradually expanding its use. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), among unmanned vehicle, is used not only for cameras, emergency, and military purposes, but its negative effects are increasing also as its use expands. A terrorist outrage using UAVs in Saudi Arabia in the fall of 2019 is a well-known example. Therefore, research on disabling UAV is also becoming important. The UAV neutralization study can be divided into three phases. First, it is the identification of friend or foe stage that distinguishes whether UAVs are friendly or enemy. However, this step can be omitted in No-drone Zones, such as places where people are concentrated, places where major confidential facilities such as nuclear facilities are located, and places of privacy. The second step is to neutralize the UAV's actual mission. At this stage, the UAV is disabled mainly through network attacks such as jamming attacks and packet injection attacks, or through physical attacks such as nets. The third is a post-processing step to lead the UAV to safe area, that is, to prevent the UAV from flying again and to protect the surroundings from it. Previous UAV neutralization studies have focused on disabling UAV without considering the third phase. In this paper, we focused on the third stage, the post-processing stage, so that UAV can be neutralized. Robot Operating System is useful and used widely in UAV system, but there are also vulnerabilities. Therefore, disabling UAVs using this point and defense techniques are discussed in this paper.YⅠ. INTRODUCTION 1 Ⅱ. BACKGROUND 3 2.1 Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) 3 2.2 Robot Operating System (ROS) 5 Ⅲ. RELATED WORK 6 Ⅳ. PROPOSED METHOD 8 4.1 Proposed attack method 8 4.2 Proposed defense method 14 Ⅴ. SIMULATION RESULT 18 5.1 Experiment environment for attack and defense on UAV simulation 18 5.2 Simulation result for attack on UAV 21 5.3 Simulation result for defense on UAV 25 Ⅵ. CONCLUSION 29 REFERENCES 30 SUMMARY (Korean) 32최근 CPS의 주요 어플리케이션 중 하나인 무인 이동체가 용도를 넓힘에 따라 무인 이동체의 무력화 연구도 중요해지고 있다. 우리는 무인 이동체 중 UAV를 이용하였다. 무인기 무력화 단계는 무인기 피아 식별 단계, 무인기 임무 무력화 단계, 무인기 안전 회수 및 사후 처리단계로 크게 세 단계로 나뉠 수 있다. 그러나 대부분의 연구는 무인기 안전 회수 및 사후 처리단계까지 고려하지 않고 있으며 무인기 임무 무력화 단계에 그치고 있다. 무인기 안전 회수 및 사후 처리단계까지 고려하지 않은 무력화는 일반적으로 추락을 통한 무력화, 호버링을 통한 무력화가 있다. 이는 무력화 단계에서 심각한 재산, 인명 등의 2차 피해를 초래할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 자율 주행, navigation, 충돌 회피 등의 기능 구현을 위해 무인 이동체에서 일반적으로 사용하는 MAVROS 환경의 취약점을 찾고 그 취약점을 이용하여 공격방법을 제안하였다. 제안하는 공격방법은 추락을 통한 무인기 무력화가 아닌 원하는 지점으로 착륙시키거나 이륙지점으로 돌려보내는 무력화 방법으로 이로 인한 2차피해가 발생하지 않는다. 특히 원하는 지점으로 착륙시키는 공격 방법은 무력화 대상인 UAV를 탈취할 수 있다는 점이 있다. 이러한 취약점을 막기 위해 우리는 또한 보안을 위한 MAVROS API를 제안하였다. 이는 UAV의 상태를 IDLE, LOCK, UNLOCK 세가지 상태로 나누어 동작한다. MAVROS에 새로운 publisher node가 등록될 때 몇 가지 일련의 검사과정을 거치며 사용자가 동적으로 고유번호를 이용하여 상태를 변화시킬 수 있다는 점이 있다. 실험을 통해 공격자의 publisher node 등록을 막음으로써 공격을 막는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.MasterdCollectio

Drone hacking with Raspberry-Pi 3 and WiFi Pineapple: security and privacy threats for the internet-of-things

The use of Internet-of-Things (IoT) technology is growing exponentially as more consumers and businesses acknowledge the benefits offered by the intelligent and smart devices. Drone technology is a rapidly emerging sector within the IoT and the risk of hacking could not only cause a data breach, it could also pose a major risk to the public safety. Thanks to their versatile applications and access to real-time data, commercial drones are used across a wide variety of smart city applications. However, as with many IoT devices, security is often an afterthought, leaving many drones vulnerable to hackers. This paper investigates the current state of drone security and demonstrates a set of WiFi enabled drone vulnerabilities. Five different types of attacks, together with the potential of automation of attacks, was identified and applied to two different types of commercially available drones. The communication links are investigated for the attacks, i.e. Denial of Service, Deauthentication Methods, Man-in-the-Middle, Unauthorised Root Access and Packet Spoofing. Lastly, the unauthorised root access was automated through the use of a Raspberry-Pi 3 and WiFi Pineapple. Furthermore, we outlined the methodology for each attack, and the experimental part outlines the findings and processes of the attacks. Finally, the paper addresses the current state of drone security, management, control, resilience, security, and privacy concerns

Malicious Digital Penetration of United States Weaponized Military Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Systems: A National Security Perspective Concerning the Complexity of Military UAVs and Hacking

The United States’ (US) military unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has seen increased usage under the post 9/11 military engagements in the Middle East, Afghanistan, and within American borders. However, the very digital networks controlling these aircrafts are now enduring malicious intrusions (hacking) by America’s enemies. . The digital intrusions serve as a presage over the very digital networks the US relies upon to safeguard its national security and interests and domestic territory. The complexity surrounding the hacking of US military UAVs appears to be increasing, given the advancements in digital networks and the seemingly inauspicious nature of artificial intelligence and autonomous systems. Being most victimized by malicious digital intrusions, the US continues its military components towards growing dependence upon digital networks in advancing warfare and national security and interests. Thus, America’s netcentric warfare perspectives may perpetuate a chaotic environment where the use of military force is the sole means of safeguarding its digital networks