A framework for translating Sustainable Development Goals into national energy planning in developing countries: The case of Indonesia

The sustainable development goals (SDGs) are the 2030 global agenda to end poverty and hunger, enjoy peace and prosperity, and protect the Earth. The SDGs are set in a global context but only executable locally and nationally. Consequently, mainstreaming them into national development planning is essential, and integrating the SDGs into national planning constitutes revisiting the national energy plan. Any action aimed at achieving SDG targets may have direct and indirect effects on energy. Unfortunately, the national energy supply and demand projection is usually developed based on demographic and economic assumptions without considering SDG mainstreaming impacts. Therefore, a framework was developed for translating the SDGs into national energy planning in developing countries. The research used Indonesia’s data to test the framework. The study mapped the links between the SDG targets and energy demand and provided methods to translate those targets to energy demand. It also evaluated the impacts of energy policy on achieving the SDG on energy. The implications of SDG implementations on the national energy supply and demand of Indonesia were also assessed. Finally, the study offers scenarios for Indonesia to achieve its Paris Agreement goal beyond nationally determined contribution (NDC) commitments. This study identifies 25 targets associated with energy demand and proposes a solution for estimating the energy demand associated with the targets. The SDGs implementation in the context of Indonesia will anticipate a 5% increase in energy demand above the reference scenario. Indonesia is on track to meet universal access to electricity by 2025 under the current policy support. However, universal access to clean fuels and technology and renewable energy targets will be missed. In contrast, the 2.6% annual increase in energy efficiency improvement has been achieved by Indonesia since 2015. Finally, the NDCs of Indonesia will be easily reached by 2030. A more ambitious carbon emissions reduction compatible with the Paris Agreement goal is achievable by remarkably increasing the adoption of renewable energy technology and applying strong energy efficiency measures

Security in Distributed, Grid, Mobile, and Pervasive Computing

This book addresses the increasing demand to guarantee privacy, integrity, and availability of resources in networks and distributed systems. It first reviews security issues and challenges in content distribution networks, describes key agreement protocols based on the Diffie-Hellman key exchange and key management protocols for complex distributed systems like the Internet, and discusses securing design patterns for distributed systems. The next section focuses on security in mobile computing and wireless networks. After a section on grid computing security, the book presents an overview of security solutions for pervasive healthcare systems and surveys wireless sensor network security

Management And Security Of Multi-Cloud Applications

Single cloud management platform technology has reached maturity and is quite successful in information technology applications. Enterprises and application service providers are increasingly adopting a multi-cloud strategy to reduce the risk of cloud service provider lock-in and cloud blackouts and, at the same time, get the benefits like competitive pricing, the flexibility of resource provisioning and better points of presence. Another class of applications that are getting cloud service providers increasingly interested in is the carriers\u27 virtualized network services. However, virtualized carrier services require high levels of availability and performance and impose stringent requirements on cloud services. They necessitate the use of multi-cloud management and innovative techniques for placement and performance management. We consider two classes of distributed applications – the virtual network services and the next generation of healthcare – that would benefit immensely from deployment over multiple clouds. This thesis deals with the design and development of new processes and algorithms to enable these classes of applications. We have evolved a method for optimization of multi-cloud platforms that will pave the way for obtaining optimized placement for both classes of services. The approach that we have followed for placement itself is predictive cost optimized latency controlled virtual resource placement for both types of applications. To improve the availability of virtual network services, we have made innovative use of the machine and deep learning for developing a framework for fault detection and localization. Finally, to secure patient data flowing through the wide expanse of sensors, cloud hierarchy, virtualized network, and visualization domain, we have evolved hierarchical autoencoder models for data in motion between the IoT domain and the multi-cloud domain and within the multi-cloud hierarchy

Products and Services

Today’s global economy offers more opportunities, but is also more complex and competitive than ever before. This fact leads to a wide range of research activity in different fields of interest, especially in the so-called high-tech sectors. This book is a result of widespread research and development activity from many researchers worldwide, covering the aspects of development activities in general, as well as various aspects of the practical application of knowledge

Influence of transaction costs on market participation by smallholder poultry farmers in Nigeria : a mixed methods study

PhD ThesisBackground: Market participation provides an opportunity for smallholder farmers to raise their income levels and hence improve their livelihoods. However, their decision to participate is hindered by individual, socio-economic and transaction costs (institutional) factors. Investigations into these factors have traditionally applied quantitative analysis even though transaction costs incorporate both tangible and intangible costs. Consequently, important motivations and barriers (intangible costs) perceived to influence smallholder market participation decisions have been left unobserved or unaccounted for. Setting: This study is set among smallholder poultry farmers in Nigeria. The Nigerian poultry sub-sector is under an import ban regime aimed at encouraging domestic participation in poultry markets. However, imposing a ban without a deliberate effort at instituting policies to ensure that its benefits trickle down to those mostly in need (i.e. small-scale farmers) is likely to be counter-productive. Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of transaction costs on market participation by smallholder poultry farmers in Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to first, determine the transaction costs factors influencing probability of participating in poultry markets, extent of market participation and choice of where to sell live poultry, and second, to explore perceived influences of transaction costs underlying smallholder market participation decisions. Methods: An explanatory sequential mixed methods design comprising an initial quantitative phase and a subsequent qualitative phase was employed. For the quantitative phase, primary data from a 2015 smallholder market participation survey was analysed to test for significant factors influencing smallholder market participation. For the qualitative phase, a subset of the significant factors were explored using semi-structured interviews with 20 socio-economically diverse smallholder poultry farmers recruited from participants involved in the initial quantitative survey. iii Findings: First, the quantitative analysis showed that literate female farmers with a large household and flock size, who have access to veterinary services, alternative sources of income besides poultry, and who are located further from market centres yet close to tarred roads are the type of farmers that are more likely to participate in poultry markets. Second, literate married farmers presumably female with a large flock size, who rely on the use of motorbike and mobile phone, who are native to an area and mainly rely on other farmers as the main source of market information and have lower earnings from non-farm work are the type of farmers that would intensively participate in poultry markets. Third, the market choice of poultry farmers who are remotely located with large flock sizes, who attract regular or repeat customers, who anticipate selling at a lower price per live weight of poultry whilst maintaining a strong bargaining or negotiating position would be through the farm-gate market channel. The qualitative analysis further revealed more importantly that being self-employed with a mid-level education also enhanced market participation. Conclusion: The findings from the study indicate the need for continuous rural infrastructure development in the areas of roads and telecommunications. Furthermore, in order to ease access to market information, institutionalised market information services need to be prioritised. In addition, improved access to veterinary services through technical support for farmers needs to be strengthened. In addition, land access and title deeds need to be formalised to enable long-term land use and expansion. More importantly, rural finance programmes instituted to address the credit needs of farmers should account for farmers’ educational levels and employment status to further ease market participation. The findings therefore demonstrate the importance of relying on both quantitative and qualitative evidence in smallholder market participation research.Akwa Ibom State University (AKSU) Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETfund

Congress UPV Proceedings of the 21ST International Conference on Science and Technology Indicators

This is the book of proceedings of the 21st Science and Technology Indicators Conference that took place in València (Spain) from 14th to 16th of September 2016. The conference theme for this year, ‘Peripheries, frontiers and beyond’ aimed to study the development and use of Science, Technology and Innovation indicators in spaces that have not been the focus of current indicator development, for example, in the Global South, or the Social Sciences and Humanities. The exploration to the margins and beyond proposed by the theme has brought to the STI Conference an interesting array of new contributors from a variety of fields and geographies. This year’s conference had a record 382 registered participants from 40 different countries, including 23 European, 9 American, 4 Asia-Pacific, 4 Africa and Near East. About 26% of participants came from outside of Europe. There were also many participants (17%) from organisations outside academia including governments (8%), businesses (5%), foundations (2%) and international organisations (2%). This is particularly important in a field that is practice-oriented. The chapters of the proceedings attest to the breadth of issues discussed. Infrastructure, benchmarking and use of innovation indicators, societal impact and mission oriented-research, mobility and careers, social sciences and the humanities, participation and culture, gender, and altmetrics, among others. We hope that the diversity of this Conference has fostered productive dialogues and synergistic ideas and made a contribution, small as it may be, to the development and use of indicators that, being more inclusive, will foster a more inclusive and fair world

Applications of wireless sensor technologies in construction

The construction industry is characterised by a number of problems in crucial fields such as health, safety and logistics. Since these problems affect the progress of construction projects, the construction industry has attempted to introduce the use of innovative information and communication technologies on the construction site. Specific technologies which find applicability on the construction site are wireless sensors, and especially radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology. RFID tagging is a technology capable of tracking items. The technology has been applied on the construction site for various applications, such as asset tracking. There are many problems related to health, safety and logistics on the construction site which could be resolved using RFID technology. In the health and safety field, the problems which exist are the monitoring of dangerous areas on the construction site, such as large excavation areas, the collisions between workers and vehicles, between vehicles and equipment and between vehicles, the detection of hazardous substances on the construction site when the construction work has been completed and the collection of hazard notifications from specific areas of the construction site as feedback for the prevention of future accidents. In the logistics field, the tracking of a material during its delivery on the construction site, its transportation to specific subcontractors and its future utilisation as well as the monitoring of the rate of use of materials on the construction site, the checking of the sequence of steel members and the monitoring of the temperature of porous materials are issues which can be realised using RFID technology. In order to facilitate the use of RFID technology for the specific health, safety and logistics problems, a system has been developed. The operation of this system is based on the combined use of hardware and software elements. The hardware elements of the developed system are a wireless local area network, RFID readers and tags. Its software elements are a software development kit based on which, a number of graphical user interfaces have been created for the interaction of the users with the REID tags, and Notepad files which store data collected from REID tags through the graphical user interfaces. Each of the graphical user interfaces is designed in such a way so that it corresponds to the requirements of the health, safety or logistics situation in which it is used. The proposed system has been tested on a simulated construction site by a group of experts and a number of findings have been produced. Specifically, the testing of the proposed system showed that RFID technology can connect the different stages which characterise the construction supply chain. In addition, it showed the capability of the technology to be integrated with construction processes. The testing of the system also revealed the barriers and the enablers to the use of RFID technology in the construction industry. An example of such a barrier is the unwillingness of the people of the construction industry to quit traditional techniques in favour of a new technology. Enablers which enhance the use of RFID technology in the construction industry are the lack of complexity which characterises the operation of RFID tagging and the relatively low cost of RFID tags. In general, RFID technology is an innovative sensor technology which can help the construction industry through its asset tracking ability. However, further research should be done on the improvement of RFID technology on specific characteristics, such as its inability to provide location coordinates and the resilience of the electromagnetic signal emitted by the RFID reader when there are metallic objects around the reader

Study on open science: The general state of the play in Open Science principles and practices at European life sciences institutes

Nowadays, open science is a hot topic on all levels and also is one of the priorities of the European Research Area. Components that are commonly associated with open science are open access, open data, open methodology, open source, open peer review, open science policies and citizen science. Open science may a great potential to connect and influence the practices of researchers, funding institutions and the public. In this paper, we evaluate the level of openness based on public surveys at four European life sciences institute

Territorial unbalances in the Chinese industrialization process

The debate on industrial development policies has in recent years moved to "how" governments should intervene and what goals to pursue, rather than "if" they should be pursued. Government intervention is often driven by goals that fall into three broad categories: solving market failures, promoting strategic objectives, and reaching meta-economic objectives such as access to knowledge, education, and health care an equal distribution of wealth, sustainable social and environmental development. Chinese territory is studied as an example of industrialization and economic growth promoted through meticulous planning and targeted industrial policies justified by strategic goals. However, over time, critical issues related to the spatial distribution of the industrialization have emerged, thus threatening the sustainability of economic growth. The aim of this work is to analyze the distribution of economic performances in China, at several administrative levels. The analysis is carried out using statistical permutation tests. Starting from the national level, territorial unbalances were analyzed in terms of economic performance in the period 1998-2010. Economic performance is measured using a composite index that includes five variables (GDP per capita, employment, density of enterprises, exports, and industrial output). In the second phase, the study proceeds with the territorial analysis in Guangdong province, emblematic case of the Chinese industrialization, using data at county-district level. At this stage territorial unbalances are analyzed not only with respect to economic performances, but also with respect to the intensity of policy interventions (the variables used are specialized towns, development zones, innovation centers, ratio of revenues over expenditure of the local government, and investments in innovation). Finally, the last part of the work is focused on the case of Dongguan, a prefecture located in the heart of Guangdong’s industrial area. Here, territorial analysis is carried out at the town level and with respect to economic performance. The analysis returns the picture of a country marked by strong regional unbalances. Guangdong, which is one of the most industrialized provinces of China, shows a marked dualism between core and periphery, and unbalances among different areas not only in terms of performances but also in terms of intensity of policies. Nevertheless, Dongguan does not show unbalances in terms of performances and seems, on the contrary, uniformly industrialized

Online development in the Nordic countries : a history of online information from the 1960s to the '00s and NORDINFO's role in its development

Some of the contributions to this book have previously been published as unedited manuscripts in 2007 at http://hdl.handle.net/1975/149