38 research outputs found
Modeling and Simulation in Engineering
This book provides an open platform to establish and share knowledge developed by scholars, scientists, and engineers from all over the world, about various applications of the modeling and simulation in the design process of products, in various engineering fields. The book consists of 12 chapters arranged in two sections (3D Modeling and Virtual Prototyping), reflecting the multidimensionality of applications related to modeling and simulation. Some of the most recent modeling and simulation techniques, as well as some of the most accurate and sophisticated software in treating complex systems, are applied. All the original contributions in this book are jointed by the basic principle of a successful modeling and simulation process: as complex as necessary, and as simple as possible. The idea is to manipulate the simplifying assumptions in a way that reduces the complexity of the model (in order to make a real-time simulation), but without altering the precision of the results
Indoor Mapping and Reconstruction with Mobile Augmented Reality Sensor Systems
Augmented Reality (AR) ermöglicht es, virtuelle, dreidimensionale Inhalte direkt
innerhalb der realen Umgebung darzustellen. Anstatt jedoch beliebige virtuelle
Objekte an einem willkĂŒrlichen Ort anzuzeigen, kann AR Technologie auch genutzt
werden, um Geodaten in situ an jenem Ort darzustellen, auf den sich die Daten
beziehen. Damit eröffnet AR die Möglichkeit, die reale Welt durch virtuelle, ortbezogene
Informationen anzureichern. Im Rahmen der vorliegenen Arbeit wird diese
Spielart von AR als "Fused Reality" definiert und eingehend diskutiert.
Der praktische Mehrwert, den dieses Konzept der Fused Reality bietet, lÀsst sich
gut am Beispiel seiner Anwendung im Zusammenhang mit digitalen GebÀudemodellen
demonstrieren, wo sich gebÀudespezifische Informationen - beispielsweise der
Verlauf von Leitungen und Kabeln innerhalb der WĂ€nde - lagegerecht am realen
Objekt darstellen lassen. Um das skizzierte Konzept einer Indoor Fused Reality
Anwendung realisieren zu können, mĂŒssen einige grundlegende Bedingungen erfĂŒllt
sein. So kann ein bestimmtes GebÀude nur dann mit ortsbezogenen Informationen
augmentiert werden, wenn von diesem GebĂ€ude ein digitales Modell verfĂŒgbar ist.
Zwar werden gröĂere Bauprojekt heutzutage oft unter Zuhilfename von Building
Information Modelling (BIM) geplant und durchgefĂŒhrt, sodass ein digitales Modell
direkt zusammen mit dem realen GebÀude ensteht, jedoch sind im Falle Àlterer
BestandsgebĂ€ude digitale Modelle meist nicht verfĂŒgbar. Ein digitales Modell eines
bestehenden GebĂ€udes manuell zu erstellen, ist zwar möglich, jedoch mit groĂem
Aufwand verbunden. Ist ein passendes GebÀudemodell vorhanden, muss ein AR
GerĂ€t auĂerdem in der Lage sein, die eigene Position und Orientierung im GebĂ€ude
relativ zu diesem Modell bestimmen zu können, um Augmentierungen lagegerecht
anzeigen zu können.
Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit werden diverse Aspekte der angesprochenen Problematik
untersucht und diskutiert. Dabei werden zunÀchst verschiedene Möglichkeiten
diskutiert, Indoor-GebĂ€udegeometrie mittels Sensorsystemen zu erfassen. AnschlieĂend
wird eine Untersuchung prÀsentiert, inwiefern moderne AR GerÀte, die
in der Regel ebenfalls ĂŒber eine Vielzahl an Sensoren verfĂŒgen, ebenfalls geeignet
sind, als Indoor-Mapping-Systeme eingesetzt zu werden. Die resultierenden Indoor
Mapping DatensÀtze können daraufhin genutzt werden, um automatisiert
GebÀudemodelle zu rekonstruieren. Zu diesem Zweck wird ein automatisiertes,
voxel-basiertes Indoor-Rekonstruktionsverfahren vorgestellt. Dieses wird auĂerdem
auf der Grundlage vierer zu diesem Zweck erfasster DatensÀtze mit zugehörigen
Referenzdaten quantitativ evaluiert. Desweiteren werden verschiedene
Möglichkeiten diskutiert, mobile AR GerÀte innerhalb eines GebÀudes und des zugehörigen
GebĂ€udemodells zu lokalisieren. In diesem Kontext wird auĂerdem auch
die Evaluierung einer Marker-basierten Indoor-Lokalisierungsmethode prÀsentiert.
AbschlieĂend wird zudem ein neuer Ansatz, Indoor-Mapping DatensĂ€tze an den
Achsen des Koordinatensystems auszurichten, vorgestellt
Deformable shape matching
Deformable shape matching has become an important building block in academia as well as in industry. Given two three dimensional shapes A and B the deformation function f aligning A with B has to be found. The function is discretized by a set of corresponding point pairs. Unfortunately, the computation cost of a brute-force search of correspondences is exponential. Additionally, to be of any practical use the algorithm has to be able to deal with data coming directly from 3D scanner devices which suffers from acquisition problems like noise, holes as well as missing any information about topology. This dissertation presents novel solutions for solving shape matching: First, an algorithm estimating correspondences using a randomized search strategy is shown. Additionally, a planning step dramatically reducing the matching costs is incorporated. Using ideas of these both contributions, a method for matching multiple shapes at once is shown. The method facilitates the reconstruction of shape and motion from noisy data acquired with dynamic 3D scanners. Considering shape matching from another perspective a solution is shown using Markov Random Fields (MRF). Formulated as MRF, partial as well as full matches of a shape can be found. Here, belief propagation is utilized for inference computation in the MRF. Finally, an approach significantly reducing the space-time complexity of belief propagation for a wide spectrum of computer vision tasks is presented.Anpassung deformierbarer Formen ist zu einem wichtigen Baustein in der akademischen Welt sowie in der Industrie geworden. Gegeben zwei dreidimensionale Formen A und B, suchen wir nach einer Verformungsfunktion f, die die Deformation von A auf B abbildet. Die Funktion f wird durch eine Menge von korrespondierenden Punktepaaren diskretisiert. Leider sind die Berechnungskosten fĂŒr eine Brute-Force-Suche dieser Korrespondenzen exponentiell. Um zusĂ€tzlich von einem praktischen Nutzen zu sein, muss der Suchalgorithmus in der Lage sein, mit Daten, die direkt aus 3D-Scanner kommen, umzugehen. Bedauerlicherweise leiden diese Daten unter Akquisitionsproblemen wie Rauschen, Löcher sowie fehlender Topologieinformation. In dieser Dissertation werden neue Lösungen fĂŒr das Problem der Formanpassung prĂ€sentiert. Als erstes wird ein Algorithmus gezeigt, der die Korrespondenzen mittels einer randomisierten Suchstrategie schĂ€tzt. ZusĂ€tzlich wird anhand eines automatisch berechneten SchĂ€tzplanes die Geschwindigkeit der Suchstrategie verbessert. Danach wird ein Verfahren gezeigt, dass die Anpassung mehrerer Formen gleichzeitig bewerkstelligen kann. Diese Methode ermöglicht es, die Bewegung, sowie die eigentliche Struktur des Objektes aus verrauschten Daten, die mittels dynamischer 3D-Scanner aufgenommen wurden, zu rekonstruieren. Darauffolgend wird das Problem der Formanpassung aus einer anderen Perspektive betrachtet und als Markov-Netzwerk (MRF) reformuliert. Dieses ermöglicht es, die Formen auch stĂŒckweise aufeinander abzubilden. Die eigentliche Lösung wird mittels Belief Propagation berechnet. SchlieĂlich wird ein Ansatz gezeigt, der die Speicher-Zeit-KomplexitĂ€t von Belief Propagation fĂŒr ein breites Spektrum von Computer-Vision Problemen erheblich reduziert
ICS Materials. Towards a re-Interpretation of material qualities through interactive, connected, and smart materials.
The domain of materials for design is changing under the influence of an increased technological
advancement, miniaturization and democratization. Materials are becoming connected,
augmented, computational, interactive, active, responsive, and dynamic. These are ICS
Materials, an acronym that stands for Interactive, Connected and Smart. While labs around the
world are experimenting with these new materials, there is the need to reflect on their
potentials and impact on design. This paper is a first step in this direction: to interpret and
describe the qualities of ICS materials, considering their experiential pattern, their expressive sensorial dimension, and their aesthetic of interaction. Through case studies, we analyse and classify these emerging ICS Materials and identified common characteristics, and challenges, e.g. the ability to change over time or their programmability by the designers and users. On that basis, we argue there is the need to reframe and redesign existing models to describe ICS materials, making their qualities emerge
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Transforming shape: hybrid practice as group activity
Printed textile and garment design are generally taught and practised as separate disciplines. Integrated CAD software enables textile and clothing designers to envisage printed garments by assimilating graphic imagery with 2D garment shapes and 3D visualizations. Digital fabric printing can be employed to transpose print-filled garment shapes directly onto cloth. During a recently completed practice-led PhD (1998-2003), I researched the aesthetic design potential of combining new CAD technology with garment modelling methods to create new innovative printed textiles/garments. The merging of physical and screen-based making resulted in a hybrid 3D approach to the body, cloth and print referred to as the 'simultaneous design method'.
In 2001 this hybrid practice provided the catalyst for a collaborative textile research project at the Nottingham Trent University, UK. The group included surface, shape and multimedia designers. The key group aim was to explore the transforming effects of computer-aided textile design through dialogues between two and three dimensions. In parallel with my own practice, print and embroidery were considered from a 3D starting-point through the relating of geometric cloth shapes to the form. Each designer took an idiosyncratic approach to the selection and integration of imagery with the shapes.
The novel consideration of the final modelled textile at the start of the designing process influenced each designer in different ways, leading to a collection of contrasting, original outcomes that were displayed in the exhibition Transforming Shape (UK 2001, Denmark 2003). The exhibition demonstrated the design opportunities (and limitations) of new and existing technologies, specifically the relationship between innovative textile imagery and three-dimensional form. The designs illustrated the premise that surface designs can be engineered through different pattern shapes and that engineer-printed shapes transform the body
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Transforming shape: a simultaneous approach to the body, cloth and print for garment and textile design (synthesising CAD with manual methods)
Printed textile and garment design are generally taught and practised as separate disciplines. Integrated CAD software enables textile and clothing designers to envisage printed garments by assimilating graphic imagery with 2D garment shapes, and 3D visualisations. Digital printing can be enlisted to transpose print-filled garment shapes directly onto cloth. This research challenges existing 2D practice by synthesising manual and CAD technologies, to explore the integration of print design and garment shape from a simultaneous, 3D perspective.
This research has identified three fundamental archetypes of printed garment styles from Twentieth Century fashion: 'sculptural', 'architectural' and 'crossover'. The contrasting spatial characteristics and surface patterning inherent in these models provided tlĂœe theoretical and practical framework for the research. Design approaches such as'textile-led', 'garment-led'and 'the garment as canvas' highlighted the originality of the simultaneous design method, which embraces all of these concepts.
This research recognises the body form as a positive influence within the printed textile and printed garment designing process, whereby modelled fabric shapes can be enlisted to determine mark making. The aim of the practice, to create printed garment designs from a 3D perspective, was facilitated by an original method of image capture, resulting in blueprinted toiles, or cyanoforms, that formed the basis of engineer-printed garments and textiles. Integrated CAD software provided the interface between manual modelling, design development and realisation, where draping software was employed to digitally craft 3D textiles. The practical and aesthetic characteristics of digital printing were tested through the printing of photographic-style, integrated garment prototypes.
The design outcomes demonstrate that a simultaneous approach to the body, cloth and print can result in innovative textile vocabulary, that'plays a proactive role within the design equation, through its aesthetic integration with garment and form. The integration of print directly with the garment contour can result in a 3D orientated approach to printed garment design that is empathetic with the natural body shape
The Impact of Recycling on the Fibre and the Composite Properties of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastics
This work addresses recycling effects on carbon fibres and their composites. Developments in single fibre testing, such as the consideration of non-circular fibre shapes and direct strain measurements, are presented. The bulk moulding compound process appears to be a straightforward recycling route for end-of-life fibres and production waste. The investigations shall encourage industry do substitute virgin material with recycled fibres, supporting their pursuit of sustainable mobility