Criteria for a Recommended Standard: Occupational Exposure to Hot Environments (Revised Criteria 1986)

"This document contains the recommendations of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) for worker exposure to heat stress. Heat-induced occupational illnesses, injuries, and reduced productivity occur in situations in which the total heat load exceeds the capacities of the body to maintain normal body functions without excessive strain. The total heat load represents the sum of the heat gained from the environment plus the heat generated in the body. Total heat stress is the heat load minus the heat lost from the body to the environment. This document presents how the reduction of adverse health effects can be accomplished by the proper application of engineering and work practice controls, worker raining and acclimatization, measurements and assessment of heat stress, medical supervision, and proper use of heat protective clothing and equipment." - NIOSHTIC-2CurrentPrevention and ControlEnvironmental Healt

Contact cooling and its effects on manual dexterity

In industry, it is common for workers to be exposed to a variety of cold surfaces including machinery parts, walls and tools that have cooled to ambient conditions or are cooled by the production process. Although there is legislation and there are guidelines to protect workers and minimise safety risks in environments where there may be hot surfaces (skin burns; EN 563:1994), this is not the case for environments containing cold surfaces. It was hence decided by the European standardisation organisation CEN that a standard should exist to outline the risks associated with contact with a cold material in terms of skin damages, discomfort and effects on manual dexterity. Data was collected for the development of a cold surfaces standard (European Union project SMT4–CT97–2149). The standard should provide information on the relationship between contact material type, surface temperature and the subsequent risk of pain, frostbite and manual dexterity deficits after prolonged exposure. Further research related to this standard was performed and is described in this thesis. [Continues.

The effect of work related mechanical stress on the peripheral temperature of the hand

The evolution and developments in modern industry have resulted a wide range of occupational activities, some of which can lead to industrial injuries. Due to the activities of occupational medicine, much progress has been made in transforming the way that operatives perform their tasks. However there are still many occupations where manual tasks have become more repetitive, contributing to the development of conditions that affect the upper limbs. Repetitive Strain Injury is one classification of those conditions which is related to overuse of repetitive movement. Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome is a subtype of this classification directly related to the operation of instruments and machinery which involves vibration. These conditions affect a large number of individuals, and are costly in terms of work absence, loss of income and compensation. While such conditions can be difficult to avoid, they can be monitored and controlled, with prevention usually the least expensive solution. In medico-legal situations it may be difficult to determine the location or the degree of injury, and therefore determining the relevant compensation due is complicated by the absence of objective and quantifiable methods. This research is an investigation into the development of an objective, quantitative and reproducible diagnostic procedure for work related upper limb disorders. A set of objective mechanical provocation tests for the hands have been developed that are associated with vascular challenge. Infrared thermal imaging was used to monitor the temperature changes using a well defined capture protocol. Normal reference values have been measured and a computational tool used to facilitate the process and standardise image processing. These objective tests have demonstrated good discrimination between groups of healthy controls and subjects with work related injuries but not individuals, p<0.05, and are reproducible. A maximum value for thermal symmetry of 0.5±0.3ºC for the whole upper limbs has been established for use as a reference. The tests can be used to monitor occupations at risk, aiming to reduce the impact of these conditions, reducing work related injury costs, and providing early detection. In a medico-legal setting this can also provide important objective information in proof of injury and ultimately in objectively establishing whether or not there is a case for compensation

Aerospace medicine and biology: A continuing bibliography with indexes (supplement 312)

This bibliography lists 300 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in June, 1988

Regulation, architecture and modernism in the United States, 1890-1920

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 239-256).This dissertation examines the modernization of the United States through a group of regulatory techniques and institutions that emerged in the early twentieth century. In this period, conceptions of power based on laissez-faire capitalism were giving way to systems of governance that aimed to control the economies of the home, market, nature and labor. Methods of avoiding, delaying, and constraining the uncertainties resulting from the massive economic development of the nation established a new approach to securing its future through the regulation of risk. While predictability and efficiency are often invoked as core principles of modernism, these were in fact ideologies that gained their force through these earlier attempts to manage and forestall risk. The dissertation identifies four cases in which technology and architecture served as critical instruments for the implementation of regulation in the modern interior. The application of thermostatic control of heat for domestic architecture established a norm for room temperature that, through the home economics movement, became a hygienic standard for the modern American home. In cold storage facilities, mechanical refrigeration technologies were employed to regulate the longevity of perishable food. By extending the life of produce, these warehouses served as control centers for distributing the nation's food supply and regulating the futures market that determined their prices.(cont.) Even more dramatic manipulations of the environment were enacted in ecological laboratories. Packed with control systems, these structures played a crucial role in the development of research that explored the governing dynamics of the economy of nature; they sought to connect the life of organisms to fluctuations in their surrounding environment. In factories, plant owners hired engineers to install production control systems to regulate the relations between machines, men and the market. The techniques devised by these mangers sought to make industry both responsive and resistant to unstable and often unpredictable fluctuations in demand.by Michael Osman.Ph.D

Manned Mars Mission. Working group papers, volume 2, section 5 - appendix

Topics discussed include: science investigations and issues; life science/medical issues; subsystems and technology development requirements; political issues; and impacts on other programs

1995 BRAC Commission

Army - Stratford Army Engine Plant, CT - May 1995 Base Visits and Briefings. Box 14, A-017

1995 BRAC Commission

Army - Detroit Arsenal, MI - May 1995 Base Analysis. Box 14, A-017

SPATIAL TRANSFORMATION PATTERN DUE TO COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY IN KAMPONG HOUSE

ABSTRACT Kampung houses are houses in kampung area of the city. Kampung House oftenly transformed into others use as urban dynamics. One of the transfomation is related to the commercial activities addition by the house owner. It make house with full private space become into mixused house with more public spaces or completely changed into full public commercial building. This study investigate the spatial transformation pattern of the kampung houses due to their commercial activities addition. Site observations, interviews and questionnaires were performed to study the spatial transformation. This study found that in kampung houses, the spatial transformation pattern was depend on type of commercial activities and owner perceptions, and there are several steps of the spatial transformation related the commercial activity addition. Keywords: spatial transformation pattern; commercial activity; owner perception, kampung house; adaptabilit

Occupational diseases: a guide to their recognition

Revised edition."Occupational diseases are discussed in terms of occupational health hazards. The purpose of the text is to make available information needed for timely recognition of symptoms of occupational diseases. The text covers routes of entry and modes of action, biological hazards, dermatoses, diseases of the airways, plant and wood hazards, chemical hazards, chemical carcinogens, pesticides, and such physical hazards as radiation, atmospheric variations, and oscillatory vibrations. Sources of consultation and references are included." - NIOSHTIC-2Edition for 1964 by the Institute under its earlier name, Division of Occupational Health.editors, Marcus M. Key ... [et al.] manuscript editor, Lorice Ede.Includes index.Bibliography: p. 534-556