Table of contents and editorial information for Vol. 26, no. 2, Spring 1999

Table of contents and editorial information for Vol. 26, no. 2, Spring 1999, a theme issue on ESL (English as a Second Language

Central Florida Future, Vol. 06 No. 06, November 2, 1973

This is Vol. 06 No. 06, November 2, 1973 issue of Central Florida Future. Issue number was misprinted as Vol. 6 No. 5, October 26, 1973. Headlines: Four FTU coeds pursue title (Miss Orlando, with photo); Wine resolution passes; New rentention [retention] effort accents individual; Few rally for impeachment (with photo); Young people see WFTU; Basically baroque faculty music hailed; Editorial: Our responsibility coverage balance; Public Relations Club surveys community; Kid\u27s Halloween party hosted by residents; Deans award merit grants; Miracle worker opens FTU theatre season (with photo); Future Sports: Knights also defeats Stetson 3-1; Face FIU Thursday: Surprise! FTU over FSC, 1-0; TKE clips LXA for frat title; Pegasus pilot ready for competition.https://stars.library.ucf.edu/centralfloridafuture/1176/thumbnail.jp

Proposed statement on auditing standards and statement on standards for attestation engagements : amendments to statements on auditing standards and statements on standards for attestation engagements to incorporate the internal control-integrated framework report ;Amendments to statements on auditing standards and statements on standards for attestation engagements to incorporate the internal control-integrated framework report; Exposure draft (American Institute of Certified Public Accountants), 1995, Feb. 23

The Auditing Standards Board (ASB) is issuing this proposed statement on auditing standards (SAS) and statement on standards for attestation engagements (SSAE) to provide auditors1 with improved guidance on performing an audit of an entity\u27s financial statements and performing attestation services. The ASB is proposing changes to SAS No. 55, Consideration of the Internal Control Structure in a Financial Statement Audit (AICPA, Professional Standards, vol. 1, AU sec. 31 9), to replace the SAS No. 55 definition and description of the internal control structure with the definition and description in Internal Control — Integrated Framework, published by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO report). The ASB believes the COSO report rapidly is becoming a widely accepted framework for sound internal control among U.S. organizations and its acceptance and use will continue to grow. Therefore, the ASB believes it is appropriate to revise SAS No. 55 to incorporate the COSO report to provide timely and useful guidance to auditors. In addition, the ASB is proposing changes to SSAE No. 2, Reporting on an Entity\u27s Internal Control Structure Over Financial Reporting (AICPA, Professional Standards, vol. 1, AT sec. 400), to conform the description of elements of an entity\u27s internal control structure to the components of an internal control structure contained in the proposed amendment to SAS No. 55 and in the COSO report. This proposed Statement consists solely of amendments to existing statements. The proposed amendments are outlined in the following paragraphs. SAS No. 55, Consideration of the Internal Control Structure in a Financial Statement Audit (AICPA, Professional Standards, vol. 1, AU sec. 319.01, .02, .06 through .22, and .66 through .69) This proposed amendment would: 1. Replace the definition of the internal control structure in SAS No. 55 with the COSO report definition. 2. Replace the three elements of the internal control structure in SAS No. 55 with the five components in the COSO report. 3. Replace appendix A and delete appendixes B, C, and D of SAS No. 55. 4. Make editorial conforming changes for terminology throughout SAS No. 55. SSAE No. 2, Reporting on an Entity\u27s Internal Control Structure Over Financial Reporting (AICPA, Professional Standards, vol. 1, AT sec. 400.01, .12 through .16, .20, .26, and .27) This proposed amendment would: 1. Replace the three elements of the internal control structure with the five components of the internal control structure contained in the proposed amendment to SAS No. 55 and the COSO report. 2. Make editorial conforming changes throughout SSAE No. 2 to substitute components for elements. As a result of amending SAS No. 55 and SSAE No. 2 to incorporate the COSO report, as outlined above, this proposed Statement also includes amendments to: 1. SAS No. 70, Reports on the Processing of Transactions by Service Organizations (AICPA, Professional Standards, vol. 1, AU sec. 324.07, .26 and .42) 2. SAS No. 60, Communication of Internal Control Structure Related Matters Noted in an Audit (AICPA, Professional Standards, vol. 1, AU sec. 325.02 and .04) In addition, as a consequence of the foregoing changes to existing standards, the proposed Statement would require updating the guidance in the Audit Guide Consideration of the Internal Control Structure in a Financial Statement Audit and other audit and accounting guides that provide guidance on the internal control structure in audits of specific industries.https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_sop/1605/thumbnail.jp

Jefferson Medical College Alumni Bulletin–Vol. 3 No. 2 June, 1941

Table of contents – Vol. 3 No. 2 June, 1941 Henry Keller Mohler 1887-1941, Page 1 Dr. Mohler’s Last Message to the Alumni, Page 5 Dr. George A. Ulrich Portrait, Page 6 Departmental Activities, Page 8 Faculty Changes, Page 11 Library News, Page 11 Hospital Progress, Page 12 Editorial Notes, Page 14 The Alumni Jefferson Mid-Winter Smoker, Page 15 Dr. Edward L. Bauer President of the Alumni Association, Page 19 Activity of the Alumni, Page 20 Annual Alumni Dinner, Page 21 Alumni Endowment Fund, Page 22 Permanent Alumni Endowment Fund, Page 22 Cleveland A.M.A. Jefferson Alumni Dinner, Page 22 Program for Commencement Season, Page 23 June 5th – Alumni Day, Page 23 June 6th – Commencement Day, Page 23 Class Reunions, Page 24 Class News, Page 24 Endowed Room and Benevolence Fund, Page 26 38th General Hospital United States Army, Page 27 Deaths Reported During the Past Year, Page 2

Jefferson Medical College Alumni Bulletin–Vol. 4 No. 3, May 1949

Table of contents – Vol. 4 No. 3, May 1949 Editorial Notes, Inside Front Cover Portrait of Robert P. Hooper, Chairman Board of Trustees, Page 2 Board of Trustees Announces Changes in Organization, Page 3 Mr. Robert P. Hooper, Chairman of the Board of Trustees, Page 4 James Laurence Kauffman, Vice-Admiral U.S.N. (Ret.) President of the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia, Page 6 Hayward R. Hamrick, M.D., Vice-President, Page 10 Jefferson Endowments, Page 11 Contributions to the College, Page 12 Appointments and Resignations, Page 13 Student Admissions at Jefferson, Page 19 Facts Concerning Members of the Senior Class, Page 22 The New Obstetric Wing of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Page 26 The Fife-Hamill Memorial Health Center, Page 27 Radiation Therapy Consolidated Under Dr. Eberhard, Page 31 Department of Preventive Medicine, Page 32 Gastrointestinal Research, Page 33 Jefferson Society for Clinical Investigation, Page 34 Library News, Page 35 Thaddeus L. Montgomery, M.D., President, Alumni Association, Page 37 Portrait of Louis H. Clerf, M.D., LL.D., Page 39 Summary of Class Standings, Page 40 Annual Giving Fund Nears Finish, Exceeding $100,000, Page 42 Class Reunions, Page 43 The Rosenberger Memorial Fellowship Fund, Page 45 Summary of the Alumni Endowment Fund, Page 48 Branch Chapter News, Page 49 Other Meetings, page 50 Clinical Amphitheatre - Jefferson Hospital Ex-Internes and Ex-Residents\u27 Day, Page 51 Alumni Day Clinics, Page 52 Deaths Reported During the Past Year, Page 53 The Alumni Association of the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia Officers 1949-1950, Inside Rear Cove

Health promotion practice, research ethics and publishing in the Health Promotion Journal of Australia

Article > Contents Vol 26(3) Health promotion practice, research ethics and publishing in the Health Promotion Journal of Australia Stacy M. Carter A D, Annette Braunack-Mayer B and Jonine Jancey C A Centre for Values, Ethics and the Law in Medicine, Sydney School of Public Health, Medical Foundation Building K25, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. B School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Mail Drop DX 650207, SA 5005, Australia. C School of Public Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. D Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] Abstract PDF (58.8 KB) Export Citation Print ShareThis Health Promotion Journal of Australia 26(3) 167-169 http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/HEv26n3_ED2 Published: 21 December 2015 This special issue of the HPJA focuses on ethics in the context of health promotion practice. This editorial takes a narrower focus: the issue of Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) approval for health promotion research, evaluation and quality assurance (QA). We will focus on three papers in the special issue: each argue that those working in health promotion should consider ethics from the very beginning of their research, evaluation and/or QA activities. The first paper, by Ainsley Newson and Wendy Lipworth, is entitled ‘Why should ethics approval be required before publication of health promotion research?’ In it they argue that ‘journals should not, in general, publish articles with no ethics approval’, even if the findings are interesting or apparently important.1 The second paper, by Peter Sainsbury, is entitled ‘Development and oversight of ethical health promotion quality assurance and evaluation activities involving human participants’. In it he argues that the boundaries between research, evaluation and QA are not clear, and that all of these activities should be underpinned by research ethics principles and focus on the central issue of potential risk to participants.2 The final paper, a commentary by Judy Allen, reflects on the ethical dimensions of health promotion research and evaluation from the inside of an HREC.3SMC is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council Career Development Fellowship (1032963)

Identificación de las pérdidas y desperdicios en los eslabones de la cadena de valor del cacao en las provincias de Cotopaxi y Pastaza, Ecuador

In this article, we analyze the waste and losses in the links of the cocoa value chain in the provinces of Cotopaxi and Pastaza. To this aim, information on the volumes of cocoa production in each province was described. Subsequently, the impact of the 2020 pandemic on cocoa production was analyzed. For this,the Student's t contrast was applied to this variable in the aforementioned provinces. Finally, a description was made of the intensity with which waste and losses are generated in the main links corresponding to the value chain of cocoa production. It was determined that the links of collection and extraction of grains, as well as that of grafting, were the most representative in the waste of the value chain. In the same way, considerable losses were evidenced in the handling of the product and the pruning of diseases or pests. Keywords: Art, cocoa, value chain, product losses, waste. References [1]Sistema Nacional de Información, “Indicadores de cosecha y siembra,” Sistema Nacional de Información del Ecuador, June 2020. [2]C. Arévalo, E. Arévalo, F. Barraza, A. Farfán, Z. He, and V. Baligar, “Growth and nutritional responses of wild and domesticated cacao genotypes to soil Cd stress,” Sci. Total Environ., vol. 763, p. 144021, April 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144021. [3]J. Díaz, E. Varela, and J. Gil, “Livelihood strategies of cacao producers in Ecuador: Effects of national policies to support cacao farmers and specialty cacao landraces,” J. Rural Stud., vol. 63, pp. 141–156, August 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2018.08.004. [4]V. Barrera et al., La cadena de valor del cacao y el bienestar de los productores en la provincia de Manabí-Ecuador. Quito: ARCOIRIS Producciones Gráficas,May 2019. [5]C. Moreno, I. Molina, Z. Miranda, R. Moreno, and P. Moreno, “La Cadena de Valor de Cacao dn Ecuador: Una Propuesta de Estrategias para coadyuvar a la Sostenibilidad,”Bioagro, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 205–214, October 2020. [6]I. Cañadas, “Análisis de la cadena de suministro de cacao en el contexto de la Amazonia Ecuatoriana,” Rev.ECA Sinerg., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 17–28, March 2019,[Online]. Available: https://revistas.utm.edu.ec/index.php/ECASinergia/article/view/1483/1983. [7]Banco Central del Ecuador, “La pandemia incidió en el crecimiento 2020: la economía ecuatoriana decreció 7,8%,” March 2021. https://www.bce.fin.ec/index.php/boletines-de-prensa-archivo/item/1421-la-pandemia-incidio-en-el-crecimiento-2020-la-economia-ecuatoriana-decrecio-7-8 (accessed Oct. 18, 2021). [8]Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, La cadena de valor del cacao en América Latina y el Caribe. Quito, PI, Ecuador, October 2019. [9]M. Vassallo, “Diferenciación y agregado de valor en la cadena ecuatoriana del cacao,” Instituto de Altos Estudios Nacionales (IAEN), Quito, PI, Ecuador, 2015. [10]E. Chavez et al., “Concentration of cadmium in cacao beans and its relationship with soil cadmium in southern Ecuador,” Sci. Total Environ., vol. 533, pp. 205–214, November 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv. 2015.06.106. [11]C. Kilelu, L. Klerkx, A. Omore, I. Baltenweck, C.Leeuwis, and J. Githinji, “Value chain upgrading and the inclusion of smallholders in markets: reflections oncontributions of multi-stakeholder processes in dairy development in Tanzania,” Eur. J. Dev. Res., vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 1102–1121, January 2017, doi: 10.1057/s41287-016-0074-z. [12]J. Rodríguez, C. Giménez, and D. Arenas, “Cooperative initiatives with NGOs in socially sustainable supply chains: How is inter-organizational fit achieved?,”J. Clean. Prod., vol. 137, pp. 516–526, November 2016, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.07.115. [13]S. Dubey, R. Singh, S. Singh, A. Mishra, and N. Singh, “A brief study of value chain and supply chain,” no. September, pp. 177–183, 2020. [14]M. Mujica, A. Makhloufi, and P. Scala, “On the logistics of cocoa supply chain in Côte d’Ivoire: Simulation-based analysis,” Comput. Ind. Eng., vol. 137, no.September, p. 106034, November 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.cie.2019.106034. [15]J. Palomeque and J. Lalangui, “Propuesta de una ruta turística bananera en base a la historia regional, provincia El Oro, de Ecuador,” Rev. Científica Univ. ySoc., vol. 8, no. 3, p. 150, September 2016. [16]L. German, A. Bonanno, L. Foster, and L. Cotula,“‘Inclusive business’ in agriculture: Evidence from the evolution of agricultural value chains,” WorldDev., vol. 134, October 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105018. [17]S. Lyon, T. Mutersbaugh, and H. Worthen “Constructing the female coffee farmer: Do corporate smart-economic initiatives promote gender equitywithin agricultural value chains?,” Econ. Anthropol., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 34–47, March 2019, doi: 10.1002/sea2.12129. [18]I. Kahupi, C. Eiríkur, O. Okorie, and S. Millette, “Building competitive advantage with sustainable products – A case study perspective of stakeholders,”J. Clean. Prod., vol. 289, p. 125699, March 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125699. [19]C. Maney, M. Sassen, and S. Hill, “Modelling biodiversity responses to land use in areas of cocoa cultivation,” Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., vol. 324, no.September 2021, p. 107712, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2021.107712. [20]M. Calle and M. Mendieta, “Estructura de la cadena del valor del cacao en el cantón Santa Rosa,” Tesis de grado, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, AZ, Ecuador, 2014. [21]S. Barrezueta, W. Moreira, and C. Quezada, “Análisis del cacao y café ecuatoriano desde su cadena de valor,” Rev. Científica Agroecosistemas, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 7–17, December 2018, [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330520473_Analisis_del_cacao_y_cafe_ecuatoriano_desde_su_cadena_de_valor_en_el_periodo_2010-2015. [22]M. Torres et al., “Diversidad de Trichoderma en el agroecosistema cacao del estado de Tabasco, México,” Rev. Mex. Biodivers., vol. 86, no. 4, pp. 947–961, November 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.rmb.2015.07.012. [23] J. Zambrano and E. Chávez, Diagnóstico del estado del arte de la cadena de valor del cacao en América Latina y el Caribe. Quito: Instituto Nacional Autónomo de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP) de Ecuador, 2018. [24]F. Barraza et al., “Beyond cadmium accumulation: Distribution of other trace elements in soils and cacao beans in Ecuador,” Environ. Res., vol. 192, no. September 2020, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110241. [25]F. Barraza et al., “Cadmium bioaccumulation and gastric bioaccessibility in cacao: A field study in areas impacted by oil activities in Ecuador,” Environ. Pollut., vol. 229, pp. 950–963, December 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.080. [26]M. Tardzenyuy, Z. Jianguo, T. Akyene, and M. Mbuwel, “Improving cocoa beans value chain using a local convection dryer: A case study of Fako division Cameroon.,” Sci. African, vol. 8, p. e00343, July 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00343. [27]D. Argüello, E. Chavez, F. Lauryssen, R. Vanderschueren, E. Smolders, and D. Montalvo, “Soil properties and agronomic factors affecting cadmium concentrations in cacao beans: A nationwide survey in Ecuador,” Sci. Total Environ., vol. 649, pp. 120–127, February 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.292. [28]E. Arévalo et al., “Cacao agroforestry management systems effects on soil fungi diversity in the Peruvian Amazon,” Ecol. Indic., vol. 115, no. April, p. 106404, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106404. [29]J. Rodriguez and A. Pierdant, Estadística para administración. México D.F.: Grupo Editorial Patria, 2015. [30]Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería, “Productivo,” 2021. http://sipa.agricultura.gob.ec/index.php/sipa-estadisticas/estadisticas-productivas (accessed November 22, 2021). [31]J. Quito, “Biochar como enmienda edáfica para bajar los niveles de absorción de cadmio en Cacao (Theobroma Cacao L) Cultivar CCN-51,” Tesis de grado, Universidad Técnica de Machala, Machala, Ecuador, December 2020.      En el presente artículo se analizan los desperdicios y pérdidas en los eslabones de la cadena de valor del cacao en las provincias del Ecuador Cotopaxi y Pastaza. Para ello, se describieron los volúmenes de producción de cacao de cada provincia. Posteriormente, se analizó la afectación de la pandemia de 2020 en la producción. Para esto se aplicó el contraste T de Student, a dicha variable. Finalmente, se realizó una descripción de la intensidad con la que se generan los desperdicios y pérdidas en los principales eslabones de la cadena de valor de la producción cacaotera. Se determinó que los eslabones de recolección y extracción de granos, así como el de injertación fueron los de mayor representatividad en los desperdicios de la cadena de valor. De igual manera, se evidenciaron pérdidas considerables en el de manejo del producto y en la poda de las plantas por enfermedades o plagas. Palabras Clave: Cacao, cadena de valor, pérdidas, desperdicios Referencias [1]Sistema Nacional de Información, “Indicadores de cosecha y siembra,” Sistema Nacional de Información del Ecuador, June 2020. [2]C. Arévalo, E. Arévalo, F. Barraza, A. Farfán, Z. He, y V. Baligar, “Growth and nutritional responses of wild and domesticated cacao genotypes to soil Cd stress,” Sci. Total Environ., vol. 763, p. 144021, April 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144021. [3]J. Díaz, E. Varela, y J. Gil, “Livelihood strategies of cacao producers in Ecuador: Effects of national policies to support cacao farmers and specialty cacao landraces,” J. Rural Stud., vol. 63, pp. 141–156, August 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2018.08.004. [4]V. Barrera et al., La cadena de valor del cacao y el bienestar de los productores en la provincia de Manabí-Ecuador. Quito: ARCOIRIS Producciones Gráficas,May 2019. [5]C. Moreno, I. Molina, Z. Miranda, R. Moreno, y P. Moreno, “La Cadena de Valor de Cacao dn Ecuador: Una Propuesta de Estrategias para coadyuvar a la Sostenibilidad,”Bioagro, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 205–214, October 2020. [6]I. Cañadas, “Análisis de la cadena de suministro de cacao en el contexto de la Amazonia Ecuatoriana,” Rev.ECA Sinerg., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 17–28, March 2019,[Online]. Available: https://revistas.utm.edu.ec/index.php/ECASinergia/article/view/1483/1983. [7]Banco Central del Ecuador, “La pandemia incidió en el crecimiento 2020: la economía ecuatoriana decreció 7,8%,” March 2021. https://www.bce.fin.ec/index.php/boletines-de-prensa-archivo/item/1421-la-pandemia-incidio-en-el-crecimiento-2020-la-economia-ecuatoriana-decrecio-7-8 (accessed Oct. 18, 2021). [8]Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, La cadena de valor del cacao en América Latina y el Caribe. Quito, PI, Ecuador, October 2019. [9]M. Vassallo, “Diferenciación y agregado de valor en la cadena ecuatoriana del cacao,” Instituto de Altos Estudios Nacionales (IAEN), Quito, PI, Ecuador, 2015. [10]E. Chavez et al., “Concentration of cadmium in cacao beans and its relationship with soil cadmium in southern Ecuador,” Sci. Total Environ., vol. 533, pp. 205–214, November 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv. 2015.06.106. [11]C. Kilelu, L. Klerkx, A. Omore, I. Baltenweck, C.Leeuwis, y J. Githinji, “Value chain upgrading and the inclusion of smallholders in markets: reflections oncontributions of multi-stakeholder processes in dairy development in Tanzania,” Eur. J. Dev. Res., vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 1102–1121, January 2017, doi: 10.1057/s41287-016-0074-z. [12]J. Rodríguez, C. Giménez, y D. Arenas, “Cooperative initiatives with NGOs in socially sustainable supply chains: How is inter-organizational fit achieved?,”J. Clean. Prod., vol. 137, pp. 516–526, November 2016, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.07.115. [13]S. Dubey, R. Singh, S. Singh, A. Mishra, y N. Singh, “A brief study of value chain and supply chain,” no. September, pp. 177–183, 2020. [14]M. Mujica, A. Makhloufi, y P. Scala, “On the logistics of cocoa supply chain in Côte d’Ivoire: Simulation-based analysis,” Comput. Ind. Eng., vol. 137, no.September, p. 106034, November 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.cie.2019.106034. [15]J. Palomeque y J. Lalangui, “Propuesta de una ruta turística bananera en base a la historia regional, provincia El Oro, de Ecuador,” Rev. Científica Univ. ySoc., vol. 8, no. 3, p. 150, September 2016. [16]L. German, A. Bonanno, L. Foster, y L. Cotula,“‘Inclusive business’ in agriculture: Evidence from the evolution of agricultural value chains,” WorldDev., vol. 134, October 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105018. [17]S. Lyon, T. Mutersbaugh, y H. Worthen “Constructing the female coffee farmer: Do corporate smart-economic initiatives promote gender equitywithin agricultural value chains?,” Econ. Anthropol., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 34–47, March 2019, doi: 10.1002/sea2.12129. [18]I. Kahupi, C. Eiríkur, O. Okorie, y S. Millette, “Building competitive advantage with sustainable products – A case study perspective of stakeholders,”J. Clean. Prod., vol. 289, p. 125699, March 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125699. [19]C. Maney, M. Sassen, y S. Hill, “Modelling biodiversity responses to land use in areas of cocoa cultivation,” Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., vol. 324, no.September 2021, p. 107712, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2021.107712. [20]M. Calle y M. Mendieta, “Estructura de la cadena del valor del cacao en el cantón Santa Rosa,” Tesis de grado, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, AZ, Ecuador, 2014. [21]S. Barrezueta, W. Moreira, y C. Quezada, “Análisis del cacao y café ecuatoriano desde su cadena de valor,” Rev. Científica Agroecosistemas, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 7–17, December 2018, [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330520473_Analisis_del_cacao_y_cafe_ecuatoriano_desde_su_cadena_de_valor_en_el_periodo_2010-2015. [22]M. Torres et al., “Diversidad de Trichoderma en el agroecosistema cacao del estado de Tabasco, México,” Rev. Mex. Biodivers., vol. 86, no. 4, pp. 947–961, November 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.rmb.2015.07.012. [23] J. Zambrano y E. Chávez, Diagnóstico del estado del arte de la cadena de valor del cacao en América Latina y el Caribe. Quito: Instituto Nacional Autónomo de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP) de Ecuador, 2018. [24]F. Barraza et al., “Beyond cadmium accumulation: Distribution of other trace elements in soils and cacao beans in Ecuador,” Environ. Res., vol. 192, no. September 2020, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110241. [25]F. Barraza et al., “Cadmium bioaccumulation and gastric bioaccessibility in cacao: A field study in areas impacted by oil activities in Ecuador,” Environ. Pollut., vol. 229, pp. 950–963, December 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.080. [26]M. Tardzenyuy, Z. Jianguo, T. Akyene, y M. Mbuwel, “Improving cocoa beans value chain using a local convection dryer: A case study of Fako division Cameroon.,” Sci. African, vol. 8, p. e00343, July 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00343. [27]D. Argüello, E. Chavez, F. Lauryssen, R. Vanderschueren, E. Smolders, y D. Montalvo, “Soil properties and agronomic factors affecting cadmium concentrations in cacao beans: A nationwide survey in Ecuador,” Sci. Total Environ., vol. 649, pp. 120–127, February 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.292. [28]E. Arévalo et al., “Cacao agroforestry management systems effects on soil fungi diversity in the Peruvian Amazon,” Ecol. Indic., vol. 115, no. April, p. 106404, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106404. [29]J. Rodriguez y A. Pierdant, Estadística para administración. México D.F.: Grupo Editorial Patria, 2015. [30]Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería, “Productivo,” 2021. http://sipa.agricultura.gob.ec/index.php/sipa-estadisticas/estadisticas-productivas (accessed November 22, 2021). [31]J. Quito, “Biochar como enmienda edáfica para bajar los niveles de absorción de cadmio en Cacao (Theobroma Cacao L) Cultivar CCN-51,” Tesis de grado, Universidad Técnica de Machala, Machala, Ecuador, December 2020. &nbsp

The effect of essential oils on quality and mineral composition of eggshell

Received: 2016-07-18 | Accepted: 2016-10-26 | Available online: 2017-06-20http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/afz.2017.20.01.36-40The aim of study was to analyse the dietary effect of pumpkin and flaxseed oils on quality and mineral composition of laying hens eggshell.  At 38 weeks of age, Lohmann Brown Lite hens were housed in three-floor cages, divided into three dietary groups (C-control, E1-pumpkin oil (3 %), E2-flaxseed oil (3 %)). There were housed six hens in one cage. A total 18 hens were monitored. In the control group hens were fed with standard complete feed mixture for laying hens and in the experimental groups by feed mixtures with supplementation of pumpkin or flaxseed oils. Vitamin E was added into feed mixture in the experimental groups. The experiment lasted 52 days. Twelve eggs from each dietary treatment were randomly selected and analyzed. Significant (P < 0.05) differences between control and both experimental groups in eggshell strength and eggshell thickness were found. Pumpkin and flaxseed oil supplementations in feed ratio of layers had positive impact on quality of eggshell. As regards the mineral composition of eggshell, significantly (P ˂ 0.05) lower contents of magnesium, sodium, potassium and copper in experimental groups compared to the control were observed in eggshell. Significant (P ˂ 0.05) differences in content of calcium were detected only between E1 (pumpkin addition) and E2 (flaxseed addition).Keywords: eggshell, feed mixture, flaxseed oil, minerals, pumpkin oil References ANDJELKOVIC, M. et al. (2010) Phenolic compounds and some quality parameters of pumpkin seed oil. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, vol. 112, pp. 208-217. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.200900021AOAC. (2000). Official methods of analysis. Washington: Association of official analytical chemists.ARPÁŠOVÁ, H. et al. 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“El camino hacia el Santuario Incaico del Llullaillaco”: el complejo arqueológico más alto del mundo analizado a través de un SIG

[ES] Como aporte al estudio de la arqueología de alta montaña incaica realizamos prospecciones en la base, alturas intermedias y sectores cercanos al volcán Llullaillaco, para tratar de dilucidar las vías recorridas por los antiguos adoradores para la llegada al macizo. A través de una plataforma SIG realizamos un análisis de distribución con el objetivo de buscar patrones identificables de ocupación del terreno. Como corolario, pudimos determinar que los sitios arqueológicos reconocidos en nuestras tareas de campo y los propios del complejo Llullaillaco se ubican en el camino óptimo de acercamiento al volcán y ascenso a la cima.[EN] As a contribution to the high altitude Inca archaeology we made surveys in the base, intermediate heights and the surroundings of the Llullaillaco volcano, with the purpose of elucidating the paths followed by the ancient worshippers in their approachment to the shrine. Through a GIS platform we made a distributional analysis in order to find a terrain occupational pattern. As a result, we determined that the archaeological sites that were found in our surveys and the ones that form the Llullaillaco complex are located along the optimal path for approaching and ascending to the summit.Quiero agradecer al Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET) de Argentina por el financiamiento del doctorado al cual estas investigaciones corresponden; especialmente al Dr. J. Roberto Bárcena por aceptar ser el director del mismo y por su apoyo constante y generoso para su avance; a la Lic. Marynka Núñez Srýtr y a la Msc. Cecilia Sanhueza por incorporarme generosamente a sus “expediciones al Despoblado” y compartir muchas de sus ideas e impresiones.Mignone, P. (2015). “El camino hacia el Santuario Incaico del Llullaillaco”: el complejo arqueológico más alto del mundo analizado a través de un SIG. 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