112 research outputs found
An Integral Battery Charger with Power Factor Correction for Electric Scooter
This paper presents an integral battery charger for an electric scooter with high voltage batteries and interior-permanent-magnet motor traction drive. The battery charger is derived from the power hardware of the scooter, with the ac motor drive that operates as three-phase boost rectifier with power factor correction capability. The control of the charger is also integrated into the scooter control firmware that is implemented on a fixed-point DSP controller. Current-controlled or voltage-controlled charge modes are actuated according to the requirements of the battery management system, that is embedded into the battery pack. With respect to previous integrated chargers, the ac current is absorbed at unitary power factor with no harmonic distortion. Moreover, no additional filtering is needed since the pulsewidth modulation ripple is minimized by means of phase interleaving. The feasibility of the integral charger with different ac motors (induction motor, surface-mounted phase modulation motor) is also discussed, by means of a general model purposely developed for three-phase ac machines. The effectiveness of the proposed battery charger is experimentally demonstrated on a prototype electric scooter, equipped with two Li-ion battery packs rated 260 V, 20 A
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Auto-tuning of Digitally Controlled Single-Phase Low Harmonic Rectifiers and Inverters
Effective power transfer has been one of the main issues in power electronics. In particular, low-harmonic alternating current (AC) shaping is required by various regulations at the interface between AC power grid and direct current (DC) loads or sources,. In order to meet rapidly evolving efficiency standards and environmental concerns, intelligent AC current shaping strategies are required. In the power converter stage, however, inherent uncertainties caused by passive component tolerances and changes in operating conditions may impair the control loop stability, while mis-detection of operating modes over wide load range aggravates the situation further. This thesis introduces an auto-tuning technique in digitally controlled single-phase AC-DC rectifiers and DC-AC inverters. The approach is capable of precise on-line estimation of the power stage passive component values. The control loop compensator parameters are modified adaptively to maintain the nominal stability margins and control loop bandwidth based on the estimated component values. Furthermore, accurate continuous conduction mode (CCM) and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) boundary detection is achieved as a result of the tuning process, without the need for additional circuitry. Implementation of the tuning approach is relatively simple. The proposed tuning approach is verified on experimental AC-DC and DC-AC prototypes
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