2,880 research outputs found
Fluctuations and correlations in population models with age structure
We study the population profile in a simple discrete time model of population
dynamics. Our model, which is closely related to certain ``bit-string'' models
of evolution, incorporates competition for resources via a population dependent
death probability, as well as a variable reproduction probability for each
individual as a function of age. We first solve for the steady-state of the
model in mean field theory, before developing analytic techniques to compute
Gaussian fluctuation corrections around the mean field fixed point. Our
computations are found to be in good agreement with Monte-Carlo simulations.
Finally we discuss how similar methods may be applied to fluctuations in
continuous time population models.Comment: 4 page
Geometry, Scaling and Universality in the Mass Distributions in Heavy Ion Collisions
Various features of the mass yields in heavy ion collisions are studied. The
mass yields are discussed in terms of iterative one dimensional discrete maps.
These maps are shown to produce orbits for a monomer or for a nucleus which
generate the mass yields and the distribution of cluster sizes. Simple
Malthusian dynamics and non-linear Verhulst dynamics are used to illustrate the
approach. Nuclear cobwebbing, attractors of the dynamics, and Lyapanov
exponents are discussed for the mass distribution. The self-similar property of
the Malthusian orbit offers a new variable for the study of scale invariance
using power moments of the mass distribution. Correlation lengths, exponents
and dimensions associated with scaling relations are developed. Fourier
transforms of the mass distribution are used to obtain power spectra which are
investigated for a behavior.Comment: 29 pages in REVTEX, 9 figures (available from the authors), RU-92-0
Bifurcation sequences in the symmetric 1:1 Hamiltonian resonance
We present a general review of the bifurcation sequences of periodic orbits
in general position of a family of resonant Hamiltonian normal forms with
nearly equal unperturbed frequencies, invariant under
symmetry. The rich structure of these classical systems is investigated with
geometric methods and the relation with the singularity theory approach is also
highlighted. The geometric approach is the most straightforward way to obtain a
general picture of the phase-space dynamics of the family as is defined by a
complete subset in the space of control parameters complying with the symmetry
constraint. It is shown how to find an energy-momentum map describing the phase
space structure of each member of the family, a catastrophe map that captures
its global features and formal expressions for action-angle variables. Several
examples, mainly taken from astrodynamics, are used as applications.Comment: 36 pages, 10 figures, accepted on International Journal of
Bifurcation and Chaos. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with
arXiv:1401.285
Survival of small populations under demographic stochasticity
We estimate the mean time to extinction of small populations in an environment with constant carrying capacity but under stochastic demography. In particular, we investigate the interaction of stochastic variation in fecundity and sex ratio under several different schemes of density dependent population growth regimes. The methods used include Markov chain theory, Monte Carlo simulations, and numerical simulations based on Markov chain theory. We find a strongly enhanced extinction risk if stochasticity in sex ratio and fluctuating population size act simultaneously as compared to the case where each mechanism acts alone. The distribution of extinction times deviates slightly from a geometric one, in particular for short extinction times. We also find that whether maximization of intrinsic growth rate decreases the risk of extinction or not depends strongly on the population regulation mechanism. If the population growth regime reduces populations above the carrying capacity to a size below the carrying capacity for large r (overshooting) then the extinction risk increases if the growth rate deviates from an optimal r-value
Formal expansion method for solving an electrical circuit model
We investigate the validity of the formal expansion method for solving a second order ordinary differential equation raised from an electrical circuit problem. The formal expansion method approximates the exact solution using a series of solutions. An approximate formal expansion solution is a truncated version of this series. In this paper, we confirm using simulations that the approximate formal expansion solution is valid for a specific interval of domain of the free variable. The accuracy of the formal expansion approximation is guaranteed on the time-scale 1
Marketing Percolation
A percolation model is presented, with computer simulations for
illustrations, to show how the sales of a new product may penetrate the
consumer market. We review the traditional approach in the marketing
literature, which is based on differential or difference equations similar to
the logistic equation (Bass 1969). This mean field approach is contrasted with
the discrete percolation on a lattice, with simulations of "social percolation"
(Solomon et al 2000) in two to five dimensions giving power laws instead of
exponential growth, and strong fluctuations right at the percolation threshold.Comment: to appear in Physica
On the detuned 2:4 resonance
We consider families of Hamiltonian systems in two degrees of freedom with an
equilibrium in 1:2 resonance. Under detuning, this "Fermi resonance" typically
leads to normal modes losing their stability through period-doubling
bifurcations. For cubic potentials this concerns the short axial orbits and in
galactic dynamics the resulting stable periodic orbits are called "banana"
orbits. Galactic potentials are symmetric with respect to the co-ordinate
planes whence the potential -- and the normal form -- both have no cubic terms.
This -symmetry turns the 1:2 resonance into a
higher order resonance and one therefore also speaks of the 2:4 resonance. In
this paper we study the 2:4 resonance in its own right, not restricted to
natural Hamiltonian systems where would consist of kinetic and
(positional) potential energy. The short axial orbit then turns out to be
dynamically stable everywhere except at a simultaneous bifurcation of banana
and "anti-banana" orbits, while it is now the long axial orbit that loses and
regains stability through two successive period-doubling bifurcations.Comment: 31 pages, 7 figures: On line first on Journal of Nonlinear Science
(2020
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