Diagnosis of power switches with power-distribution-network consideration

This paper examines diagnosis of power switches when the power-distribution-network (PDN) is considered as a high resolution distributed electrical model. The analysis shows that for a diagnosis method to perform high diagnosis accuracy and resolution, the distributed nature of PDN should not be simplified by a lumped model. For this reason, a PDN-aware diagnosis method for power switches fault grading is proposed. The proposed method utilizes a novel signature generation design-for-testability (DFT) unit, the signatures of which are processed by a novel diagnosis algorithm that grades the magnitude of faults. Through simulations of physical layout SPICE models, we explore the trade-offs of the proposed method between diagnosis accuracy and diagnosis resolution against area overhead and we show that 100% diagnosis accuracy and up to 98% diagnosis resolution can be achieved with negligible cost

A modular neural network scheme applied to fault diagnosis in electric power systems

This work proposes a new method for fault diagnosis in electric power systems based on neural modules. With this method the diagnosis is performed by assigning a neural module for each type of component comprising the electric power system, whether it is a transmission line, bus or transformer.The neural modules for buses and transformers comprise two diagnostic levels which take into consideration the logic states of switches and relays, both internal and back-up, with the exception of the neural module for transmission lines which also has a third diagnostic level which takes into account the oscillograms of fault voltages and currents as well as the frequency spectrums of these oscillograms, in order to verify if the transmission line had in fact been subjected to a fault. One important advantage of the diagnostic system proposed is that its implementation does not require the use of a network configurator for the system; it does not depend on the size of the power network nor does it require retraining of the neural modules if the power network increases in size, making its application possible to only one component, a specific area, or the whole context of the power system.Flores, A.; Quiles Cucarella, E.; García Moreno, E.; Morant Anglada, FJ.; Correcher Salvador, A. (2014). A modular neural network scheme applied to fault diagnosis in electric power systems. Scientific World Journal. 2014:1-13. doi:10.1155/2014/176463S1132014Yongli, Z., Limin, H., & Jinling, L. (2006). Bayesian Networks-Based Approach for Power Systems Fault Diagnosis. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 21(2), 634-639. doi:10.1109/tpwrd.2005.858774Aggarwal, R., & Song, Y. (1997). Artificial neural networks in power systems. Part 1: General introduction to neural computing. Power Engineering Journal, 11(3), 129-134. doi:10.1049/pe:19970306Faria, L., Silva, A., Vale, Z., & Marques, A. (2009). Training Control Centers’ Operators in Incident Diagnosis and Power Restoration Using Intelligent Tutoring Systems. IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, 2(2), 135-147. doi:10.1109/tlt.2009.16Rigatos, G., Piccolo, A., & Siano, P. (2009). Neural network-based approach for early detection of cascading events in electric power systems. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 3(7), 650-665. doi:10.1049/iet-gtd.2008.0475Guo, W., Wen, F., Ledwich, G., Liao, Z., He, X., & Liang, J. (2010). An Analytic Model for Fault Diagnosis in Power Systems Considering Malfunctions of Protective Relays and Circuit Breakers. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 25(3), 1393-1401. doi:10.1109/tpwrd.2010.2048344Ravikumar, B., Thukaram, D., & Khincha, H. P. (2008). Application of support vector machines for fault diagnosis in power transmission system. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 2(1), 119. doi:10.1049/iet-gtd:20070071Aggarwal, R., & Yonghua Song. (1998). Artificial neural networks in power systems. Part 2: Types of artificial neural networks. Power Engineering Journal, 12(1), 41-47. doi:10.1049/pe:19980110Salim, R. H., de Oliveira, K., Filomena, A. D., Resener, M., & Bretas, A. S. (2008). Hybrid Fault Diagnosis Scheme Implementation for Power Distribution Systems Automation. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 23(4), 1846-1856. doi:10.1109/tpwrd.2008.91791

High quality testing of grid style power gating

This paper shows that existing delay-based testing techniques for power gating exhibit fault coverage loss due to unconsidered delays introduced by the structure of the virtual voltage power-distribution-network (VPDN). To restore this loss, which could reach up to 70.3% on stuck-open faults, we propose a design-for-testability (DFT) logic that considers the impact of VPDN on fault coverage in order to constitute the proper interface between the VPDN and the DFT. The proposed logic can be easily implemented on-top of existing DFT solutions and its overhead is optimized by an algorithm that offers trade-off flexibility between test-application-time and hardware overhead. Through physical layout SPICE simulations, we show complete fault coverage recovery on stuck-open faults and 43.2% test-application-time improvement compared to a previously proposed DFT technique. To the best of our knowledge, this paper presents the first analysis of the VPDN impact on test qualit

Space station automation of common module power management and distribution

The purpose is to automate a breadboard level Power Management and Distribution (PMAD) system which possesses many functional characteristics of a specified Space Station power system. The automation system was built upon 20 kHz ac source with redundancy of the power buses. There are two power distribution control units which furnish power to six load centers which in turn enable load circuits based upon a system generated schedule. The progress in building this specified autonomous system is described. Automation of Space Station Module PMAD was accomplished by segmenting the complete task in the following four independent tasks: (1) develop a detailed approach for PMAD automation; (2) define the software and hardware elements of automation; (3) develop the automation system for the PMAD breadboard; and (4) select an appropriate host processing environment

Diagnostic Applications for Micro-Synchrophasor Measurements

This report articulates and justifies the preliminary selection of diagnostic applications for data from micro-synchrophasors (µPMUs) in electric power distribution systems that will be further studied and developed within the scope of the three-year ARPA-e award titled Micro-synchrophasors for Distribution Systems

Space station automation of common module power management and distribution, volume 2

The new Space Station Module Power Management and Distribution System (SSM/PMAD) testbed automation system is described. The subjects discussed include testbed 120 volt dc star bus configuration and operation, SSM/PMAD automation system architecture, fault recovery and management expert system (FRAMES) rules english representation, the SSM/PMAD user interface, and the SSM/PMAD future direction. Several appendices are presented and include the following: SSM/PMAD interface user manual version 1.0, SSM/PMAD lowest level processor (LLP) reference, SSM/PMAD technical reference version 1.0, SSM/PMAD LLP visual control logic representation's (VCLR's), SSM/PMAD LLP/FRAMES interface control document (ICD) , and SSM/PMAD LLP switchgear interface controller (SIC) ICD

Practical applications of multi-agent systems in electric power systems

The transformation of energy networks from passive to active systems requires the embedding of intelligence within the network. One suitable approach to integrating distributed intelligent systems is multi-agent systems technology, where components of functionality run as autonomous agents capable of interaction through messaging. This provides loose coupling between components that can benefit the complex systems envisioned for the smart grid. This paper reviews the key milestones of demonstrated agent systems in the power industry and considers which aspects of agent design must still be addressed for widespread application of agent technology to occur

Measurements, Models, Systems and Design

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On-board B-ISDN fast packet switching architectures. Phase 2: Development. Proof-of-concept architecture definition report

For the next-generation packet switched communications satellite system with onboard processing and spot-beam operation, a reliable onboard fast packet switch is essential to route packets from different uplink beams to different downlink beams. The rapid emergence of point-to-point services such as video distribution, and the large demand for video conference, distributed data processing, and network management makes the multicast function essential to a fast packet switch (FPS). The satellite's inherent broadcast features gives the satellite network an advantage over the terrestrial network in providing multicast services. This report evaluates alternate multicast FPS architectures for onboard baseband switching applications and selects a candidate for subsequent breadboard development. Architecture evaluation and selection will be based on the study performed in phase 1, 'Onboard B-ISDN Fast Packet Switching Architectures', and other switch architectures which have become commercially available as large scale integration (LSI) devices