Data Acquisition Applications

Data acquisition systems have numerous applications. This book has a total of 13 chapters and is divided into three sections: Industrial applications, Medical applications and Scientific experiments. The chapters are written by experts from around the world, while the targeted audience for this book includes professionals who are designers or researchers in the field of data acquisition systems. Faculty members and graduate students could also benefit from the book

Data fusion strategies to combine sensor and multivariate model outputs for multivariate statistical process control

Process analytical technologies (PAT) applied to process monitoring and control generally provide multiple outputs that can come from different sensors or from different model outputs generated from a single multivariate sensor. This paper provides a contribution to current data fusion strategies for the combination of sensor and/or model outputs in the development of multivariate statistical process control (MSPC) models. Data fusion is explored through three real process examples combining output from multivariate models coming from the same sensor uniquely (in the near-infrared (NIR)-based end point detection of a two-stage polyester production process) or the combination of these outputs with other process variable sensors (using NIR-based model outputs and temperature values in the end point detection of a fluidized bed drying process and in the on-line control of a distillation process). The three examples studied show clearly the flexibility in the choice of model outputs (e.g. key properties prediction by multivariate calibration, process profiles issued from a multivariate resolution method) and the benefit of using MSPC models based on fused information including model outputs towards those based on raw single sensor outputs for both process control and diagnostic and interpretation of abnormal process situations. The data fusion strategy proposed is of general applicability for any analytical or bioanalytical process that produces several sensor and/or model outputs

Real-time monitoring and control of the specific growth rate in yeast fed-batch cultures based on process analytical technology tools such as biocalorimetry or spectroscopy

Key features of bioprocesses, such as product quantity and quality, but also cell physiology can be related to the growth characteristics of the organism under study. The specific growth rate, a key variable, cannot be measured directly, but might be estimated and inferred from other measurable variables such as biomass, substrate or product concentrations. The present thesis reviews techniques for real-time estimation and control of the specific growth rate in microbial fed-batch cultures by focusing on its importance in the development of processes for the production of high-value products such as recombinant proteins. Existing models and monitoring techniques are discussed before comparing two particular approaches, developed within the scope of this thesis, to estimate the biomass concentration and the specific growth rate of yeast cells in real-time, based on spectroscopic methods on the one hand and on heat flow measurements on the other. Particular emphasis is given to changes that need to be undertaken when adapting the initial strategy, developed for a process with Kluyveromyces marxianus, to different type of yeast cells such as Candida utilis or Pichia pastoris or Saccharomyces cerevisiae. For both control strategies, controller errors of less than 20 % were achieved, allowing ton control the specific growth rate of the four different yeast strains at a constant setpoint

Space transportation system and associated payloads: Glossary, acronyms, and abbreviations

A collection of some of the acronyms and abbreviations now in everyday use in the shuttle world is presented. It is a combination of lists that were prepared at Marshall Space Flight Center and Kennedy and Johnson Space Centers, places where intensive shuttle activities are being carried out. This list is intended as a guide or reference and should not be considered to have the status and sanction of a dictionary

Research and technology, 1992

Selected research and technology activities at Ames Research Center, including the Moffett Field site and the Dryden Flight Research Facility, are summarized. These activities exemplify the Center's varied and productive research efforts for 1992

Microorganisms’ discrimination using an electronic nose-chemometric approach

Mestrado de dupla diplomação com a Université Libre de TunisThe detection/identification of microorganisms is of major relevance for food quality and safety. Traditional analytical procedures (e.g., culture methods, immunological techniques, and polymerase chain reaction), while accurate and widely used, are time-consuming, costly, and generate a large amount of waste. Sensor-based instruments have evolved as quicker and sensitive complementary identification tools for yeasts, bacteria and fungi. Electronic noses (E-noses), in combination with chemometrics, have been effectively employed for the detection/discrimination of different microorganisms, providing a green, quick, cost-effective, and non-destructive/non-invasive assessment. The successful use of the E-noses may be related to the generation of distinctive olfactory fingerprints of certain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the microorganism's growth. These devices have already been used to detect/discriminate fungi and bacteria (e.g.,Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), namely in milk, juice, soups,goat and pork meat,fruits and vegetables. Thus, a lab-made E-nose, with nine metal oxide semiconductor sensors, was applied to detect, differentiate, andquantify four common food contamination/quality indicator bacteria, including two Gram positive (E. faecalisand S. aureus) and two Gram negative (E. coli and P. aeruginosa). Besides, to support the E-nose performance the volatile profiles generated by these bacteria were also assessed by headspace solid-phase micro extraction gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry. The volatile profiles comprised 15 identified VOCs, being 10 of them emitted by at least one of the four bacteria evaluated, namely two alcohols (1-butanol, and 1-nonanol), three pyrazines (2-ethyl-6-methyl-pyrazine, 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethylpyrazine,and trimethylpyrazine), three terpenes (camphene, D-limonene, and ƒÒ-pinene), and two other compounds (2,4-thujadiene and indole). The four bacteria could be distinguished using the electrical resistance signals produced by the E-nose in combination with linear discriminate analysis (90% of correct classifications for leave-one-out cross-validation). Additionally, multiple linear regression models, with root mean square errors lower than 4 colony forming units, were successfully established (0.9428 . R2.0.9946). Overall, the E-nose proved to be an effective qualitative-quantitative tool for analyzing bacteria in solid matrices, being foreseen it possible application to solid food matrices.A deteccao/identificacao de microorganismos e de grande relevancia para a qualidade e seguranca dos alimentos. Os procedimentos analiticos tradicionais (por exemplo, metodos de cultura, tecnicas imunologicas e reacao em cadeia de polimerase), embora precisos e amplamente utilizados, sao demorados, dispendiosos e geram uma grande quantidade de residuos. Os instrumentos baseados em sensores evoluiram como ferramentas de identificacao complementares mais rapidas e sensiveis para leveduras, bacterias e fungos. Os narizes eletronicos, em combinacao com a quimetria, foram efetivamente empregados para a deteccao/discriminacao de diferentes microorganismos, proporcionando uma avaliacao verde, rapida, economica e nao destrutiva/nao invasiva. O uso bem-sucedido dos E-noses pode estar relacionado a geracao de impressoes olfativas distintivas de certos compostos organicos volateis (VOCs) durante o crescimento do microorganismo. Estes dispositivos ja foram usados para detectar/discriminar fungos e bacterias (por exemplo, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), nomeadamente no leite, suco, sopas, carne de cabra e de porco, frutas e legumes. Assim, um E-nose feito em laboratorio, com nove sensores semicondutores de oxido de metal, foi aplicado para detectar, diferenciar e quantificar quatro bacterias comuns de contaminacao alimentar / indicador de qualidade, incluindo duas Gram positivas (E. faecalis e S. aureus) e duas Gram negativas. (E. coli and P. aeruginosa). Alem disso, para apoiar o desempenho do nariz E, os perfis volateis gerados por essas bacterias tambem foram avaliados por micro-espectrometria de extraccao de gas-cromatografia-massa de fase solida.Os perfis Volateis consistiam em 15 VOCs identificados, sendo 10 deles emitidos por pelo menos uma das quatro bacterias avaliadas, ou seja, dois alcoois (1-butanol e 1-nonanol), tres pirazinas (2-etil-6-metil-pirazina, 3-etil-2,5-dimetilpyrazina, e trimethylpyrazine), tres terpenos (hcampene, D-limonene e-pinene), e outros dois compostos. (2,4-thujadiene and indole). As quatro bacterias poderiam ser distinguidas usando os sinais de resistencia eletrica produzidos pelo E-nose em combinacao com a analise discriminante linear (90% das classificacoes corretas para a validacao cruzada de abandono-um-out). Alem disso, foram estabelecidos com sucesso multiplos modelos de regressao linear, com erros medios do quadrado raiz inferiores a 4 unidades de formacao de colonia (0,9428 . R2.0,9946). No geral, o E-nose provou ser uma ferramenta qualitativa-quantitativa eficaz para analisar bacterias em matrizes solidas, prevendo-se a possivel aplicacao a matrizs de alimentos solidos

NASA SBIR abstracts of 1992, phase 1 projects

The objectives of 346 projects placed under contract by the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) are described. These projects were selected competitively from among proposals submitted to NASA in response to the 1992 SBIR Program Solicitation. The basic document consists of edited, non-proprietary abstracts of the winning proposals submitted by small businesses. The abstracts are presented under the 15 technical topics within which Phase 1 proposals were solicited. Each project was assigned a sequential identifying number from 001 to 346, in order of its appearance in the body of the report. Appendixes to provide additional information about the SBIR program and permit cross-reference of the 1992 Phase 1 projects by company name, location by state, principal investigator, NASA Field Center responsible for management of each project, and NASA contract number are included

Integrative Advances in Rice Research

This book describes some recent advances in rice research in terms of crop breeding and improvement (Section 1), crop production and protection (Section 2), and crop quality control and food processing (Section 3). It contains fourteen chapters that cover such topics as two-line rice breeding in India, the different aspects of aromatic rice, bacterial diseases of rice, quality control and breeding strategies, and much more. This volume is a useful reference for professionals and graduate students working in all areas of rice science and technology

Large space structures and systems in the space station era: A bibliography with indexes (supplement 05)

Bibliographies and abstracts are listed for 1363 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system between January 1, 1991 and July 31, 1992. Topics covered include technology development and mission design according to system, interactive analysis and design, structural and thermal analysis and design, structural concepts and control systems, electronics, advanced materials, assembly concepts, propulsion and solar power satellite systems

Fungi and Fungal Metabolites for the Improvement of Human and Animal Nutrition and Health

The purpose of this book was not to provide a comprehensive overview of the vast arena of how fungi and fungal metabolites are able to improve human and animal nutrition and health; rather, we, as Guest Editors, wished to encourage authors working in this field to publish their most recent work in this rapidly growing journal in order for the large readership to appreciate the full potential of wonderful and beneficial fungi. Thus, this Special Issue welcomed scientific contributions on applications of fungi and fungal metabolites, such as bioactive fatty acids, pigments, polysaccharides, alkaloids, terpenoids, etc., with great potential in human and animal nutrition and health