INNOVATIVE PRODUCT DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABILITY ENHANCEMENT IN ALUMINUM BEVERAGE CANS BASED ON DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABILITY CONCEPTS

A new methodology for innovative product development based on the application of sustainability principles for the entire life-cycle of a product and beyond is developed. This involves an analysis of multi-life cycle material flow leading towards perpetual life products, making it truly sustainable. In order to achieve the function of such a sustainable product, it has to fulfill the concept of 6R (Recover, Reuse, Recycle, Redesign, Reduce and Remanufacture), which are composed of 6 stages of material flow in a products life, as opposed to the traditional 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recover) concept. We apply the 6R concept in designing a new aluminum beverage can with much enhanced sustainability factors, especially in recycling processes

A NEW METRIC-BASED LCA METHOD FOR ASSESSING THE SUSTAINABILITY PERFORMANCE OF METALLIC AUTOMOTIVE COMPONENTS

This thesis presents a new metric-based Life-cycle Assessment (LCA) method for assessing the sustainability performance of metallic automotive components. The unique feature of this research work include the development and use of a metrics-based product sustainability index (ProdSI) methodology by considering the total life-cycle approach and the triple bottom line (TBL) with the 6R methodology. It has been shown that the manufactured product’s sustainability performance can be comprehensively assessed using this new methodology. The major focus of this research is the integration of the 6R activities (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Recover, Redesign and Remanufacture). Four life-cycle stages of the product, with various end-of-life (EOL) product scenarios, are modeled and analyzed. These scenarios include: reuse, remanufacturing, and recycling the products at EOL. Furthermore, a new mathematical model is developed and presented to determine the optimum percentage mix for various product EOL strategic options. By using the 6R methodology, the overall product sustainability was significantly improved. This improvement was quantitatively assessed by computing the ProdSI score. Ultimately, this research shows that a closed-loop material flow can be achieved

Exploring reuse spaces of web services and contents

Development of commercial web systems is laborious, lengthy and costly. This is partly due to the fact that the methods of their development can hardly cope with the complexity of provided services. Such services may need to be distributed and collaborative, require sophisticated software architecture, be rich in f rm, c ntent and interactivity, and have a wide range f p tentially casual users. T impr ve this situati n, the auth rs pr p se a reuse space analysis (RSA) appr ach t web devel pment. Our appr ach f cuses n capturing d main and devel pment experience f all system stakeh lders and subsequently using this experience in making inf rmed design and reuse decisi ns acr ss the devel pment life cycle. As a result we managed t seamlessly integrate design and reuse processes, and reaching the balance between the development cost, system function and its quality

Implementation Challenges to the Adaptive Reuse of a Heritage Building in Tirana, Albania

The present paper focuses on the adaptive reuse of Selim Pashe Toptani Sarajev, a monumental building related to the creation history, ownership and administration of Tirana. The adaptive reuse of the buildings contributes to the sustainability of the urban generation, as it extends the life cycle of the buildings, avoids demolition waste, encourages energy efficient solutions and provides significant social and economic benefits to the society. Firstly, the study begins with an in-depth literature review of the factors that contribute to the goal of sustainable development in the conservation of built heritage. More importantly, this paper examines the challenges in incorporating a sustainability framework into adaptive reuse of the building. The authors stress that the framework for achieving sustainable, low carbon adaptive reuse should be viewed more holistically, integrating social, economic, environmental, urban and political policies

Sustainable Design Process and Factors Considered for Product Service System

"Sustainability" is apparently reflected in corporate management and product development. Technology development and industrial revolution not only provide human beings luxury living quality but also causes global environmental problems and natural resources crisis on earth. Therefore, quite a few environmental protection policies in the world have been made. "Reduce, reuse and recycle" definitely becomes a new life trend. Under this circumstance, Product Service System (PSS) is a new way to satisfy the customers' needs by means of a complete process in products and services. It can make resource usage become a closed loop, thus reducing total product quantity and enhancing resource usage sufficiency. PSS has a characteristic of lower environmental impacts. Therefore, the author incorporates the concept of PSS into sustainable design strategy. This study first utilizes Analytic Network Process (ANP) to analyze both service categories from PSS and ranking priority of life cycle structure to be the foundation of sustainable design. Secondly, this study adopts Modified Delphi?MD?method to inspect the sustainable design factors considered for the application of PSS on case study. Furthermore, the author develops evaluation guidance and check list to make sure the target achievement of product sustainable design. Finally, this research accomplishes an applied process of PSS's sustainable design. By employing PSS on sustainable design, the study improves the impact of product life cycle on environmental quality. As a result, this study provides the PSS's design factors considered of sustainable products for corporations, and supplies a continuous service to create an operation mechanism with higher profit and lower risk as well

Object linking in repositories

This topic is covered in three sections. The first section explores some of the architectural ramifications of extending the Eichmann/Atkins lattice-based classification scheme to encompass the assets of the full life cycle of software development. A model is considered that provides explicit links between objects in addition to the edges connecting classification vertices in the standard lattice. The second section gives a description of the efforts to implement the repository architecture using a commercially available object-oriented database management system. Some of the features of this implementation are described, and some of the next steps to be taken to produce a working prototype of the repository are pointed out. In the final section, it is argued that design and instantiation of reusable components have competing criteria (design-for-reuse strives for generality, design-with-reuse strives for specificity) and that providing mechanisms for each can be complementary rather than antagonistic. In particular, it is demonstrated how program slicing techniques can be applied to customization of reusable components

Environmental assessment of industrial production of microalgal biodiesel in central-south Chile

Biofuels from microalgae have the potential to replace fossil fuels, without competing with other products derived from crops. This study aims to perform a cradle-to-gate Life Cycle Assessment of the industrial production of microalgal biodiesel, using an autochthonous Chilean Phaeodactylum tricornutum strain, considering 1 MJ of biodiesel as the functional unit. For the compilation of the Life Cycle Inventory, real experimental data were obtained from the pilot-scale cultivation in a photobioreactor (PBR) module located in the city of Concepción, in Chile. The scale-up to the industrial plant considers that PBR modules are of the same size as those used in the pilot-scale. The Life Cycle Impacts Analysis considered the ReCiPe 2016 Endpoint (H) V1.00 method. Results show that the whole process contributes to a total of 5.74 kgCO2eq per MJ of biodiesel produced. PBR construction materials and energy consumption are the main contributors to the life cycle environmental impacts. The sensitivity analysis shows that energy consumption, water reuse and transportation distance of seawater from ocean to the industrial plant are the critical parameters that most affect the overall environmental performance of the system. The rate of water reuse is particularly critical to the global warming potential. Results also show that the valorization of co-products is an important aspect to improve the environmental performance of microalgal biodiesel production. Therefore, this study supports the decision-making process in biofuel production to promote the development of sustainable pilot and large-scale algae-based industry.publishe

A theoretical review of building life cycle stages and their related environmental impacts

Abstract: There six life cycle stages of buildings are: raw material extraction; manufacturing; construction; operation and maintenance; demolition; and disposal, reuse or recycling. The life cycle stages of a building are all intensively involved, in that the use of natural resources, energy and water are consumed in each of them. This paper investigate the environmental impacts across each of these stages. Furthermore, the paper also highlight the role the building sector on the total global environmental impacts in terms of the building sector’s contribution to waste generation, pollution, amongst others. This is done in order to encourage and to inform ways which can be incorporated into the building sector in order to reduce their impact on the environment. The study is conducted with reference to existing theoretical literature, published and unpublished research. The study is mainly a literature review/survey on the life cycle stages of a building. The key findings from the study are that energy is consumed across all the stages of a building. Environmental impact such as greenhouse gas emissions, waste generation and pollution etc. associated with a building are declared to be of a great quantity due to many and relatively long life cycle stages a building have. This study is valuable to the South African built environment, construction industry, infrastructure development and/or sustainable urban development

Transportable Payload Operations Control Center reusable software: Building blocks for quality ground data systems

The Mission Operations Division (MOD) at Goddard Space Flight Center builds Mission Operations Centers which are used by Flight Operations Teams to monitor and control satellites. Reducing system life cycle costs through software reuse has always been a priority of the MOD. The MOD's Transportable Payload Operations Control Center development team established an extensive library of 14 subsystems with over 100,000 delivered source instructions of reusable, generic software components. Nine TPOCC-based control centers to date support 11 satellites and achieved an average software reuse level of more than 75 percent. This paper shares experiences of how the TPOCC building blocks were developed and how building block developer's, mission development teams, and users are all part of the process