Detection of Inferior Myocardial Infarction using Shallow Convolutional Neural Networks

Myocardial Infarction is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. This paper presents a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture which takes raw Electrocardiography (ECG) signal from lead II, III and AVF and differentiates between inferior myocardial infarction (IMI) and healthy signals. The performance of the model is evaluated on IMI and healthy signals obtained from Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) database. A subject-oriented approach is taken to comprehend the generalization capability of the model and compared with the current state of the art. In a subject-oriented approach, the network is tested on one patient and trained on rest of the patients. Our model achieved a superior metrics scores (accuracy= 84.54%, sensitivity= 85.33% and specificity= 84.09%) when compared to the benchmark. We also analyzed the discriminating strength of the features extracted by the convolutional layers by means of geometric separability index and euclidean distance and compared it with the benchmark model

Early detection of Myocardial Infarction using WBAN

International audienceCardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the world, and Myocardial Infarction (MI) is the most serious one among those diseases. Patient monitoring for an early detection of MI is important to alert medical assistance and increase the vital prognostic of patients. With the development of wearable sensor devices having wireless transmission capabilities, there is a need to develop real-time applications that are able to accurately detect MI non-invasively. In this paper, we propose a new approach for early detection of MI using wireless body area networks. The proposed approach analyzes the patient electrocardiogram (ECG) in real time and extracts from each ECG cycle the ST elevation which is a significant indicator of an upcoming MI. We use the sequential change point detection algorithm CUmulative SUM (CUSUM) to early detect any deviation in ST elevation time series, and to raise an alarm for healthcare professionals. The experimental results on the ECG of real patients show that our proposed approach can detect MI with low delay and high accuracy

EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS FOR FINGERPRINTING INDOOR LOCALIZATION

One of the most preferred range-free indoor localization methods is the location fingerprinting. In the fingerprinting localization phase machine learning algorithms have widespread usage in estimating positions of the target node. The real challenge in indoor localization systems is to find out the proper machine learning algorithm. In this paper, three different machine learning algorithms for training the fingerprint database were used. We analysed the localization accuracy depending on a fingerprint density and number of line-of-sight (LOS) anchors. Experiments confirmed that Gaussian processes algorithm is superior to all other machine learning algorithms. The results prove that the localization accuracy can be achieved with a sub-decimetre resolution under typical real-world conditions

Better Physical Activity Classification using Smartphone Acceleration Sensor

Obesity is becoming one of the serious problems for the health of worldwide population. Social interactions on mobile phones and computers via internet through social e-networks are one of the major causes of lack of physical activities. For the health specialist, it is important to track the record of physical activities of the obese or overweight patients to supervise weight loss control. In this study, acceleration sensor present in the smartphone is used to monitor the physical activity of the user. Physical activities including Walking, Jogging, Sitting, Standing, Walking upstairs and Walking downstairs are classified. Time domain features are extracted from the acceleration data recorded by smartphone during different physical activities. Time and space complexity of the whole framework is done by optimal feature subset selection and pruning of instances. Classification results of six physical activities are reported in this paper. Using simple time domain features, 99 % classification accuracy is achieved. Furthermore, attributes subset selection is used to remove the redundant features and to minimize the time complexity of the algorithm. A subset of 30 features produced more than 98 % classification accuracy for the six physical activities

Application of artificial intelligence techniques for automated detection of myocardial infarction: A review

Myocardial infarction (MI) results in heart muscle injury due to receiving insufficient blood flow. MI is the most common cause of mortality in middle-aged and elderly individuals around the world. To diagnose MI, clinicians need to interpret electrocardiography (ECG) signals, which requires expertise and is subject to observer bias. Artificial intelligence-based methods can be utilized to screen for or diagnose MI automatically using ECG signals. In this work, we conducted a comprehensive assessment of artificial intelligence-based approaches for MI detection based on ECG as well as other biophysical signals, including machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models. The performance of traditional ML methods relies on handcrafted features and manual selection of ECG signals, whereas DL models can automate these tasks. The review observed that deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) yielded excellent classification performance for MI diagnosis, which explains why they have become prevalent in recent years. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive survey of artificial intelligence techniques employed for MI diagnosis using ECG and other biophysical signals.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figure

Detection of Myocardial Infarction using ECG and Multi-Scale Feature Concatenate

Diverse computer-aided diagnosis systems based on convolutional neural networks were applied to automate the detection of myocardial infarction (MI) found in electrocardiogram (ECG) for early diagnosis and prevention. However; issues; particularly overfitting and underfitting; were not being taken into account. In other words; it is unclear whether the network structure is too simple or complex. Toward this end; the proposed models were developed by starting with the simplest structure: a multi-lead features-concatenate narrow network (N-Net) in which only two convolutional layers were included in each lead branch. Additionally; multi-scale features-concatenate networks (MSN-Net) were also implemented where larger features were being extracted through pooling the signals. The best structure was obtained via tuning both the number of filters in the convolutional layers and the number of inputting signal scales. As a result; the N-Net reached a 95.76% accuracy in the MI detection task; whereas the MSN-Net reached an accuracy of 61.82% in the MI locating task. Both networks give a higher average accuracy and a significant difference of p \u3c 0.001 evaluated by the U test compared with the state-of-the-art. The models are also smaller in size thus are suitable to fit in wearable devices for offline monitoring. In conclusion; testing throughout the simple and complex network structure is indispensable. However; the way of dealing with the class imbalance problem and the quality of the extracted features are yet to be discussed

Detection of myocardial infarction based on novel deep transfer learning methods for urban healthcare in smart cities

YesOne of the common cardiac disorders is a cardiac attack called Myocardial infarction (MI), which occurs due to the blockage of one or more coronary arteries. Timely treatment of MI is important and slight delay results in severe consequences. Electrocardiogram (ECG) is the main diagnostic tool to monitor and reveal the MI signals. The complex nature of MI signals along with noise poses challenges to doctors for accurate and quick diagnosis. Manually studying large amounts of ECG data can be tedious and time-consuming. Therefore, there is a need for methods to automatically analyze the ECG data and make diagnosis. Number of studies has been presented to address MI detection, but most of these methods are computationally expensive and faces the problem of overfitting while dealing real data. In this paper, an effective computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system is presented to detect MI signals using the convolution neural network (CNN) for urban healthcare in smart cities. Two types of transfer learning techniques are employed to retrain the pre-trained VGG-Net (Fine-tuning and VGG-Net as fixed feature extractor) and obtained two new networks VGG-MI1 and VGG-MI2. In the VGG-MI1 model, the last layer of the VGG-Net model is replaced with a specific layer according to our requirements and various functions are optimized to reduce overfitting. In the VGG-MI2 model, one layer of the VGG-Net model is selected as a feature descriptor of the ECG images to describe it with informative features. Considering the limited availability of dataset, ECG data is augmented which has increased the classification performance. A standard well-known database Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) Diagnostic ECG is used for the validation of the proposed framework. It is evident from experimental results that the proposed framework achieves a high accuracy surpasses the existing methods. In terms of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity; VGG-MI1 achieved 99.02%, 98.76%, and 99.17%, respectively, while VGG-MI2 models achieved an accuracy of 99.22%, a sensitivity of 99.15%, and a specificity of 99.49%.This project was funded by University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Project number: UJ-02-018-ICGR)

Deteção de enfarte do miocárdio através de redes neuronais convolucionais

Introdução: As doenças cardiovasculares apresentam uma elevada taxa de mortalidade a nível mundial. O Eletrocardiograma (ECG) é o exame de primeira linha no que diz respeito ao diagnóstico deste tipo de patologias e consequentemente de extrema importância na correta e rápida interpretação para um prognóstico promissor. O Enfarte do Miocárdio (EM) é uma das alterações eletrocardiográficas que, detetadas atempadamente pode apresentar um impacto enorme a nível fisiológico e anatómico do próprio músculo cardíaco. A necessidade existente de uma tomada de decisão rápida e acertada, levou ao desenvolvimento de algoritmos capazes de detetar patologias no sinal eletrocardiográfico. Metodologia: Com o intuito de maximizar a capacidade discriminativa dos diferentes tipos de EM, foram extraídos padrões específicos do ECG para alimentar algoritmos de inteligência artificial. Por forma a tirar o melhor partido dos algoritmos de inteligência artificial foi realizado um préprocessamento de todo o sinal, seguido da seleção rigorosa de segmentos que apresentam a atividade patológica de cada doença. A seleção do segmento patológico para alimentar a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) foi feita comparando os segmentos ao longo do tempo com as características modelo das sequências temporais do EM. Resultados: Os modelos da CNN, utilizados no presente estudo, apresentam níveis de precisão superiores a 97%, 99,39%, 99,64%, 97,76% e 98,98% para o EM Anterior, Anterolateral, Inferior e Inferolateral, respetivamente. Os resultados discriminativos promissores provam que a etapa de seleção dos segmentos modelo proporcionaram uma excelente triagem entre sequências temporais patológicas e não patológicas, estando a CNN preparada para detetar essa atividade patológica associada a cada uma das modalidades para a qual foi treinada, sempre que, lhe seja apresentado um novo sinal de ECG como entradaIntroduction: Cardiovascular diseases have a high mortality rate worldwide. The Electrocardiogram is the first-line exam in what concerns the diagnosis of this type of pathologies and, consequently, with extreme importance in the correct and immediate interpretation for a promising prognosis. Myocardial infarction is one of the electrocardiographic changes that detected in a timely manner can have a huge impact at the physiological and anatomical level of the cardiac muscle itself. The existing need for a fast and correct decision-making has led to the development of algorithms capable of detecting pathologies in the electrocardiographic signal. Methodology: In order to maximize the discriminative capacity of the different types of myocardial infarction, specific patterns have been extracted from the ECG signals to feed artificial intelligence algorithms. In order to make the best use of the artificial intelligence algorithms, a pre-processing of the entire signal was performed followed by a rigorous selection of the segments that show pathological activity for each disease. The pathological segment selection for feeding the CNN was made by comparing the segments over time with time-series-sequency model’s characteristic of myocardial infarction. Results: The precision values of the models used in the present study, presented accuracy levels above 97%, 99.39%, 99.64%, 97.76% and 98.98% for the Anterior, Anterolateral, Inferior and Inferolateral, respectively. The promising discriminative results prove that the segment model selection stage allow to perform an excellent screening of the pathological sequencies from the nonpathological time-series sequences and the CNN model is ready for detecting pathological activity over time as a new ECG signal is presented to its entries