6,806 research outputs found
Estimating Carotid Pulse and Breathing Rate from Near-infrared Video of the Neck
Objective: Non-contact physiological measurement is a growing research area
that allows capturing vital signs such as heart rate (HR) and breathing rate
(BR) comfortably and unobtrusively with remote devices. However, most of the
approaches work only in bright environments in which subtle
photoplethysmographic and ballistocardiographic signals can be easily analyzed
and/or require expensive and custom hardware to perform the measurements.
Approach: This work introduces a low-cost method to measure subtle motions
associated with the carotid pulse and breathing movement from the neck using
near-infrared (NIR) video imaging. A skin reflection model of the neck was
established to provide a theoretical foundation for the method. In particular,
the method relies on template matching for neck detection, Principal Component
Analysis for feature extraction, and Hidden Markov Models for data smoothing.
Main Results: We compared the estimated HR and BR measures with ones provided
by an FDA-cleared device in a 12-participant laboratory study: the estimates
achieved a mean absolute error of 0.36 beats per minute and 0.24 breaths per
minute under both bright and dark lighting.
Significance: This work advances the possibilities of non-contact
physiological measurement in real-life conditions in which environmental
illumination is limited and in which the face of the person is not readily
available or needs to be protected. Due to the increasing availability of NIR
imaging devices, the described methods are readily scalable.Comment: 21 pages, 15 figure
Multispectral Video Fusion for Non-contact Monitoring of Respiratory Rate and Apnea
Continuous monitoring of respiratory activity is desirable in many clinical
applications to detect respiratory events. Non-contact monitoring of
respiration can be achieved with near- and far-infrared spectrum cameras.
However, current technologies are not sufficiently robust to be used in
clinical applications. For example, they fail to estimate an accurate
respiratory rate (RR) during apnea. We present a novel algorithm based on
multispectral data fusion that aims at estimating RR also during apnea. The
algorithm independently addresses the RR estimation and apnea detection tasks.
Respiratory information is extracted from multiple sources and fed into an RR
estimator and an apnea detector whose results are fused into a final
respiratory activity estimation. We evaluated the system retrospectively using
data from 30 healthy adults who performed diverse controlled breathing tasks
while lying supine in a dark room and reproduced central and obstructive apneic
events. Combining multiple respiratory information from multispectral cameras
improved the root mean square error (RMSE) accuracy of the RR estimation from
up to 4.64 monospectral data down to 1.60 breaths/min. The median F1 scores for
classifying obstructive (0.75 to 0.86) and central apnea (0.75 to 0.93) also
improved. Furthermore, the independent consideration of apnea detection led to
a more robust system (RMSE of 4.44 vs. 7.96 breaths/min). Our findings may
represent a step towards the use of cameras for vital sign monitoring in
medical applications
Holographic laser Doppler imaging of pulsatile blood flow
We report on wide-field imaging of pulsatile motion induced by blood flow
using heterodyne holographic interferometry on the thumb of a healthy
volunteer, in real-time. Optical Doppler images were measured with green laser
light by a frequency-shifted Mach-Zehnder interferometer in off-axis
configuration. The recorded optical signal was linked to local instantaneous
out-of-plane motion of the skin at velocities of a few hundreds of microns per
second, and compared to blood pulse monitored by plethysmoraphy during an
occlusion-reperfusion experiment.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
An Empirical Study Comparing Unobtrusive Physiological Sensors for Stress Detection in Computer Work.
Several unobtrusive sensors have been tested in studies to capture physiological reactions to stress in workplace settings. Lab studies tend to focus on assessing sensors during a specific computer task, while in situ studies tend to offer a generalized view of sensors' efficacy for workplace stress monitoring, without discriminating different tasks. Given the variation in workplace computer activities, this study investigates the efficacy of unobtrusive sensors for stress measurement across a variety of tasks. We present a comparison of five physiological measurements obtained in a lab experiment, where participants completed six different computer tasks, while we measured their stress levels using a chest-band (ECG, respiration), a wristband (PPG and EDA), and an emerging thermal imaging method (perinasal perspiration). We found that thermal imaging can detect increased stress for most participants across all tasks, while wrist and chest sensors were less generalizable across tasks and participants. We summarize the costs and benefits of each sensor stream, and show how some computer use scenarios present usability and reliability challenges for stress monitoring with certain physiological sensors. We provide recommendations for researchers and system builders for measuring stress with physiological sensors during workplace computer use
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³ Π΄ΡΡ Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²
Π¦ΡΠ»Π»Ρ Π΄Π°Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ² Π΄ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡ
Π°Π½Π½Ρ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³Ρ Π· ΡΡΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΠ² ΠΌΡΠΌΡΠΊΠΈ. Π£ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° Π΄Π²Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΈ: ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡ
Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π· 3-D Π·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΎΠ±'ΡΠΊΡΠ° Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ 2-D ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΈ Π·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ. ΠΡΠ»Π° ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡ
Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΡΠ² Π· ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΠ² ΠΌΡΠΌΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΄Ρ
ΡΠ΄ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³ Π΄ΠΈΡ
Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±'ΡΠΊΡΡΠ² Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Ρ Ρ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΡΠΈ.The main goal of this paper is to develop classification of non-contact respiration monitoring approaches and proposal of structure for system with facial artifacts rejection. All available techniques were divided into two main groups: based on reconstruction of respiration from 3-D image of object and based on 2-D image processing of techniques. Structure of system for respiration monitoring using optical sensors with facial artifacts removing was developed. New approach allows improving of respiration monitoring for objects in supine position and in a sitting position.Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ Π±Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³Ρ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π° Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° Π΄Π²Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ: ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· 3-D ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ 2-D ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠ»Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π° Π΄ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ΄Ρ
Continuous sensing and quantification of body motion in infants:A systematic review
Abnormal body motion in infants may be associated with neurodevelopmental delay or critical illness. In contrast to continuous patient monitoring of the basic vitals, the body motion of infants is only determined by discrete periodic clinical observations of caregivers, leaving the infants unattended for observation for a longer time. One step to fill this gap is to introduce and compare different sensing technologies that are suitable for continuous infant body motion quantification. Therefore, we conducted this systematic review for infant body motion quantification based on the PRISMA method (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). In this systematic review, we introduce and compare several sensing technologies with motion quantification in different clinical applications. We discuss the pros and cons of each sensing technology for motion quantification. Additionally, we highlight the clinical value and prospects of infant motion monitoring. Finally, we provide suggestions with specific needs in clinical practice, which can be referred by clinical users for their implementation. Our findings suggest that motion quantification can improve the performance of vital sign monitoring, and can provide clinical value to the diagnosis of complications in infants.</p
Driver drowsiness detection based on respiratory signal analysis
Drowsy driving is a prevalent and serious public health issue that deserves attention. Recent studies estimate around 20% of car crashes have been caused by drowsy drivers. Nowadays, one of the main goals in the development of new advanced driver assistance systems is the trustworthy drowsiness detection. In this paper, a drowsiness detection method based on changes in the respiratory signal is proposed. The respiratory signal, which has been obtained using an inductive plethysmography belt, has been processed in real-time in order to classify the driverβs state of alertness as drowsy or awake. The proposed algorithm is based on the analysis of the respiratory rate variability (RRV) in order to detect the fight against to fall asleep. Moreover, a method to provide a quality level of the respiratory signal is also proposed. Both methods have been combined to reduce false alarms due to changes of measured RRV associated not to drowsiness but body movements. A driving simulator cabin has been used to perform the validation tests and external observers have rated the driversβ state of alertness in order to evaluate the algorithm performance. It has been achieved a specificity of 96.6%, sensitivity of 90.3% and Cohenβs Kappa agreement score of 0.75 on average across all subjects through a leave-one-subject-out cross-validation. A novel algorithm for driverβs state of alertness monitoring through the identification of the fight against to fall asleep has been validated.
The proposed algorithm may be a valuable vehicle safety system to alert drowsiness while drivingPeer ReviewedPostprint (published version
Improvements in Remote Cardiopulmonary Measurement Using a Five Band Digital Camera
Remote measurement of the blood volume pulse via photoplethysmography (PPG) using digital cameras and ambient light has great potential for healthcare and affective computing. However, traditional RGB cameras have limited frequency resolution. We present results of PPG measurements from a novel five band camera and show that alternate frequency bands, in particular an orange band, allowed physiological measurements much more highly correlated with an FDA approved contact PPG sensor. In a study with participants (n = 10) at rest and under stress, correlations of over 0.92 (p <; 0.01) were obtained for heart rate, breathing rate, and heart rate variability measurements. In addition, the remotely measured heart rate variability spectrograms closely matched those from the contact approach. The best results were obtained using a combination of cyan, green, and orange (CGO) bands; incorporating red and blue channel observations did not improve performance. In short, RGB is not optimal for this problem: CGO is better. Incorporating alternative color channel sensors should not increase the cost of such cameras dramatically
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