Advanced Gas Turbine (AGT) powertrain system

A 74.5 kW(100 hp) advanced automotive gas turbine engine is described. A design iteration to improve the weight and production cost associated with the original concept is discussed. Major rig tests included 15 hours of compressor testing to 80% design speed and the results are presented. Approximately 150 hours of cold flow testing showed duct loss to be less than the design goal. Combustor test results are presented for initial checkout tests. Turbine design and rig fabrication is discussed. From a materials study of six methods to fabricate rotors, two have been selected for further effort. A discussion of all six methods is given

Design and Development of a Next Generation Energy Storage Flywheel

Energy storage is crucial for both smart grids and renewable energy sources such as wind or solar, which are intermittent in nature. Compared to electrochemical batteries, flywheel energy storage systems (FESSs) offer many unique benefits such as low environmental impact, high power quality, and larger life cycles. This dissertation presents the design and development of a novel utility-scale FESS that features a shaftless, hubless rotor. The unique shaftless design gives it the potential of a doubled energy density and a compact form factor. Its energy and power capacities are 100 kWh and 100 kW, respectively. The flywheel is made of high-strength steel, which makes it much easier to manufacture, assemble, and recycle. Steels also cost much less than composite materials. In addition, the system incorporates a new combination active magnetic bearing. Its working principle and the levitation control for the flywheel are presented. The development of an integrated, coreless, permanent-magnet (PM) motor/generator for the flywheel is briefly discussed as well. Initial test results show that the magnetic bearing provides stable levitation for the 5443-kg flywheel with small current consumptions. Furthermore, this dissertation formulates and synthesizes a detailed model for designing and simulating a closed-loop control system for the proposed flywheel system at high speed. To this end, the magnetic bearing supporting structure is considered flexible and modeled by finite element modeling. The magnetic bearing is characterized experimentally by static and frequency-dependent coefficients, the latter of which are caused by eddy current effects and presents challenges to the levitation control. Sensor- runout disturbances are measured and included in the model. System nonlinearities in power amplifiers and the controller are considered as well. Even though the flywheel has a large ratio of the primary-to-transversal moment of inertias, Multi-Input-Multi-Output (MIMO) feedback control demonstrates its effectiveness in canceling gyroscopic torques and stabilize the system. Various stages of PD controllers, lead/lag compensators, and notch filters are also implemented to suppress the high-frequency sensor disturbances and structural vibrations

Influence of centrifugal compressor system components on its general rotordynamic characteristics

Nowadays most countries are depending on Oil and Gas for their energy supply. In such operations, centrifugal compressors are dominating most of the used critical machines hence it is important to give these turbomachines more consideration in terms of their technical performance and reliability. Centrifugal compressors are one of many turbomachines that require technical solutions for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR). The oil and gas fields have different production environments which require adequate selection of compressors to handle the variance in gas and oil specifications and this in turn force the equipment manufacturers to revise their currently used design specifications. This research presents different types of compressors and their work principles with an emphasis on centrifugal compressor components The literature review carried in this research describes different cases in turbomachinery rotordynamics where failures were encountered at the commissioning and operation stages. Also the literature shows how these machines are improved technically by improving the compressor components performance such using Pocket Damper seals and tilting type bearings. The aim of this research is to study the factors affecting Rotordynamic behaviour of large natural gas centrifugal compressors. The study will review the influence of various conditions of rotor components such as bearings, seals, impellers, etc on the overall Rotordynamic stability at various process conditions ... [cont.]

Design of high-power ultra-high-speed permanent magnet machine

The demand for ultra-high-speed machines (UHSM) is rapidly growing in high-tech industries due to their attractive features. A-mechanically-based-antenna (AMEBA) system is another emerging application of UHSM. It enables portable wireless communication in the radio frequency (RF)-denied environment, which was not possible until recently. The AMEBA system requires a high-power (HP) UHSM for its effective communication performance. However, at the expected rotational speed range of 0.5 to 1 million rpm, the power level of UHSM is limited, and no research effort has succeeded to improve the power level of UHSM. The design of HP-UHSM is highly iterative, and it presents several critical challenges, unlike low-power UHSM, such as critical-bending-resonance (CBR), strong mutual influence among Multiphysics performances, exponential air-friction loss, and material limitation. When the magnetic loading of the UHSM rotor is increased to improve the power level, the rotor experiences serious mechanical vibration due to the excessive centrifugal forces and CBR. This vibration limits the operation of HP-UHSM and leads to structural breakdown. Furthermore, the design process becomes more critical when it considers the multidisciplinary design constraints and application requirements. This dissertation proposed a new Multiphysics design method to develop HP-UHSM for critical applications. First, the critical design constraints which prevent increasing the output power of UHSM are investigated. Then, a Multiphysics optimization model is developed by coupling several multidisciplinary analysis modules. This proposed optimization model enables (i) defining multidisciplinary design constraints, (ii) consideration of Multiphysics mutual influence, and (iii) a trade-off analysis between the efficiency and design-safety-margin. The proposed design model adopts the multiphase winding system to effectively increase the electrical loading in the slotless stator. Finally, a 2000 W 500,000 rpm HP-UHSM is optimized for an AMEBA system using the proposed design method. The optimized 2 kW 500,000 rpm machine prototype and its dynamo setup are built in the laboratory. Extensive finite element simulations and experimental testing results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed design method. The results show that the proposed HP-USHM has 94.5% efficiency, 47 kW/L power density, 30% global design safety margin at the maximum speed and no CBR frequency below 11 kHz

12th International Conference on Vibrations in Rotating Machinery

Since 1976, the Vibrations in Rotating Machinery conferences have successfully brought industry and academia together to advance state-of-the-art research in dynamics of rotating machinery. 12th International Conference on Vibrations in Rotating Machinery contains contributions presented at the 12th edition of the conference, from industrial and academic experts from different countries. The book discusses the challenges in rotor-dynamics, rub, whirl, instability and more. The topics addressed include: - Active, smart vibration control - Rotor balancing, dynamics, and smart rotors - Bearings and seals - Noise vibration and harshness - Active and passive damping - Applications: wind turbines, steam turbines, gas turbines, compressors - Joints and couplings - Challenging performance boundaries of rotating machines - High power density machines - Electrical machines for aerospace - Management of extreme events - Active machines - Electric supercharging - Blades and bladed assemblies (forced response, flutter, mistuning) - Fault detection and condition monitoring - Rub, whirl and instability - Torsional vibration Providing the latest research and useful guidance, 12th International Conference on Vibrations in Rotating Machinery aims at those from industry or academia that are involved in transport, power, process, medical engineering, manufacturing or construction

Cryogenic Technology, part 1

Different engineering problems associated with the design of mechanisms and systems to operate in a cryogenic environment are discussed. The focal point for the entire engineering effort was the design of the National Transonic Facility, which is a closed-circuit cryogenic wind tunnel. The papers covered a variety of mechanical, structural, and systems design subjects including thermal structures insulation systems, noise, seals, and materials

An Assessment of Integrated Flywheel System Technology

The current state of the technology in flywheel storage systems and ancillary components, the technology in light of future requirements, and technology development needs to rectify these shortfalls were identified. Technology efforts conducted in Europe and in the United States were reviewed. Results of developments in composite material rotors, magnetic suspension systems, motor/generators and electronics, and system dynamics and control were presented. The technology issues for the various disciplines and technology enhancement scenarios are discussed. A summary of the workshop, and conclusions and recommendations are presented

Design, calibration, and experiments to improve the feasibility of student-built magnetometers for heliophysics research

Thesis (M.S.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2023Dynamic interactions between the solar wind and the Earth's magnetosphere can create strong geomagnetic field disturbances and trigger geomagnetically induced currents. Geomagnetically induced currents may cause damage to infrastructure such as damage to high-voltage power transformers and increased corrosion of pipelines. Ground observations of geomagnetic fields are widely used for geomagnetically induced current studies; however, there is insufficient information on the spatial extent of the localized geomagnetically induced current events due to a lack of spatial coverage. The Space Weather UnderGround is an education and outreach program, first initiated by Dr. Charles Smith at the University of New Hampshire and expanded to the University of Alaska Fairbanks. The Space Weather UnderGround program is aimed to educate high school students on space weather phenomena while equipping them with STEM skills. Students who participate learn to build a semi-professional magnetometer kit which is then used by researchers as a cost-effective and research-capable array of magnetometers across Alaska and New Hampshire. The Space Weather UnderGround magnetometer array provides high resolution geomagnetic field data with 1nT/s accuracy, and the data is made publicly available for improving our understanding and prediction of geomagnetically induced currents. Several University of Alaska Fairbanks Space Weather UnderGround magnetometer designs have been developed between 2021 and 2023, and various experiments and calibrations have been conducted to improve their applicability towards heliophysics research. This thesis will give a brief introduction to magnetometers and space weather, while focusing on the Simple Aurora Monitor and its use in the Space Weather UnderGround program. Next, sensor and deployment experiments will be described, including deployment vessels developed by the University of Alaska Fairbanks Space Weather UnderGround team. Finally, the data acquisition process, along with the educational outcomes of the project, will be discussed.Chapter 1: Introduction to magnetometers -- 1.1 History and background -- 1.2 Types of magnetometers -- 1.2.1 Search-coil magnetometers -- 1.2.2 Superconducting quantum interference device -- 1.2.3 Hall effect magnetometers -- 1.2.4 Fluxgate magnetometers -- 1.3 Goals of the thesis. Chapter 2: Introduction to space weather -- 2.1 Sun-earth interactions -- 2.2 Introduction to the magnetosphere -- 2.3 Introduction to the ionosphere -- 2.3.1 Types of ionospheric current systems -- 2.3.2 Substorm current wedge -- 2.3.3 Auroral electrojets -- 2.3.4 Induced current systems. Chapter 3: Simple aurora monitor III magnetometer -- 3.1 History and introduction -- 3.1.1 Technical specifications, applications, and properties -- 3.2 Construction procedure -- 3.2.1 Required tools -- 3.2.2 Begin assembly -- 3.2.3 Keyboard construction -- 3.2.4 Main printed circuit board -- 3.2.5 Serial and display -- 3.2.6 Software installation. Chapter 4: SAM-III sensor experiments -- 4.1 Introduction to the experiments -- 4.2 Proximity experiments to determine crosstalk distance -- 4.3 Accuracy/validation experiment with known rate of change -- 4.4 Temperature experiments for calibration -- 4.4.1 Temperature data loggers used during calibrations -- 4.4.2 Roof experiment using polynomial fit methods -- 4.4.3 Cooler experiment with known rate of change. Chapter 5: Deployment experiments -- 5.1 Considerations for Alaska specific deployments -- 5.2 Deployment types -- 5.2.1 Anchor and L-types -- 5.2.2 Box types -- 5.2.3 Multiple deployment vessel. Chapter 6: UAF SWUG data acquisition -- 6.1 Computer and initial set-up -- 6.2 UAF SWUG network system -- 6.3 UAF SWUG data center. Chapter 7: Educational applications -- 7.1 Introduction to SWUG -- 7.1.1 Similar projects -- 7.2 UAF programs -- 7.2.1 Summer high school student internship program -- 7.2.2 Educator development program. Chapter 8: Conclusion and outlook -- 8.1 Conclusion -- 8.2 Outlook -- References

12th International Conference on Vibrations in Rotating Machinery

Since 1976, the Vibrations in Rotating Machinery conferences have successfully brought industry and academia together to advance state-of-the-art research in dynamics of rotating machinery. 12th International Conference on Vibrations in Rotating Machinery contains contributions presented at the 12th edition of the conference, from industrial and academic experts from different countries. The book discusses the challenges in rotor-dynamics, rub, whirl, instability and more. The topics addressed include: - Active, smart vibration control - Rotor balancing, dynamics, and smart rotors - Bearings and seals - Noise vibration and harshness - Active and passive damping - Applications: wind turbines, steam turbines, gas turbines, compressors - Joints and couplings - Challenging performance boundaries of rotating machines - High power density machines - Electrical machines for aerospace - Management of extreme events - Active machines - Electric supercharging - Blades and bladed assemblies (forced response, flutter, mistuning) - Fault detection and condition monitoring - Rub, whirl and instability - Torsional vibration Providing the latest research and useful guidance, 12th International Conference on Vibrations in Rotating Machinery aims at those from industry or academia that are involved in transport, power, process, medical engineering, manufacturing or construction