Architecture virtuelle et représentation de l’incertitude : analyse des solutions de visualisation de la représentation 3D

International audienceThe question of uncertainty into the architecture representation is not new. The ancient figurations already showed differences in visual processing between existing structures and missing or not visible elements. With the emergence of digital tools and the use of 3D in virtual archaeology, newpossibilities to represent the uncertainty have been offered to the archaeologists. After the presentation of the state of the research on the uncertainty definitions and the modalities to express and to visualize the uncertainty, we have experimented solutions of visualization in order to assess their reliability. Based on results, we have proposed a method to assess data used into the process of the construction of a 3D model.La question de l’incertitude de la représentation de l’architecture n’est pas nouvelle. Les figurations anciennes montraient déjà des différences de traitement visuel entre les structures existantes et les éléments disparus ou non visibles. Avec l’usage des outils numériques et de la 3D en archéologie du bâti, de nouvelles possibilités de visualisation de l’incertitude s’offrent aux archéologues. Après avoir dressé un état de la recherchesur la définition de la notion d’incertitude et des modalités d’expression et de traitement visuel de l’incertitude, nous avons testé sur deux sites historiques des solutions de visualisation afin d’évaluer leur pertinence. Sur la base des résultats, nous avons proposé une méthode d’évaluation des données utilisées dans le processus de construction du modèle 3D

Formally defining the time-space-archaeological culture relation: problems and prospects

Locating archaeological cultures in time and space is a major challenge of archaeolog- ical research. Despite more than a century of scientific research in archaeology, a satisfactory solution has yet to be proposed. Past attempts to look into the problem focused on sharpening the definition of types of material culture artefacts, a more accurate chronological dating of such objects, various probabilistic methods or GIS solution for defining the time-space borders of archaeological cultures. However, the proposed approaches did not fully consider how the nature of archaeological cultures and their consequent dating and geographic positioning play a crucial role in assigning spatio-temporal borders. We propose to shift the operating logical paradigm in archaeology, from a crisp, Aristotelian-based logic, to fuzzy logic, in our opinion more suitable for reasoning in archaeology. We also introduce the rough sets theory to deal with chronological and geographic positioning of archaeological cultures. Both concepts have, in our opinion, substantial advantages over the traditional algebra and logic rules (implicitly) applied so far

Digital 3D Technologies for Humanities Research and Education: An Overview

Digital 3D modelling and visualization technologies have been widely applied to support research in the humanities since the 1980s. Since technological backgrounds, project opportunities, and methodological considerations for application are widely discussed in the literature, one of the next tasks is to validate these techniques within a wider scientific community and establish them in the culture of academic disciplines. This article resulted from a postdoctoral thesis and is intended to provide a comprehensive overview on the use of digital 3D technologies in the humanities with regards to (1) scenarios, user communities, and epistemic challenges; (2) technologies, UX design, and workflows; and (3) framework conditions as legislation, infrastructures, and teaching programs. Although the results are of relevance for 3D modelling in all humanities disciplines, the focus of our studies is on modelling of past architectural and cultural landscape objects via interpretative 3D reconstruction methods

Virtual Reconstruction Information Management. A scientific method and 3D visualization of Virtual Reconstruction Processes.

This research project takes up the challenge of creating a system to document transparency of processes creating virtual 3D reconstructions. The virtual reconstruction of artefacts just designed, no longer existing, or nor fully documented is obviously a subjective process that simplifies a visualization of the original one. Nowadays, due to a growing number of multidisciplinary projects, scholars commonly recognize the importance of transparency in 3D virtual reconstructions. The goal of this research project is defining a methodological procedure focused on the validation of the 3D reconstructive model and finding a methodological solution to visualize its multiple representations, defining standards from data processing through documentation to visualization of each 3D hypothetical reconstruction of Cultural Heritage (CH) artefacts. Transparency and traceability of interpretation processes are necessary for a better understanding of knowledge embodied by 3D models and their visualizations. Transparency is also necessary for interdisciplinary communication and evaluation of results for the benefit of future generations. The problem of interpretation which features reconstructions where multidisciplinary approaches is crucial to re-use information by those who own a different background but are called to collaborate on the same project. In any research related to virtual reconstructions, the first step, acquiring a “pre-knowledge”, it is necessary to define a system where everyone can be user and creator of traceable knowledge. The proposed methodology, named ”Virtual Reconstruction Information Management” (VRIM), aspires to systematize some general processes related to 3D Virtual Reconstructions (VR) and the management of data information related to those models

De l'usage à l'espace : prospective pour une rétro-architecture

National audienceLa restitution historique de bâtiments disparus nécessite de convoquer de nombreuses sources de formes différentes, mais aucune trace physique de l'élément à restituer. Afin de pallier cette difficulté, cet article entend proposer le recours à l'immersion virtuelle d'experts dans l'espace restitué. Cette immersion permet de susciter des commentaires conscients ou inconscients, de l'ordre du sensible, des postures corporelles, qui sont autant de sources supplémentaires permettant de guider ou de renseigner un processus de restitution historique. Nous prenons pour exemple les théâtres de la Foire Saint-Germain à Paris au XVIII e siècle-pour lesquelles une importante documentation historique existe, mais aucun vestige archéologique-dans le but de proposer une première ébauche de méthodologie intégrant la sensibilité d'experts pour une rétro-architecture de ces espaces

Barriers to the digitalisation and innovation of Australian Smart Real Estate: A managerial perspective on the technology non-adoption

The real estate sector brings a fortune to the global economy. But, presently, this sector is regressive and uses traditional methods and approaches. Therefore, it needs a technological transformation and innovation in line with the Industry 4.0 requirements to transform into smart real estate. However, it faces the barriers of disruptive digital technology (DDT) adoption and innovation that need effective management to enable such transformation. These barriers present managerial challenges that affect DDT adoption and innovation in smart real estate. The current study assesses these DDTs adoption and innovation barriers facing the Australian real estate sector from a managerial perspective. Based on a comprehensive review of 72 systematically retrieved and shortlisted articles, we identify 21 key barriers to digitalisation and innovation. The barriers are grouped into the technology-organisation-external environment (TOE) categories using a Fault tree. Data is collected from 102 real estate and property managers to rate and rank the identified barriers. The results show that most of the respondents are aware of the DDTs and reported AI (22.5% of respondents), big data (12.75%) and VR (12.75%) as the most critical technologies not adopted so far due to costs, organisation policies, awareness, reluctance, user demand, tech integration, government support and funding. Overall, the highest barrier (risk) scores are observed for high costs of software and hardware (T1), high complexity of the selected technology dissemination system (T2) and lack of government incentives, R&D support, policies, regulations and standards (E1). Among the TOE categories, as evident from the fault tree analysis, the highest percentage of failure to adopt the DDT is attributed to E1 in the environmental group. For the technological group, the highest failure reason is attributed to T2. And for the organisational group, the barrier with the highest failure chances for DDT adoption is the lack of organisational willingness to invest in digital marketing (O4). These barriers must be addressed to pave the way for DDT adoption and innovation in the Australian real estate sector and move towards smart real estate