Optisen liityntäverkon ohjelmoitavien logiikkapiirien ohjelmoinnin suunnittelu

Tiedonsiirtoverkkojen rakenne elää muutoksen aikaa. Perinteisesti data-, puhelin- ja laajakaistaliikenne on siirretty erillisissä verkoissa, joiden samanaikainen ylläpitäminen tuottaa ylimääräisiä kustannuksia operaattoreille. Lisäksi uudet interaktiiviset palvelut vaativat toimiakseen sellaista palvelunlaatua, jota nykyiset tiedonsiirtoverkot eivät kykene tarjoamaan. Näiden epäkohtien johdosta tiedonsiirtoverkkojen kehityksessä tähdätään uusiin, entistä joustavampiin ja eri toiminnot yhdistäviin verkkoratkaisuihin, joissa tiedonsiirron palvelunlaadulla on entistä suurempi merkitys. Tällä hetkellä tiedonsiirtoverkkojen kokonaistiedonsiirtonopeuden kasvun pullonkaulatekijäksi on muodostunut kaupunkialueiden syöttöverkkojen monimutkaisuus, millä on suuri vaikutus myös tiedonsiirron palvelunlaatuun. TEKES-rahoitteisessa OAN-projektissa kehitetään uutta ja yksinkertaisempaa kaupunkialueen optista syöttöverkkoratkaisua, jolla alueen palvelunlaatua saataisiin parannettua. Tämä diplomityö on tehty osana OAN-projektia. Työssä kuvataan tiedonsiirtoverkkojen tämänhetkinen rakenne, tarkastellaan sen ongelmia ja tulevaisuuden kehityssuuntia, sekä esitetään pohdintojen pohjalta rakennettu malli tulevaisuuden tiedonsiirtoverkkojen rakenteelle. Työssä esitetään myös HDL-implementointiprosessiin kuuluvat työvaiheet sekä käydään läpi suunnitelma OAN-projektissa toteutettavan prototyypin ohjelmoitavien logiikkapiirien ohjelmaa varten

Single-Layer versus Multilayer Preplanned Lightpath Restoration

Special Issue on ”Optical Networks” October 200

Deliverable JRA1.1: Evaluation of current network control and management planes for multi-domain network infrastructure

This deliverable includes a compilation and evaluation of available control and management architectures and protocols applicable to a multilayer infrastructure in a multi-domain Virtual Network environment.The scope of this deliverable is mainly focused on the virtualisation of the resources within a network and at processing nodes. The virtualization of the FEDERICA infrastructure allows the provisioning of its available resources to users by means of FEDERICA slices. A slice is seen by the user as a real physical network under his/her domain, however it maps to a logical partition (a virtual instance) of the physical FEDERICA resources. A slice is built to exhibit to the highest degree all the principles applicable to a physical network (isolation, reproducibility, manageability, ...). Currently, there are no standard definitions available for network virtualization or its associated architectures. Therefore, this deliverable proposes the Virtual Network layer architecture and evaluates a set of Management- and Control Planes that can be used for the partitioning and virtualization of the FEDERICA network resources. This evaluation has been performed taking into account an initial set of FEDERICA requirements; a possible extension of the selected tools will be evaluated in future deliverables. The studies described in this deliverable define the virtual architecture of the FEDERICA infrastructure. During this activity, the need has been recognised to establish a new set of basic definitions (taxonomy) for the building blocks that compose the so-called slice, i.e. the virtual network instantiation (which is virtual with regard to the abstracted view made of the building blocks of the FEDERICA infrastructure) and its architectural plane representation. These definitions will be established as a common nomenclature for the FEDERICA project. Other important aspects when defining a new architecture are the user requirements. It is crucial that the resulting architecture fits the demands that users may have. Since this deliverable has been produced at the same time as the contact process with users, made by the project activities related to the Use Case definitions, JRA1 has proposed a set of basic Use Cases to be considered as starting point for its internal studies. When researchers want to experiment with their developments, they need not only network resources on their slices, but also a slice of the processing resources. These processing slice resources are understood as virtual machine instances that users can use to make them behave as software routers or end nodes, on which to download the software protocols or applications they have produced and want to assess in a realistic environment. Hence, this deliverable also studies the APIs of several virtual machine management software products in order to identify which best suits FEDERICA’s needs.Postprint (published version

Otimização do processo de comutação em redes de transporte

Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrónica e TelecomunicaçõesNo presente trabalho analisam-se os custos de implementação (CAPEX) de um nó inserido numa rede de transporte. São estudadas tecnologias de comutação de pacotes (MPLS-TP), tecnologias de comutação de circuitos (OTN) e tecnologias de comutação de canais óticos (ROADM). Com estas tecnologias são analisadas três arquiteturas para um nó, e, alterando o tráfego, comparam-se os benefícios e as limitações de cada arquitetura.In the present work, the capital expenditure (CAPEX) related with the implementation of a node in a transport network is analyzed. Technologies with different kind of switching are studied, such as MPLS-TP (packet switching), OTN (circuit switching) and ROADM (optical switching). Three different architectures combining these technologies are considered and, by changing the traffic, a comparison is performed in order to identify the limitations and advantages of each one

End-to-end provisioning in multi-domain/multi-layer networks

The last decade has seen many advances in high-speed networking technologies. At the Layer 1 fiber-optic level, dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) has seen fast growth in long-haul backbone/metro sectors. At the Layer 1.5 level, revamped next-generation SONET/SDH (NGS) has gained strong traction in the metro space, as a highly flexible sub-rate\u27 aggregation and grooming solution. Meanwhile, ubiquitous Ethernet (Layer 2) and IP (Layer 3) technologies have also seen the introduction of new quality of service (QoS) paradigms via the differentiated services (Diff-Serv) and integrated services (Intserv) frameworks. In recent years, various control provisioning standards have also been developed to provision these new networks, e.g., via efforts within the IETF, ITU-T, and OIF organizations. As these networks technologies gain traction, there is an increasing need to internetwork multiple domains operating at different technology layers, e.g., IP, Ethernet, SONET, DWDM. However, most existing studies have only looked at single domain networks or multiple domains operating at the same technology layer. As a result, there is now a growing level of interest in developing expanded control solutions for multi-domain/multi-layer networks, i.e., IP-SONET-DWDM. Now given the increase in the number of inter-connected domains, it is difficult for a single entity to maintain complete \u27global\u27 information across all domains. Hence, related solutions must pursue a distributed approach to handling multi-domain/multi-layer problem. Namely, key provisions are needed in the area of inter- domain routing, path computation, and signaling. The work in this thesis addresses these very challenges. Namely, a hierarchical routing framework is first developed to incorporate the multiple link types/granularities encountered in different network domains. Commensurate topology abstraction algorithms and update strategies are then introduced to help condense domain level state and propagate global views. Finally, distributed path computation and signaling setup schemes are developed to leverage the condensed global state information and make intelligent connection routing decisions. The work leverages heavily from graph theory concepts and also addresses the inherent distributed grooming dimension of multi-layer networks. The performance of the proposed framework and algorithms is studied using discrete event simulation techniques. Specifically, a range of multi-domain/multi-layer network topologies are designed and tested. Findings show that the propagation of inter-domain tunneled link state has a huge impact on connection blocking performance, lowering inter-domain connection blocking rates by a notable amount. More importantly, these gains are achieved without any notable increase in inter-domain routing loads. Furthermore, the results also show that topology abstraction is most beneficial at lower network load settings, and when used in conjunction with load-balancing routing.\u2

A low-cost design of multiservice SDH networks with multiple constraints

Word processed copy.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-64)This study investigates the problem of ring-node assignment a Multiservice SDH/SONET Optical network design with constraints in capacity and differential delay. The problem is characterized as a graph-partitioning problem, and a heuristic algorithm based on constraints programming satisfaction technology is proposed

UCLP in flow state router platforms

Actualment, els serveis òptics són essencialment estàtics, en els que els usuaris sol•liciten als proveïdors o ISPs l’ample de banda que necessiten durant un cert període de temps. Aquest serveis s’aprovisionen de forma manual, la qual cosa pot suposar un treball llarg i costós. Els usuaris o les mateixes aplicacions necessiten flexibilitat per controlar els seus serveis al llarg de diferents dominis independents, ja que estan en millor posició que els proveïdors per escollir i gestionar camins òptics adaptats a les seves necessitats. Aquesta idea ha donat lloc a un nou paradigma en el mon de les xarxes anomenat “xarxes controlades per usuaris”. Amb el patrocini de Canarie, s’està duent a terme una investigació per tal d’aconseguir les xarxes controlades pels usuaris. D’aquesta investigació ha sorgit un sistema anomenat "User-Controlled Lightpath Provisioning" (UCLP) (Provisió de camins òptics controlats per usuaris) que permet als usuaris establir canals òptics d’extrem a extrem a través de diferents Sistemes Autònoms. Aquest software s’està desenvolupant al CRC (Communications Research Centre, Canada) amb la col•laboració de la Fundació i2Cat. UCLP es un sistema de gestió distribuït que utilitza la idea de OON (Objecte Orientat a Xarxa) i que es pot explicar com una eina de partició i configuració que representa cada recurs d’una xarxa física (fibres, targetes) com un servei o objecte. Aquest servei/objecte es pot posar sota el control de diversos usuaris de la xarxa per tal que puguin crear les seves pròpies topologies de xarxa IP. Fins ara, UCLP treballava amb equips de capa 1 i 2. El principal objectiu d’aquest projecte és trobar una solució per integrar equips de capa 3 al sistema. Concretament, es vol introduir un router basat en una nova tecnologia anomenada “estat de flux” (flow-state). Aquesta tecnologia, que permet reconèixer fluxos basats en determinades funcions de hash, realitza un extens procés al primer paquet d’un flux, associa aquest flux amb un estat i aplica el resultat d’aquest procés als següents paquets del flux, amb els quals, enlloc de realitzar enrutament, simplement els reenviarà sense mirar les taules d’enrutament

Towards a cloud enabler : from an optical network resource provisioning system to a generalized architecture for dynamic infrastructure services provisioning

This work was developed during a period where most of the optical management and provisioning system where manual and proprietary. This work contributed to the evolution of the state of the art of optical networks with new architectures and advanced virtual infrastructure services. The evolution of optical networks, and internet globally, have been very promising during the last decade. The impact of mobile technology, grid, cloud computing, HDTV, augmented reality and big data, among many others, have driven the evolution of optical networks towards current service technologies, mostly based on SDN (Software Defined Networking) architectures and NFV(Network Functions Virtualisation). Moreover, the convergence of IP/Optical networks and IT services, and the evolution of the internet and optical infrastructures, have generated novel service orchestrators and open source frameworks. In fact, technology has evolved that fast that none could foresee how important Internet is for our current lives. Said in other words, technology was forced to evolve in a way that network architectures became much more transparent, dynamic and flexible to the end users (applications, user interfaces or simple APIs). This Thesis exposes the work done on defining new architectures for Service Oriented Networks and the contribution to the state of the art. The research work is divided into three topics. It describes the evolution from a Network Resource Provisioning System to an advanced Service Plane, and ends with a new architecture that virtualized the optical infrastructure in order to provide coordinated, on-demand and dynamic services between the application and the network infrastructure layer, becoming an enabler for the new generation of cloud network infrastructures. The work done on defining a Network Resource Provisioning System established the first bases for future work on network infrastructure virtualization. The UCLP (User Light Path Provisioning) technology was the first attempt for Customer Empowered Networks and Articulated Private Networks. It empowered the users and brought virtualization and partitioning functionalities into the optical data plane, with new interfaces for dynamic service provisioning. The work done within the development of a new Service Plane allowed the provisioning of on-demand connectivity services from the application, and in a multi-domain and multi-technology scenario based on a virtual network infrastructure composed of resources from different infrastructure providers. This Service Plane facilitated the deployment of applications consuming large amounts of data under deterministic conditions, so allowing the networks behave as a Grid-class resource. It became the first on-demand provisioning system that at lower levels allowed the creation of one virtual domain composed from resources of different providers. The last research topic presents an architecture that consolidated the work done in virtualisation while enhancing the capabilities to upper layers, so fully integrating the optical network infrastructure into the cloud environment, and so providing an architecture that enabled cloud services by integrating the request of optical network and IT infrastructure services together at the same level. It set up a new trend into the research community and evolved towards the technology we use today based on SDN and NFV. Summing up, the work presented is focused on the provisioning of virtual infrastructures from the architectural point of view of optical networks and IT infrastructures, together with the design and definition of novel service layers. It means, architectures that enabled the creation of virtual infrastructures composed of optical networks and IT resources, isolated and provisioned on-demand and in advance with infrastructure re-planning functionalities, and a new set of interfaces to open up those services to applications or third parties.Aquesta tesi es va desenvolupar durant un període on la majoria de sistemes de gestió de xarxa òptica eren manuals i basats en sistemes propietaris. En aquest sentit, la feina presentada va contribuir a l'evolució de l'estat de l'art de les xarxes òptiques tant a nivell d’arquitectures com de provisió d’infraestructures virtuals. L'evolució de les xarxes òptiques, i d'Internet a nivell mundial, han estat molt prometedores durant l'última dècada. L'impacte de la tecnologia mòbil, la computació al núvol, la televisió d'alta definició, la realitat augmentada i el big data, entre molts altres, han impulsat l'evolució cap a xarxes d’altes prestacions amb nous serveis basats en SDN (Software Defined Networking) i NFV (Funcions de xarxa La virtualització). D'altra banda, la convergència de xarxes òptiques i els serveis IT, junt amb l'evolució d'Internet i de les infraestructures òptiques, han generat nous orquestradors de serveis i frameworks basats en codi obert. La tecnologia ha evolucionat a una velocitat on ningú podria haver predit la importància que Internet està tenint en el nostre dia a dia. Dit en altres paraules, la tecnologia es va veure obligada a evolucionar d'una manera on les arquitectures de xarxa es fessin més transparent, dinàmiques i flexibles vers als usuaris finals (aplicacions, interfícies d'usuari o APIs simples). Aquesta Tesi presenta noves arquitectures de xarxa òptica orientades a serveis. El treball de recerca es divideix en tres temes. Es presenta un sistema de virtualització i aprovisionament de recursos de xarxa i la seva evolució a un pla de servei avançat, per acabar presentant el disseny d’una nova arquitectura capaç de virtualitzar la infraestructura òptica i IT i proporcionar serveis de forma coordinada, i sota demanda, entre l'aplicació i la capa d'infraestructura de xarxa òptica. Tot esdevenint un facilitador per a la nova generació d'infraestructures de xarxa en el núvol. El treball realitzat en la definició del sistema de virtualització de recursos va establir les primeres bases sobre la virtualització de la infraestructura de xarxa òptica en el marc de les “Customer Empowered Networks” i “Articulated Private Networks”. Amb l’objectiu de virtualitzar el pla de dades òptic, i oferir noves interfícies per a la provisió de serveis dinàmics de xarxa. En quant al pla de serveis presentat, aquest va facilitat la provisió de serveis de connectivitat sota demanda per part de l'aplicació, tant en entorns multi-domini, com en entorns amb múltiples tecnologies. Aquest pla de servei, anomenat Harmony, va facilitar el desplegament de noves aplicacions que consumien grans quantitats de dades en condicions deterministes. En aquest sentit, va permetre que les xarxes es comportessin com un recurs Grid, i per tant, va esdevenir el primer sistema d'aprovisionament sota demanda que permetia la creació de dominis virtuals de xarxa composts a partir de recursos de diferents proveïdors. Finalment, es presenta l’evolució d’un pla de servei cap una arquitectura global que consolida el treball realitzat a nivell de convergència d’infraestructures (òptica + IT) i millora les capacitats de les capes superiors. Aquesta arquitectura va facilitar la plena integració de la infraestructura de xarxa òptica a l'entorn del núvol. En aquest sentit, aquest resultats van evolucionar cap a les tendències actuals de SDN i NFV. En resum, el treball presentat es centra en la provisió d'infraestructures virtuals des del punt de vista d’arquitectures de xarxa òptiques i les infraestructures IT, juntament amb el disseny i definició de nous serveis de xarxa avançats, tal i com ho va ser el servei de re-planificació dinàmicaPostprint (published version