DC to AC Inverter for a Microgrid-Inspired Power Distribution Architecture for Electric Vehicles

This project builds upon the prototyping of a microgrid-inspired power distribution architecture for electric vehicles (EVs). The efficacy of this prototype aims to inform a full-scale power distribution system that charges an EV battery, supports the electric grid with important ancillary services, performs peer-to-peer EV charging, and works in conjunction with other AC and DC sources and loads. The scope of this report focuses specifically on the design, construction, and testing of the DC/AC inverter. Future development of this distribution architecture will incorporate synchronous generators, a battery management system, and an Arduino/Raspberry Pi-based communication system to fully simulate an electric vehicle’s design

Improved multiple feature-electrochemical thermal coupling modeling of lithium-ion batteries at low-temperature with real-time coefficient correction.

Monitoring various internal parameters plays a core role in ensuring the safety of lithium-ion batteries in power supply applications. It also influences the sustainability effect and online state of charge prediction. An improved multiple feature-electrochemical thermal coupling modeling method is proposed considering low-temperature performance degradation for the complete characteristic expression of multi-dimensional information. This is to obtain the parameter influence mechanism with a multi-variable coupling relationship. An optimized decoupled deviation strategy is constructed for accurate state of charge prediction with real-time correction of time-varying current and temperature effects. The innovative decoupling method is combined with the functional relationships of state of charge and open-circuit voltage to capture energy management effectively. Then, an adaptive equivalent-prediction model is constructed using the state-space equation and iterative feedback correction, making the proposed model adaptive to fractional calculation. The maximum state of charge estimation errors of the proposed method are 4.57% and 0.223% under the Beijing bus dynamic stress test and dynamic stress test conditions, respectively. The improved multiple feature-electrochemical thermal coupling modeling realizes the effective correction of the current and temperature variations with noise influencing coefficient, and provides an efficient state of charge prediction method adaptive to complex conditions

Batteries and Hydrogen Storage: Technical Analysis and Commercial Revision to Select the Best Option

: This paper aims to analyse two energy storage methods—batteries and hydrogen storage technologies—that in some cases are treated as complementary technologies, but in other ones they are considered opposed technologies. A detailed technical description of each technology will allow to understand the evolution of batteries and hydrogen storage technologies: batteries looking for higher energy capacity and lower maintenance, while hydrogen storage technologies pursuing better volumetric and gravimetric densities. Additionally, as energy storage systems, a mathematical model is required to know the state of charge of the system. For this purpose, a mathematical model is proposed for conventional batteries, for compressed hydrogen tanks, for liquid hydrogen storage and for metal hydride tanks, which makes it possible to integrate energy storage systems into management strategies that aim to solve the energy balance in plants based on hybrid energy storage systems. From the technical point of view, most batteries are easier to operate and do not require special operating conditions, while hydrogen storage methods are currently functioning at the two extremes (high temperatures for metal and complex hydrides and low temperatures for liquid hydrogen or physisorption). Additionally, the technical comparison made in this paper also includes research trends and future possibilities in an attempt to help plan future policiesThis research was funded by 1) Spanish Government, grant Ref: PID2020-116616RB-C31, 2) Andalusian Regional Program of R+D+i, grant Ref: P20-00730, and 3) FEDER-University of Huelva 2018, grant Ref: UHU-125931

Modeling and simulation of power and energy demands to dimension an alternative energy supply for the aquaculture industry. Use of OpenModelica to develop an applicable simulation model for the energy and power demands

The purpose of the research is to investigate whether feed barges currently running on diesel generator can be powered by alternative energy sources where power from shore is limited. Through data collection, several models are developed in OpenModelica to represent the power and energy distribution on a feed barge. Using the Power Systems library provided in OpenModelica, it has offered benefits of modeling complex power systems put together by several simpler models. User-friendly, preset components from the Power Systems library provides simplicity for that matter. A diesel and battery-electric model is developed to dimension the battery to account for different power strategies throughout a production cycle for the farmed fish. The result from dimensioning of the battery provide some clues on how to dimension alternative energy providers to replace the diesel generators. Variations in the power consumption makes feed barges a good candidate for hybridization with a battery as an energy buffer to either shave the power peaks or used as a source to cover the base loads. By utilizing batteries, alternative energy sources and carriers are made available in order to reduce emissions from diesel generators

Management and Applications of Energy Storage Devices

This book reviews recent trends, developments, and technologies of energy storage devices and their applications. It describes the electrical equivalent circuit model of batteries, the technology of battery energy storage systems in rooftop solar-photovoltaic (PV) systems, and the implementation of second-life batteries in hybrid electric vehicles. It also considers a novel energy management control strategy for PV batteries operating in DC microgrids, along with the present state and opportunities of solid-state batteries. In addition, the book examines the technology of thin-film energy storage devices based on physical vapor deposition as well as the challenges of ionic polymer-metal composite membranes. Furthermore, due to the novel battery technology in energy storage devices, this book covers the structural, optical, and related electrical studies of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) bearing in mind the applications of gel polymer electrolytes in solid-state batteries. Since energy storage plays a vital role in renewable energy systems, another salient part of this book is the research on phase change materials for maximum solar energy utilization and improvement. This volume is a useful reference for readers who wish to familiarize themselves with the newest advancements in energy storage systems

Reused Lithium-Ion Battery Applied in Water Treatment Plants

For stabilizing renewable energies and shaving peak power at noon, both the energy consumption and potential renewable energies in Dihua waste water treatment plant (WWTP) in Taiwan are analyzed. Under the consideration of environment, cost, and performance, automotive reused lithium-ion battery (RLIB) is employed. Two typical automotive lithium-ion batteries are used in this study after the selection of suitable battery cells. In particular, one simple, converterless energy management system (EMS) is developed and integrated in new RLIB packs. The control strategy between RLIB and an additional physical battery is adjusted by simulation. An online estimation of RLIB’s internal resistance and open-circuit voltage monitoring scheme is applied in EMS to ensure the safety of RLIB. The bench test and rough economical estimation reveal that EMS shows great potential in elongating life cycle and possibly benefits from feed-in tariff and peak shift of electricity charges

Descarbonização do transporte marítimo: uma análise de combustíveis alternativos com estudo de caso de um navio-tanque

The current situation concerning climate change and the environmental impact from the transport sector is requiring us to utilize low-carbon alternative carriers and powertrains to decarbonize maritime shipping by 2035. Achieving this goal needs strong energy policies, regulations, and clear targets for emission reduction. In addition to policy support, technological advancements can significantly contribute to decreasing ships’ emissions. Improved hull designs and slower sailing speeds can help decrease fuel consumption. Finally, market-ready solutions like energy-efficient propulsion systems and alternative fuels offer promising solutions. To identify suitable alternative energies for maritime transport, a case study on a motor tank vessel was conducted. In this case study the energy densities were analyzed to determine feasible substitutes for storage and transport. Ideal storage media should exhibit high volumetric and gravimetric energy densities, ambient temperature and pressure operation, safety, and balanced cost-effectiveness. With the current technology, battery usage in shipping is not the only solution. Energy-dense liquids or compressed gaseous fuels are often more practical for retrofitting existing hull designs. Besides fuel technology, this research focuses on the required investment for alternative energy systems and the benefits of transitioning to low-carbon alternatives in the maritime industry. Innovative technologies and alternative energy sources will only be embraced by the industry if the economic impact is clear. Concerning technology, the finding of this dissertation is that hydrogen is particularly well-suited for retrofitting existing hulls, while an electric system is cost-effective, but not practical for long voyages due to the heavy weight and the size of the batteries. However, battery modules are especially suitable as an electrical storage system in barging applications.A situação atual relacionada com as mudanças climáticas e impacto ambiental do setor dos transportes a utilizar formas de transporte e unidades de força motriz alternativas de baixo carbono para tornar possível a descarbonização do transporte marítimo até 2035. Alcançar este objetivo requer políticas energéticas sólidas, regulamentos e metas claras de redução de emissões. Além do apoio político, avanços tecnológicos podem contribuir significativamente para a redução das emissões dos navios. Melhorias nos designs dos cascos e menores velocidades de navegação podem ajudar a reduzir o consumo de combustível. Por fim, soluções prontas para o mercado, como sistemas de propulsão energeticamente eficientes e combustíveis alternativos, oferecem soluções promissoras. Para identificar energias alternativas adequadas para o transporte marítimo, foi realizado um estudo de caso sobre uma barcaça de transporte de combustível. Neste estudo, foram analisadas as densidades de energia para determinar substitutos viáveis para armazenamento e transporte de energia. O meio de armazenamento ideal deve apresentar altas densidades de energia volumétrica e gravimétrica, capacidade de operar a temperatura e pressão ambientes, segurança e custo-benefício equilibrado. Com a tecnologia atual, o uso de baterias elétricas no transporte marítimo não é a única solução. Combustíveis líquidos de alta densidade energética ou gases comprimidos são frequentemente mais práticos para a adaptação aos designs de cascos existentes. Além da tecnologia de combustíveis, esta pesquisa concentra-se no investimento necessário para sistemas de energia alternativa e nos benefícios da transição para alternativas com baixas emissões no setor marítimo. É evidente que as tecnologias inovadoras e as fontes de energia alternativa só serão adotadas pela indústria se o impacto económico for claro. No que diz respeito à tecnologia, a conclusão desta dissertação é que o hidrogénio se revela particularmente adequado para a adaptação de cascos existentes, enquanto um sistema elétrico é economicamente viável, mas não prático para viagens longas devido ao peso elevado e ao tamanho das baterias. No entanto, os módulos de bateria são especialmente adequados como sistema de armazenamento elétrico em aplicações fluviais.Mestrado em Sistemas Energéticos Sustentávei

National Conference on ‘Renewable Energy, Smart Grid and Telecommunication-2023

Theme of the Conference: “The challenges and opportunities of integrating renewable energy into the grid” The National Conference on Renewable Energy, Smart Grid, and Telecommunication - 2023 is a platform for industry experts, researchers, and policymakers to come together and explore the latest advancements and challenges in the fields of renewable energy, smart grids, and telecommunication. Conference Highlights: In-depth discussions on renewable energy technologies and innovations. Smart grid integration for a sustainable future. The role of telecommunication in advancing renewable energy solutions. Networking opportunities with industry leaders and experts. Presentation of cutting-edge research papers and case studies. Conference topics: Renewable Energy Technologies and Innovations Smart Grid Development and Implementation Telecommunication for Energy Systems Energy Storage and Grid Balancing Policy, Regulation, and Market Dynamics Environmental and Social Impacts of Renewable Energy Energy Transition and Future Outlook Integration of renewable energy into the grid Microgrids and decentralized energy systems Grid cybersecurity and data analytics IoT and sensor technologies for energy monitoring Data management and analytics in energy sector Battery storage technologies and applicationshttps://www.interscience.in/conf_proc_volumes/1087/thumbnail.jp

Optimal Design and Operation Management of Battery-Based Energy Storage Systems (BESS) in Microgrids

Energy storage systems (ESSs) can enhance the performance of energy networks in multiple ways; they can compensate the stochastic nature of renewable energies and support their large-scale integration into the grid environment. Energy storage options can also be used for economic operation of energy systems to cut down system’s operating cost. By utilizing ESSs, it is very possible to store energy in off-peak hours with lower cost and energize the grid during peak load intervals avoiding high price spikes. Application of ESSs will also enable better utilization of distributed energy sources and provide higher controllability at supply/demand side which is helpful for load leveling or peak shaving purposes. Last but not least, ESSs can provide frequency regulation services in off-grid locations where there is a strong need to meet the power balance in different operating conditions. Each of the abovementioned applications of energy storage units requires certain performance measures and constraints, which has to be well considered in design phase and embedded in control and management strategies. This chapter mainly focuses on these aspects and provides a general framework for optimal design and operation management of battery-based ESSs in energy networks

Cascaded Converters For Integration And Management Of Grid Level Energy Storage Systems

ABSTRACT CASCADED CONVERTERS FOR INTEGRATION AND MANAGEMENT OF GRID-LEVEL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS by ZUHAIR ALAAS December 2017 Advisor: Dr. Caisheng Wang Major: ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Degree: Doctor of Philosophy This research work proposes two cascaded multilevel inverter structures for BESS. The gating and switching control of switching devices in both inverter typologies are done by using a phase-shifted PWM scheme. The first proposed isolated multilevel inverter is made up of three-phase six-switch inverter blocks with a reduced number of power components compared with traditional isolated CHB. The suggested isolated converter has only one battery string for three-phase system that can be used for high voltage and high power applications such as grid connected BESS and alternative energy systems. The isolated inverter enables dq frame based simple control and eliminates the issues of single-phase pulsating power, which can cause detrimental impacts on certain dc sources. Simulation studies have been carried out to compare the proposed isolated multi-level inverter with an H-bridge cascaded transformer inverter. The simulation results verified the performance of the isolated inverter. The second proposed topology is a Hierarchal Cascaded Multilevel Converter (HCMC) with phase to phase SOC balancing capability which also for high voltage and high power battery energy storage systems. The HCMC has a hybrid structure of half-bridge converters and H-bridge inverters and the voltage can be hierarchically cascaded to reach the desired value at the half-bridge and the H-bridge levels. The uniform SOC battery management is achieved by controlling the half-bridge converters that are connected to individual battery modules/cells. Simulation studies and experimental results have been carried on a large scale battery system under different operating conditions to verify the effectiveness of the proposed inverters. Moreover, this dissertation presents a new three-phase SOC equalizing circuit, called six-switch energy-level balancing circuit (SSBC), which can be used to realize uniform SOC operation for full utilization of the battery capacity in proposed HCMC or any CMI inverter while keeping balanced three-phase operation. A sinusoidal PWM modulation technique is used to control power transferring between phases. Simulation results have been carried out to verify the performance of the proposed SSBC circuit of uniform three-phase SOC balancing