Una prueba fuera del laboratorio de una interfaz cerebro computador basada en potenciales de estado estable evocados visualmente

Context: Steady State Visually Evoked Potentials (SSVEP) are brain signals which are one of the most promising signals for Brain Computer Interfaces (BCIs) implementation, however, SSVEP based BCI generally are proven in a controlled environment and there are a few tests in demanding conditions.Method: We present a SSVEP based BCI system that was used outside the lab in a noisy environment with distractions, and with the presence of public. For the tests, we showed a maze in a laptop where the user could move an avatar looking for a target that is represented by a house.  In order to move the avatar, the volunteer must stare at one of the four visual stimuli; the four visual stimuli represent the four directions: right, up, left, and down. The system is proven without any calibration procedure.Results: 32 volunteers utilized the system and 20 achieved the target with an accuracy above 60%, including 9 with an accuracy of 100%, 7 achieved the target with an accuracy below 60% and 5 left without achieving the goal. For the volunteers who reached accuracy above 60%, the results of the performance achieved an average of 6,4s for command detections, precision of 79% and information transfer rate (ITR) of 8,78 bits/s.Conclusions: We showed a SSVEP based BCI system with low cost, it was proved in a public event, it did not have calibration procedures, it was easy to install, and it was used for people in a wide age range. The results show that it is possible to bring this kind of systems to environments outside the laboratory.Contexto: Los potenciales de estado estable evocados visualmente (SSVEP) surgen como una de las señales medidas del cerebro más promisorias para la implementación de interfaces cerebro computador (BCI), sin embargo las aplicaciones realizadas generalmente son limitadas a ambientes restringidos de laboratorio presentando mínimas pruebas en ambientes donde las condiciones son exigentes.Método: Se implementó un sistema BCI basado en SSVEP cuyas pruebas se realizaron en un ambiente no controlado con altos niveles de distracción y con la presencia de gran cantidad de público. Al  usuario se le propone  un laberinto donde un avatar debe ser llevado a un objetivo representado por una casa. Para mover el avatar el voluntario debe fijar su mirada en uno de los cuatro estímulos visuales, los estímulos visuales representan las cuatro direcciones: izquierda, arriba, derecha y abajo. El sistema fue usado sin ningún tipo de calibración.Resultados: 32 voluntarios usaron el sistema y 20 lograron el objetivo con una precisión mayor al 60%, incluyendo 9 con una precisión del 100%, 7 lograron el objetivo con una precisión menor al 60% y 5 se retiraron antes de conseguir el objetivo. Para los voluntarios que lograron una precisión mayor al 60% se alcanzó en promedio un tiempo de detección de 6,4s, una precisión de 79%  y una razón de transferencia de información (ITR) de 8,78bits/s.Conclusiones: Se pudo mostrar un sistema BCI basado en SSVEP de bajo costo, probado en un evento público, sin procedimientos de calibración, de fácil instalación y usado por personas en un amplio rango de edades. Los resultados muestran que es factible llevar este tipo de sistemas a ambientes fuera del laboratorio

Graphonomics and your Brain on Art, Creativity and Innovation : Proceedings of the 19th International Graphonomics Conference (IGS 2019 – Your Brain on Art)

[Italiano]: “Grafonomia e cervello su arte, creatività e innovazione”. Un forum internazionale per discutere sui recenti progressi nell'interazione tra arti creative, neuroscienze, ingegneria, comunicazione, tecnologia, industria, istruzione, design, applicazioni forensi e mediche. I contributi hanno esaminato lo stato dell'arte, identificando sfide e opportunità, e hanno delineato le possibili linee di sviluppo di questo settore di ricerca. I temi affrontati includono: strategie integrate per la comprensione dei sistemi neurali, affettivi e cognitivi in ambienti realistici e complessi; individualità e differenziazione dal punto di vista neurale e comportamentale; neuroaesthetics (uso delle neuroscienze per spiegare e comprendere le esperienze estetiche a livello neurologico); creatività e innovazione; neuro-ingegneria e arte ispirata dal cervello, creatività e uso di dispositivi di mobile brain-body imaging (MoBI) indossabili; terapia basata su arte creativa; apprendimento informale; formazione; applicazioni forensi. / [English]: “Graphonomics and your brain on art, creativity and innovation”. A single track, international forum for discussion on recent advances at the intersection of the creative arts, neuroscience, engineering, media, technology, industry, education, design, forensics, and medicine. The contributions reviewed the state of the art, identified challenges and opportunities and created a roadmap for the field of graphonomics and your brain on art. The topics addressed include: integrative strategies for understanding neural, affective and cognitive systems in realistic, complex environments; neural and behavioral individuality and variation; neuroaesthetics (the use of neuroscience to explain and understand the aesthetic experiences at the neurological level); creativity and innovation; neuroengineering and brain-inspired art, creative concepts and wearable mobile brain-body imaging (MoBI) designs; creative art therapy; informal learning; education; forensics

Interfaz cerebro-máquina basada en imaginación motora de miembro inferior

El objetivo de este proyecto es analizar los registros de las señales cerebrales re-lacionadas con la imaginación motora de miembro inferior, así como diversas tareas de relajación. Se realizarán estudios de diferentes parámetros del preprocesamiento, extrac-ción de características, clasificadores y selección de electrodos para tratar de mejorar los resultados en la posterior validación cruzada. Finalmente se obtendrán cuáles son las mejores configuraciones específicas para cada par de tareas y de forma global para todos los usuariosThe objective of this project is to analyse the records of brain signals related to lower limb motor imagination, as well as various relaxation tasks. Studies of different parameters of the preprocessing, feature extraction, classifiers and selection of electrodes will be carried out to try to improve the results in the subsequent cross-validation. Finally, the best specific configurations will be obtained for each pair of tasks and globally for all user

De animais a máquinas : humanos tecnicamente melhores nos imaginários de futuro da convergência tecnológica

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, Departamento de Sociologia, 2020.O tema desta investigação é discutir os imaginários sociais de ciência e tecnologia que emergem a partir da área da neuroengenharia, em sua relação com a Convergência Tecnológica de quatro disciplinas: Nanotecnologia, Biotecnologia, tecnologias da Informação e tecnologias Cognitivas - neurociências- (CT-NBIC). Estas áreas desenvolvem-se e são articuladas por meio de discursos que ressaltam o aprimoramento das capacidades físicas e cognitivas dos seres humanos, com o intuito de construir uma sociedade melhor por meio do progresso científico e tecnológico, nos limites das agendas de pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D). Objetivos: Os objetivos nesse cenário, são discutir as implicações éticas, econômicas, políticas e sociais deste modelo de sistema sociotécnico. Nos referimos, tanto as aplicações tecnológicas, quanto as consequências das mesmas na formação dos imaginários sociais, que tipo de relações se estabelecem e como são criadas dentro desse contexto. Conclusão: Concluímos na busca por refletir criticamente sobre as propostas de aprimoramento humano mediado pela tecnologia, que surgem enquanto parte da agenda da Convergência Tecnológica NBIC. No entanto, as propostas de melhoramento humano vão muito além de uma agenda de investigação. Há todo um quadro de referências filosóficas e políticas que defendem o aprimoramento da espécie, vertentes estas que se aliam a movimentos trans-humanistas e pós- humanistas, posições que são ao mesmo tempo éticas, políticas e econômicas. A partir de nossa análise, entendemos que ciência, tecnologia e política estão articuladas, em coprodução, em relação às expectativas de futuros que são esperados ou desejados. Ainda assim, acreditamos que há um espaço de diálogo possível, a partir do qual buscamos abrir propostas para o debate público sobre questões de ciência e tecnologia relacionadas ao aprimoramento da espécie humana.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)The subject of this research is to discuss the social imaginaries of science and technology that emerge from the area of neuroengineering in relation with the Technological Convergence of four disciplines: Nanotechnology, Biotechnology, Information technologies and Cognitive technologies -neurosciences- (CT-NBIC). These areas are developed and articulated through discourses that emphasize the enhancement of human physical and cognitive capacities, the intuition it is to build a better society, through the scientific and technological progress, at the limits of the research and development (R&D) agendas. Objectives: The objective in this scenery, is to discuss the ethic, economic, politic and social implications of this model of sociotechnical system. We refer about the technological applications and the consequences of them in the formation of social imaginaries as well as the kind of social relations that are created and established in this context. Conclusion: We conclude looking for critical reflections about the proposals of human enhancement mediated by the technology. That appear as a part of the NBIC technologies agenda. Even so, the proposals of human enhancement go beyond boundaries that an investigation agenda. There is a frame of philosophical and political references that defend the enhancement of the human beings. These currents that ally to the transhumanism and posthumanism movements, positions that are ethic, politic and economic at the same time. From our analysis, we understand that science, technology and politics are articulated, are in co-production, regarding the expected and desired futures. Even so, we believe that there is a space of possible dialog, from which we look to open proposals for the public discussion on questions of science and technology related to enhancement of human beings

State of the Art in Neurotechnologies for Assistance and Rehabilitation in Spain: Fundamental Technologies

[EN] Neurotechnologies are those technologies aimed to study the nervous system, or to improve its function. These technologies expand the range of treatments for rehabilitating damaged functions and provide new healthcare solutions for the functions that have been lost. This paper reviews the rehabilitation and assistance neurotechnologies, mainly for motor disorders, it introduces a taxonomy that facilitates the systematic review, and it shows recent progresses made in Spain in the investigation, development, and application of their fundamental technologies.[ES] Las neurotecnologías son aquellas tecnologías dirigidas al estudio del sistema nervioso o a mejorar su función. Estas tecnologías permiten extender el rango de tratamientos disponibles para la rehabilitación de funciones dañadas y proporcionan nuevas soluciones asistenciales para las funciones perdidas. En este artículo se revisan las neurotecnologías de asistencia y rehabilitación, en trastornos motores principalmente, se introduce una taxonomía que facilita su revisión sistemática, y se proporciona una visión global de los avances logrados en la investigación, desarrollo y aplicación en España de aquellas de sus tecnologías más básicas.Los autores quieren agradecer el apoyo de NEUROTEC – Red Temática de Investigación en Neurotecnologías para la Asistencia y la Rehabilitación (DPI2015-69098-REDT), financiada por Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad.Barrios, LJ.; Hornero, R.; Pérez-Turiel, J.; Pons, JL.; Vidal, J.; Azorín, JM. (2017). Estado del Arte en Neurotecnologías para la Asistencia y la Rehabilitación en España: Tecnologías Fundamentales. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática industrial. 14(4):346-354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riai.2017.06.003346354144Alonso, J.F., Mañanas, M.A., Romero, S., Rojas-Martínez, M., Riba, J., 2012. 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