The fruits of free trade

Imports ; Exports ; Tariff ; Antidumping duties

Purchaser Style of Chinese Online Shoppers for Sport Products

China is a fast growing developing country and has become an important market for sport products. China also has the most web users in the world. For this reason, to understand the purchasing style of Chinese online shoppers on sport products is important and valuable to sport marketers. The purpose of this study was to examine the purchasing style of Chinese online consumers on sports products using the Purchase Style Inventory for Sport Products (PSISP). The PSISP consists of 42 items under nine dimensions: (1) Quality, (2) Brand, (3) Fashion, (4) Recreation, (5) Price, (6) Impulse, (7) Confusion, (8) Habit, and (9) Endorsement. In this study, a section on demographics was also included in the questionnaire. Participants were subscribers (N = 576) of the following two major websites: www.hoopchina.com and www.x-kicks.com. The Dimension Reduction procedure from the PASW Statistics 18 (2011) was used to identify the factor structure of the PSISP. Factorial ANOVAs were adopted to compare the mean differences among the Chinese online shoppers in the following variables: gender, age, marital status, income, and profession. Results of the exploratory factor analysis indicated that a 7-factor model was the most interpretable for the consumers in China. The results also revealed that there were significant (p \u3c .05) differences in Chinese online purchasing styles between gender, age, marital status, and profession. The comparisons and implications were discusse

Chinese Gift-Giving, Anti-Corruption Law, and the Rule of Law and Virtue

This Article addresses the question of whether virtuous giftgiving in China can be used in the fight against corruption. Giftgiving, ubiquitous in Chinese familial, business, and official practices, has been under fire by both laws outside and within China

Netlaw

As the Internet becomes increasingly commercialized, the role of national and international laws for regulating the Internet moves to the forefront. The unique nature of conducting business and communicating over the Internet challenges numerous well-established legal principles and standards. Internet law, or NetLaw, deals with the legalities of Internet usage and provides an understanding of how laws interrelate with other aspects of online culture and society. This short tutorial explores the most important legal issues raised by the expanding use of the Internet and provides a general understanding of the concept, benefits and recent developments of NetLaw

From Nascar to Cirque du Soleil: Lessons in Audience Development

Examines marketing trends and principles in entertainment and performance. Case studies include nonprofit arts organizations, mega-concert promoters, for-profit entertainment conglomerates, sports promoters and religious organizations

The Influence of Website Design on Online Trust in Electronic Commerce Retailing Environments

E-commerce retail sales continue to experience significant growth in the United States (U.S.) annually. However, the contribution of e-commerce retail sales towards total retail sales in the U.S. remains low. Furthermore, the growth of e-commerce retail sales from year to year as a percentage of total retail sales in the U.S. is also fractional. The lack of online trust by consumers has been cited as a significant barrier to transacting online and a possible cause of this slow-moving trend. E-commerce retail sales are paramount to the success and profitability of online merchants. It remains critical to understand the underlying determinants of online trust as a precursor to online purchase intention. This study sought to explore the effect of one such determinant namely, website design, on online trust. Using constructs and scales synthesized from the salient literature, the effects of visual design, social-cue design, and content design on online trust were measured and reported. Additionally, the mediating influence of online trust on online purchase intention was investigated. Demographic factors of age and gender were also examined for possible moderating effects of website design on online trust. A conceptual model of the influence of website design on online trust and the influence of online trust on purchase intention in e-commerce retailing environments was also tested. The study involved scenario-based survey research methodology. Participants were presented with two websites along with a fictitious purchase scenario and post-scenario survey. The survey captured their responses with respect to the design elements of each website, their inclination to trust each website, and their intention to make a purchase from each website. Participants’ age range and gender were also captured in the survey. A total of 502 participants took part in the study. The results found that each of the components of website design namely, visual design, social-cue design, and content design had a statistically significant effect on online trust. Online trust was also found to mediate the effect of these design factors on purchase intention. Finally, no significant effects of age or gender on website design’s relationship with online trust were found. Subsequently, implications and suggestions for future research are presented

Proposal for the creation of a national network of global studies high schools

This is a proposal to seek private and public funding to create a national network of global studies high schools (GSHS). The aim of a network of GSHSs is to enlarge the leadership corps of the next generation and to equip its members to address mounting global challenges to the security, material welfare, and freedoms of the American people, the citizens of open societies everywhere, and those who are striving to join their ranks.Title VI National Resource Center Grant (P015A060066)published or submitted for publicationnot peer reviewe

Consumer Behavior and Coronavirus: How the Pandemic Transformed the American Shopper

This study examines the changes in consumer shopping behavior resulting from the coronavirus pandemic in the United States as well as the effects on in-store and e-commerce sales and market share within the CPG industry. Most Americans faced some level of disruption throughout developments in the coronavirus outbreak. The study of their ongoing behavior changes in shopping preferences and purchasing decisions is revealed through CPG sales and offers insight into how it has affected the industry long-term. This paper analyzes the consumer behavior shifts in chronological order as new developments in the pandemic affected shopping decisions from January 2020 to present day March 2021. The six behavior thresholds Americans underwent were proactive health-minded buying before the virus reached the U.S., reactive health management as the first American case was confirmed, pantry preparation and quarantined living preparation as consumers panic-purchased essentials, restricted living amid lockdown orders, and living a new normal with increased caution and social distancing. The pandemic exposed the effects supply chain disruptions had on retailers and CPG companies, and how they enabled smaller businesses to take shelf space during stockout periods. Severe stockouts at brick-and-mortar retailers drove record levels of consumers to utilize e-commerce platforms to purchase grocery essentials, which is a trend that has lasted well beyond the peak of the pandemic. This study dives into a further understanding of consumer behavior changes and how they affected retailers and CPG companies as the coronavirus outbreak evolved. The ongoing transformation of the American shopper in 2020 has led to permanent changes in the e-commerce landscape and continues to develop as the U.S. reaches a new ending phase with vaccine distribution

A Sentiment Analysis of Star-rating: a Cross-Cultural Perspective

Consumer-generated reviews and ratings are critical for the tourism industry. The star rating distribution of services can significantly influence a consumer’s decision-making and choice of services. We analyze the star rating distribution of restaurant reviews from three nations (Japan, China, and the U.S.) and find two distribution patterns: bimodal and unimodal. Then, we analyze the sentiment correlation with each star rating across the three cultures. We find the inconsistency of positive sentiment correlation with 5- and 4-star ratings generated by Japanese consumers. Possible contributing factors, including biases, national culture, and socioeconomic conditions, are discusse