Choice of Locations for Wind Energy Utilization With GIS Tools

Using of renewable energy sources, among which we can classify, wind energy, meet the requirements of environmental acceptable. The renewable energy sources have significant role in meeting the targets of Kyoto Protocol and they have very important role in the field of local and regional development and employment. Potential builder of wind plant have to take to consideration many different factors. Power of wind is one of these factors. Wind power can be estimate from measured data at the climatologically stations and airports. Choice of potential locality is by influenced many others factor, such as quantity and parameters obstacles, elevation, accessibility location for building machines, distance from connection of high voltage, etc. For examination locality we can use the GIS tools

Quantifying the variability of wind energy

Wind by its very nature is a variable element. Its variation is different on different timescales and spatially its magnitude can change dramatically depending on local climatology and terrain. This has implications in a variety of sectors, not least in the wind energy sector. The accuracy of weather forecasting models has increased significantly in the last few decades and these models are able to give an insight into variability on the hourly and daily timescales. On shorter timescales, predicting chaotic turbulent fluctuations is far more challenging. Similarly, the ability to make seasonal forecasts is extremely limited. General circulation models (GCMs) can give insights into possible future decadal fluctuations, but there are still large uncertainties. Observational data can give useful information concerning variation on a variety of timescales, but data quality and spatial coverage can be variable. An understanding of local scale spatial variations in wind is extremely important in wind farm siting. In the last 40 years, there have been significant advances in predicting these variations using computer models, although there remain significant challenges in understanding the behavior of the wind in certain environments. Both the spatial and temporal variations of wind are important considerations when wind power is integrated into electricity networks, and this will become an ever more important consideration as wind generation makes an increasing contribution to our global energy needs

The potential of wind and solar energy for development of hybrid energy system

This project is motivated by an interest in promoting the use of renewable energy to perform hybrid energy system as one of the alternative to replace the used of gas and coal as the main demand in producing electricity. With depleting local gas reserves and the need to adhere to stricter environmental regulations whilst still having to meet the requirement for growing electricity demand, the consideration of new options in the future generation fuel mix are inevitable. The main purpose of this project is to study on hybrid energy system and the potential of the system to run in UMP, Pekan based on the weather data collected. Two types of energy have been chosen to perform this project which are solar and wind energy. Weather meter and solar equipment are installed to obtain the data within a week and study on the possibilities of both energies if it is installed in this area. The graph shows the data collected within a week and also the highest temperature and wind speed that are captured. Besides that, calculation on types of solar equipment need to be used and wind turbine parameters also been done. Thus, both solar and wind energy able to capture 4W each which gives out total 8W of power produce a day. This is shown that both energies are potential to perform hybrid energy system in UMP Pekan

Class, CO2 and urban climate change mitigation: On saving energy in a post-industrial German city

As part of its urban redevelopment strategies, the city of Bremerhaven transformed itself into Germany’s centre for the offshore wind energy industry. Locally produced wind turbines have come to embody the promises of the city’s regeneration in the context of the nation’s once ambitious efforts to switch to renewable energies. The Energiewende should have resulted in a sustainable future for Bremerhaven, both in economic and ecological terms. However, as Germany’s poorest city, Bremerhaven continues to face severe social problems, from high unemployment to widespread poverty. Under these circumstances, the city pledged to fight the impact of non-renewable energy by becoming a Climate City. It started a process that shall result in the wholesale transformation of the city and its citizens. Bremerhaven’s climate change mitigation efforts involve various projects of energy education, which interpellate the whole strata of the local population into reducing the impact of their energy consumption. This chapter unpacks the logics and effects of such attempts at producing energy-efficient citizens by exploring how local activists conceptualise energy impacts in the context of urban poverty and deprivation. Whilst most of my informants take issues of class into consideration, they frame mitigation as an ethical, not a political project, falling short in demands for energy justice and citizens’ rights to secure environmental futures

Renewable Energy: Prospects, Politics, the Public, and Proximity

The way our electricity is generated is in a period of rapid change; in the United States and many other countries the system is becoming less reliant on coal based power systems, while natural gas and solar and wind power are becoming more and more important. Technological advances have made solar and wind power more efficient and increasingly cost-effective. While these changes to the electrical system come with great benefits, such as less pollution, these technologies are not free of impacts. The electrical system is inseparable from our modern lifestyle, and because the system is so large this transition will affect society in many ways. This dissertation analyzes one aspect of the social side of these changes in the electrical system by asking, what does the public think about renewable energy? In particular we examined how political beliefs, community differences, and residential distance from wind turbines might influence attitudes about renewable energy. We find that political belief is an important factor in predicting levels of support for renewable energy, with conservatives less likely to prefer renewable energy and liberals more supportive of its development. We also find distinct differences in how residents of particular communities tend to react to renewable energy and local wind power development. In addition, we find that living closer to wind turbines is not a good way to predict attitudes about wind energy. These results should help policy makers and developers to make better decisions about how and where we build utility-scale solar and wind electric power facilities by taking into consideration the nuances of personal and political beliefs as well as community differences

Wind turbine lifetime extension decision-making based on structural health monitoring

In this work, structural health monitoring data is applied to underpin a long-term wind farm lifetime extension strategy. Based on the outcome of the technical analysis, the case for an extended lifetime of 15 years is argued. Having established the lifetime extension strategy, the single wind turbine investigated within a wind farm is subjected to a bespoke economic lifetime extension case study. In this case study, the local wind resource is taken into consideration, paired with central, optimistic, and pessimistic operational cost assumptions. Besides a deterministic approach, a stochastic analysis is carried out based on Monte Carlo simulations of selected scenarios. Findings reveal the economic potential to operate profitably in a subsidy-free environment with a P90 levelised cost of energy of £25.02 if no component replacement is required within the nacelle and £42.53 for a complete replacement of blades, generator, and gearbox

Optimal Configuration of Wind-to-Ammonia with the Electric Network and Hydrogen Supply Chain: A Case Study of Inner Mongolia

Converting wind energy into ammonia (WtA) has been recognized as a promising pathway to enhance the usage of wind generation. This paper proposes a generic optimal configuration model of WtA at the network level to minimize the ammonia production cost by optimizing capacities and locations of WtA facilities including wind turbines, electrolyzers, hydrogen tanks and optimizing supply modes among regions. Specifically, the temporal fluctuation characteristics of wind resources, the operation flexibility of the ammonia synthesis reactor and the transport distances are considered. Three typical supply modes, i.e., the Local WtA, the EN (electric network)-based WtA and the HSC (hydrogen supply chain)-based WtA, combined with two energy transport modes including EN and HT (Hydrogen truck trailers) are included with the consideration of the maximal energy transport capacity of EN and transport distance per day of HT (500km). Real data of Inner Mongolia (a typical province in China with rich wind resources and existing ammonia industries) is employed to verify the effectiveness and significance of proposed model. The effect of above significant factors on optimal planning capacity of WtA facilities and optimal energy transport modes is analyzed, which provides guidelines for WtA configuration. The economic analysis shows that the average LCOA (levelized cost of ammonia) for WtA is approximately 0.57 euro/kg in Inner Mongolia and comparable to that for CtA (coal-to-ammonia, 0.41 euro/kg) with a reduction of 30% in capacity cost of the facilities

Managing wind power generation via indexed semi-markov model and copula

Because of the stochastic nature of wind turbines, the output power management of wind power generation (WPG) is a fundamental challenge for the integration of wind energy systems into either power systems or microgrids (i.e., isolated systems consisting of local wind energy systems only) in operation and planning studies. In general, a wind energy system can refer to both one wind farm consisting of a number of wind turbines and a given number of wind farms sited at the area in question. In power systems (microgrid) planning, a WPG should be quantified for the determination of the expected power flows and the analysis of the adequacy of power generation. Concerning this operation, the WPG should be incorporated into an optimal operation decision process, as well as unit commitment and economic dispatch studies. In both cases, the probabilistic investigation of WPG leads to a multivariate uncertainty analysis problem involving correlated random variables (the output power of either wind turbines that constitute wind farm or wind farms sited at the area in question) that follow different distributions. This paper advances a multivariate model of WPG for a wind farm that relies on indexed semi-Markov chains (ISMC) to represent the output power of each wind energy system in question and a copula function to reproduce the spatial dependencies of the energy systems’ output power. The ISMC model can reproduce long-term memory effects in the temporal dependence of turbine power and thus understand, as distinct cases, the plethora of Markovian models. Using copula theory, we incorporate non-linear spatial dependencies into the model that go beyond linear correlations. Some copula functions that are frequently used in applications are taken into consideration in the paper; i.e., Gumbel copula, Gaussian copula, and the t-Student copula with different degrees of freedom. As a case study, we analyze a real dataset of the output powers of six wind turbines that constitute a wind farm situated in Poland. This dataset is compared with the synthetic data generated by the model thorough the calculation of three adequacy indices commonly used at the first hierarchical level of power system reliability studies; i.e., loss of load probability (LOLP), loss of load hours (LOLH) and loss of load expectation (LOLE). The results will be compared with those obtained using other models that are well known in the econometric field; i.e., vector autoregressive models (VAR)

Consumers’ knowledge of bio-energetics

Our aim was to establish the specific objectives and toolkit of eco-energetic marketing targeting the North Hungarian region, through a primary survey of 600 persons. Our research objective was to examine – taking the region’s economic and social circumstances into consideration – what conditions, consumer reception, and affinity is needed to gain competitive advantage with the involvement of renewable energy sources, and also to point out the characteristics of how the population currently uses energy, its mode and satisfaction level. During the examination of consumers’ familiarity level with renewable energy sources we observed the dominance of solar, hydro, and wind energy, nevertheless, their knowledge about these renewable energy sources was rather superficial. Concerning the main sources of knowledge on renewable energy sources we can state that the respondents showed a preference for traditional media, such as television, the press, and radio. It is apparent – as opposed to similar results from previous research – that the reference groups were the least significant influential sources of information in respect of the whole spectrum of respondents. The results of the attitude examination established the following facts: of the factors associated with renewable energy sources, environment protection, inexpensiveness, local energy production, and investment demand were most frequently mentioned. All this suggests that respondents are well aware of the cleanness of renewable energy sources and also that these sources will probably be cheaper than fossil fuels. Most respondents would typically give moral rather than financial support for the implementation of such an initiative.renewable energy, attitude, associations, primary research, Consumer/Household Economics, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,