194,008 research outputs found
A foundation for machine learning in design
This paper presents a formalism for considering the issues of learning in design. A foundation for machine learning in design (MLinD) is defined so as to provide answers to basic questions on learning in design, such as, "What types of knowledge can be learnt?", "How does learning occur?", and "When does learning occur?". Five main elements of MLinD are presented as the input knowledge, knowledge transformers, output knowledge, goals/reasons for learning, and learning triggers. Using this foundation, published systems in MLinD were reviewed. The systematic review presents a basis for validating the presented foundation. The paper concludes that there is considerable work to be carried out in order to fully formalize the foundation of MLinD
Parameters for apple quality - 2 - and the development of the âinner quality conceptâ 2001-2003
We found clear correlations between management measures, tree characteristics and fruit characteristics. This means that growers can regulate apple quality during the growing season. On the basis of the two apple experiments, we can distinguish respective sets of growth and differentiation parameters and evaluate them in the light of conventional fruit cultivation science. Our results have little new value for fruit growing in practice, however. The value of our research lies in the approach developed to draw up a quality concept and the way in which we can apply this concept to crops about which little knowledge exists regarding the relationship between management measures, crop characteristics and product quality characteristics. Our research also offers a method
to validate experimental parameters
Information decomposition of symbolic sequences
We developed a non-parametric method of Information Decomposition (ID) of a
content of any symbolical sequence. The method is based on the calculation of
Shannon mutual information between analyzed and artificial symbolical
sequences, and allows the revealing of latent periodicity in any symbolical
sequence. We show the stability of the ID method in the case of a large number
of random letter changes in an analyzed symbolic sequence. We demonstrate the
possibilities of the method, analyzing both poems, and DNA and protein
sequences. In DNA and protein sequences we show the existence of many DNA and
amino acid sequences with different types and lengths of latent periodicity.
The possible origin of latent periodicity for different symbolical sequences is
discussed.Comment: 18 pages, 8 figure
Variational Characterisations of Separability and Entanglement of Formation
In this paper we develop a mathematical framework for the characterisation of
separability and entanglement of formation (EoF) of general bipartite states.
These characterisations are of the variational kind, meaning that separability
and EoF are given in terms of a function which is to be minimized over the
manifold of unitary matrices. A major benefit of such a characterisation is
that it directly leads to a numerical procedure for calculating EoF. We present
an efficient minimisation algorithm and an apply it to the bound entangled 3X3
Horodecki states; we show that their EoF is very low and that their distance to
the set of separable states is also very low. Within the same variational
framework we rephrase the results by Wootters (W. Wootters, Phys. Rev. Lett.
80, 2245 (1998)) on EoF for 2X2 states and present progress in generalising
these results to higher dimensional systems.Comment: 11 pages RevTeX, 4 figure
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