Citra Kawasan Konservasi Penyu Pesisir Pantai Yogyakarta Menggunakan Foto Udara Berbasis EmguCV

Wilayah konservasi penyu masih perlu dilestarikan dan terdokumentasikan melalui pemetaan titik pendaratan penyu dipesisir pantai. Saat ini upaya kegiatan pemetaan kawasan konservasi masih dilakukan dengan cara pengamatan lansung dan penandaan menggunakan peralatan sederhana. Di sisi lain proses dokumentasi titik pendaratan penyu menjadi kendala sebab tidak dibantu dengan peralatan memadai. Maka melalui penelitian ini, dengan penerapan teknologi pesawat tanpa awak (UAV) sehingga dapat membantu pengamatan secara langsung kawasan konseravasi melalui foto udara. Adapun dengan aplikasi hasil citra area konservasi dilakukan proses pembuatan citra panorama untuk mendokumentasikan peta kawasan konservasi. Penelitian ini membangun sebuah aplikasi pembuatan citra panorama memanfaatkan library EmguCV dengan metode penjahitan citra (Image Stitching). Analisis keberhasilan metode penjahitan citra menjadi citra panorama diperoleh rerata akurasi 94,91%

Conquest, Concord, and Consumption: Becoming Shang in Eastern China.

This dissertation research explores the making of the broader Shang world in the late second millennium B.C. Specifically, I investigate how aspects of the symbolic, social, and natural worlds converged in human interactions with animals, particularly in the realms of food and religious communication on the eastern frontier of the Shang civilization. As animals had symbolic and economic importance to the Shang, my research on patterned variation in animal remains from diverse archaeological contexts informs on status differences, economic conditions, and cultural change in the context of state expansion. While the state may have had an interest in promoting ritual institutions pertaining to its notions of order and legitimacy, local networks of power were often reproduced through simple and unconscious practices of everyday life and rituals. My dissertation investigates diverse aspects of human interaction with animals as potential loci for state reconfigurations of the ritual order as well as loci for parallel networks of power to diverge, subvert, or resist the state claim to centrality in the structure of Shang life. The process of "becoming Shang" can be best conceptualized as reconciling on-going tensions between the state's claim to supremacy and diverse local circumstances.Ph.D.AnthropologyUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/60866/1/limz_1.pd

Contributions to a herpetological community of practice: funds of knowledge of Lumbee youth

American Indian K-12 students comprise less than 1% of the student population in the US. In southeastern North Carolina, the largest North Carolina tribe of American Indians, Lumbees, live and attend schools where they often perform poorly on standardized tests. The Lumbee Indians generally live in areas that are rural and economically disadvantaged and they speak a dialect of English, which is seldom heard except near their homeland. Away from their homeland, Lumbee speech is often construed as non-Standard English. The Lumbees have close knit family relationships and where you come from and where you live are important facts to assess. Because Lumbees live in rural areas, they are often involved in outdoor activities such as hunting, fishing, and gardening. They have a strong sense of place, particularly regarding the Lumber River, which runs through their homeland. Historically, schools, community organizations and universities have not provided sufficient informal science education opportunities for Lumbee youth. The purpose of this study was to document the experiences of nine Lumbee youths at a residential, week-long herpetological education experience for Lumbee students and others. The Funds of Knowledge (FoK) that these students brought to this experience and how these FoK were integrated into the herpetology program’s Community of Practice (CoP) were examined. A mixed methods, ethnographically inspired, single case study was conducted and both qualitative and quantitative data were collected. Data collected included individual interviews, pre/post-tests, pre/post-surveys, observations and field notes. Analyses of qualitative and quantitative data demonstrated specific FoK of these Lumbee youths and the strategies they employed to be dynamic, contributing members of the informal science education herpetological CoP. As a result of the herpetology experience, significant positive changes in the attitudes of these Lumbee youths toward science and their understanding of related science concepts were apparent. The findings from this study suggest that these Lumbee youths have FoK from their rural ways of knowing and being that allow them to perform especially well in outdoor, environmental settings. Further, these youths are often reflective learners who do not put themselves forward in formal, classroom situations. Finally, their FoK serve them well as members of learning groups. For all of these reasons, outdoor informal environmental/science educational opportunities may provide favorable venues for Lumbee youth to demonstrate their abilities and interests in science

Proceedings of the 125th Annual Meeting of the Iowa Academy of Science [Program, 2013]

https://scholarworks.uni.edu/ias_docs/1001/thumbnail.jp

By the rivers of Babylon: patterns of heterarchy, sustainable wetland agroecology, and urban dynamics in old Babylonian Mashkan-shapir

Archaeological investigations of the largest urban centers in southern Mesopotamia have excluded collection and detailed interpretation of faunal remains. This exclusion has resulted in a biased interpretation of urban dynamics based largely on architecture, site planning, artifact distribution, and textual evidence. The samples that do exist from these sites are often incomplete. Additionally, textual evidence pertaining to animal exploitation is essentially silent when it comes to pig husbandry and offers little information on the exploitation of fish and other wild resources. While addressing these biases with the analysis of faunal material from the late second millennium (BCE) urban site of Mashkan-shapir, this study also aims to shed light on the complex interplay between urban life and the natural diversity of the southern Mesopotamian wetlands. The site is presented as a model for heterarchical sociopolitical organization and sustainable agroecological approach to subsistence. A fundamental link is made between sustainability and heterarchical organization and consensus. Results of the analysis of over 7000 specimens from excavation, as well as nearly 2900 specimens from systematic flotation, indicate that wetland resources were an integral part of the site economy. The data suggest pigs were a major dietary component, and suggest low intensity cultivation of free roaming "street pigs" as the likely pig rearing strategy. Ovicaprid remains indicate a strong bias towards sheep with the primary goal of wool production. The study attempts to describe and quantify the role of wetlands as a sustainable resource adding to the vitality and success of Mashkan-shapir. The data suggest an urban setting intimately linked to wetland ecosystems. This model of wetland exploitation is compared to both ancient and modern data including modern models of mixed species sustainable agroecosystems to illustrate the efficiency and sustainability of the proposed Mashkan-shapir model. The data from Mashkan-shapir suggest that a heretofore unexamined or hidden portion of the economy based on fishing, hunting, household level pig husbandry, and wetland resource exploitation, played a crucial role in the lives of Mesopotamian urbanites

Eocene turtles and whales from New Zealand

This thesis documents eleven specimens of Eocene turtles (Reptilia: Testudines: Dermochelyidae, Cheloniidae) and seven specimens of archaeocete whales (Mammalia: Cetacea: Basilosauridae) from New Zealand. All taxa derive from marine sediments from the New Zealand Bortonian, Kaiatan and Runangan Stages (late middle to late Eocene). The first fossil record of the family Dermochelyidae (genus Psephophorus) from the Southern Hemisphere is based on five specimens from the Waihao Greensand near Waimate in South Canterbury, and a dermochelyid humerus from the Burnside Mudstone near Dunedin. One large specimen from the Waihao Greensand is the holotype of the new species Psephophorus terrypratchetti Kohler, 1995b; other specimens are referred to this species. Comparisons with specimens from overseas show that the New Zealand Psephophorus fossils are distinctive in that keels are lacking on their secondary carapace, and primary carapace elements are more pronounced than in geologically younger species elsewhere. A cladistic analysis of dermochelyids, together with a new interpretation of the evolution of their secondary carapace, supports an early Tertiary origin for this group of marine turtles. Changes in the secondary armour during the late Pliocene to earliest Pleistocene are probably linked to a cooling world climate. The New Zealand Psephophorus fossils represent one of the earliest records of this genus worldwide. Elsewhere in the Southern Hemisphere, Eocene dermochelyids (undescribed) have been reported from Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Other fossil turtles from New Zealand include sparse non-dermochelyid material from the West Coast of the South Island and one specimen from the North Island (Kaipara Harbour, Northland). These fragments also indicate marine animals, which could not, however, be identified beyond family level. The New Zealand record of fossil turtles differs from the Australian record in that there are no terrestrial turtles reported from New Zealand, and no Tertiary marine turtles from Australia. This discrepancy may be explained by differences in preservation and accessibility of marine facies, but may also be due to insufficient prospecting work. Cetacean fossils (archaeocetes) are known from two formations, the Waihao Greensand in South Canterbury and the Mangatu Mudstone near Gisborne in the North Island. The six specimens from the Waihao Greensand are Bortonian to Kaiatan in age; they represent animals related to the dorudontine genus Zygorhiza, and an animal more than twice as large which could not be placed within a known archaeocete group. The age for the single specimen from the North Island, which is also referred to the dorudontine genus Zygorhiza, can only be given as middle to late Eocene. The La Meseta Formation of Seymour Island represents the nearest location from which archaeocetes and Eocene dermochelyids are reported. Large, nondorudontine cetacean fossils from Seymour Island may represent the same taxon as the large archaeocete fossil from New Zealand. The New Zealand archaeocetes form, apart from an isolated find from early Lutetian strata in Senegal, the second oldest record for Dorudontinae worldwide, and one of very few substantiated records of archaeocetes in the Southern Hemisphere; they are seen as an indicator for an early colonisation of southern seas by archaic whales. Because most of the archaeocete specimens and all but one dermochelyid derived from Bortonian to Kaiatan greensands in the Waihao River Basin, this area was mapped in detail. A fine-stratigraphy is established for the Waihao Greensand in the study area, based on two widespread index horizons, which are used to link outcrops and to establish the relative age of the different units of Waihao Greensand as exposed in different parts of this area. A depositional model for the Waihao Greensand is given, showing that the sediment was deposited during a steady rise in sea-level under tropical to subtropical conditions; it can be correlated approximately to a middle Lutetian to middle Bartonian age

Fire ant self-assemblages

Fire ants link their legs and jaws together to form functional structures called self- assemblages. Examples include floating rafts, towers, bridges, and bivouacs. We investigate these self-assemblages of fire ants. Our studies are motivated in part by the vision of providing guidance for programmable robot swarms. The goal for such systems is to develop a simple programmable element from which complex patterns or behaviors emerge on the collective level. Intelligence is decentralized, as is the case with social insects such as fire ants. In this combined experimental and theoretical study, we investigate the construction of two fire ant self-assemblages that are critical to the colony’s survival: the raft and the tower. Using time-lapse photography, we record the construction processes of rafts and towers in the laboratory. We identify and characterize individual ant behaviors that we consistently observe during assembly, and incorporate these behaviors into mathematical models of the assembly process. Our models accurately predict both the assemblages’ shapes and growth patterns, thus providing evidence that we have identified and analyzed the key mechanisms for these fire ant self-assemblages. We also develop novel techniques using scanning electron microscopy and micro-computed tomography scans to visualize and quantify the internal structure and packing properties of live linked fire ants. We compare our findings to packings of dead ants and similarly shaped granular material packings to understand how active arranging affects ant spacing and orientation. We find that ants use their legs to increase neighbor spacing and hence reduce their packing density by one-third compared to packings of dead ants. Also, we find that live ants do not align themselves in parallel with nearest neighbors as much as dead ants passively do. Our main contribution is the development of parsimonious mathematical models of how the behaviors of individuals result in the collective construction of fire ant assemblages. The models posit only simple observed behaviors based on local information, yet their mathe- matical analysis yields accurate predictions of assemblage shapes and construction rates for a wide range of ant colony sizes.Ph.D