Computed-Tomography (CT) Scan

A computed tomography (CT) scan uses X-rays and a computer to create detailed images of the inside of the body. CT scanners measure, versus different angles, X-ray attenuations when passing through different tissues inside the body through rotation of both X-ray tube and a row of X-ray detectors placed in the gantry. These measurements are then processed using computer algorithms to reconstruct tomographic (cross-sectional) images. CT can produce detailed images of many structures inside the body, including the internal organs, blood vessels, and bones. This book presents a comprehensive overview of CT scanning. Chapters address such topics as instrumental basics, CT imaging in coronavirus, radiation and risk assessment in chest imaging, positron emission tomography (PET), and feature extraction

Modelling and simulation of magnetic induction in magnetic particle imaging system

In the last century, tomographic imaging has become an essential tool for disease diagnosis. There are several dominant tomographic imaging methods used for medical application such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)

Two Regularization Models for Computed Tomography Image Reconstruction from Limited Projection Data

Computed tomography (CT) has been widely applied in medical imaging and industry for over decades. CT reconstruction from limited projection data is of particular importance. The total variation or l1-norm regularization has been widely used for image reconstruction in computed tomography (CT). Images in computed tomography (CT) are mostly piece-wise constant so the gradient images are considered as sparse images. The l0-norm of the gradients of an image provides a measurement of the sparsity of gradients of the image. However, the l0-norm regularization problem is NP hard. In this talk, we present two new models for CT image reconstruction from limited-angle projections. In one model we propose the smoothed l0-norm and l1-norm regularization using the nonmonotone alternating direction algorithm. In the other model we propose a combined l1-norm and l0-norm regularization model for better edge preserving

Introduction to morphological and functional evaluation of the heart and coronary arteries

In the last years, the number of clinical indications for the evaluation of the heart – with both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) – exponentially grew. This evidence reflects the remarkable technological developments of both techniques allowing unprecedented spatial, temporal and contrast resolution levels and to comprehensively evaluate cardiac pathology, combining anatomical information with functional assessment and tissue characterization of myocardial diseases

Diagnosis of dental problems in pet rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Dental problems are very common in pet rabbits. To establish a correct diagnosis of rabbit dental pathology, a general knowledge of normal dental anatomy and physiology is necessary. The specific anatomy and the most common pathologies of rabbit dentition are reviewed. Techniques for diagnosing dental abnormalities - such as clinical examination, radiography and computed tomography (CT) - are summarized. Finally two clinical cases of rabbits with dental pathologies are described

Imaging Right Iliac Fossa (RIF) pain

Abdominal pain is one of the most common causes for referral to the emergency department coming second only after chest pain. The RIF is the most common location for abdominal pain. Clinical assessment offers little to as aid the diagnosis of RIF pain. With developments in ultrasound (US) and both spiral and multidetector computed tomography (CT), an accurate diagnosis can be made and unnecessary surgery and potentially lethal complications may be avoided.peer-reviewe

EGFR inhibitor as second-line therapy in a patient with mutant RAS metastatic colorectal cancer: circulating tumor DNA to personalize treatment

A 47-year-old male patient presented in March 2016 to our unit with a palpable painless left supraclavicular mass. A whole-body contrastenhanced computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a left supraclavicular lymphadenopathy, transverse colon thickening (3 cm), multiple chest and abdominal lymphadenopathies, and peritoneal carcinomatosis. Colonoscopy revealed a bleeding area at 15 cm from the anal verge; biopsy was performed, and the result was negative for a primary cancer