Mobile Communication Networks and Digital Television Broadcasting Systems in the Same Frequency Bands – Advanced Co-Existence Scenarios

The increasing demand for wireless multimedia services provided by modern communication systems with stable services is a key feature of advanced markets. On the other hand, these systems can many times operate in a neighboring or in the same frequency bands. Therefore, numerous unwanted co-existence scenarios can occur. The aim of this paper is to summarize our results which were achieved during exploration and measurement of the co-existences between still used and upcoming mobile networks (from GSM to LTE) and digital terrestrial television broadcasting (DVB) systems. For all of these measurements and their evaluation universal measurement testbed has been proposed and used. Results presented in this paper are a significant part of our activities in work package WP5 in the ENIAC JU project “Agile RF Transceivers and Front-Ends for Future Smart Multi-Standard Communications Applications (ARTEMOS)”

A survey of digital television broadcast transmission techniques

This paper is a survey of the transmission techniques used in digital television (TV) standards worldwide. With the increase in the demand for High-Definition (HD) TV, video-on-demand and mobile TV services, there was a real need for more bandwidth-efficient, flawless and crisp video quality, which motivated the migration from analogue to digital broadcasting. In this paper we present a brief history of the development of TV and then we survey the transmission technology used in different digital terrestrial, satellite, cable and mobile TV standards in different parts of the world. First, we present the Digital Video Broadcasting standards developed in Europe for terrestrial (DVB-T/T2), for satellite (DVB-S/S2), for cable (DVB-C) and for hand-held transmission (DVB-H). We then describe the Advanced Television System Committee standards developed in the USA both for terrestrial (ATSC) and for hand-held transmission (ATSC-M/H). We continue by describing the Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting standards developed in Japan for Terrestrial (ISDB-T) and Satellite (ISDB-S) transmission and then present the International System for Digital Television (ISDTV), which was developed in Brazil by adopteding the ISDB-T physical layer architecture. Following the ISDTV, we describe the Digital Terrestrial television Multimedia Broadcast (DTMB) standard developed in China. Finally, as a design example, we highlight the physical layer implementation of the DVB-T2 standar

Utjecaj LTE sustava zasnovanog na kognitivnoj radio tehnologiji na DVB-T2 sustav zasnovan na metodi diverzifikacije

In recent years, the development of advanced wireless communication systems has been rapidly progressing. In Europe, the 2nd Generation Terrestrial Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB-T2) and Long-Term Evolution (LTE) are the most promising techniques to provide multimedia services efficiently (in flexible quality and with high spectrum efficiency). The purpose of this work is to explore possible influences of the LTE {uplink services}, using cognitive radio (CR) technology, on the area which is covered by DVB-T2 services. In the case of DVB-T2, both single-input single-output (SISO) and multiple-input single-output (MISO) transmission techniques are considered. The defined coexistence scenarios are measured with an appropriate measurement testbed. The performance of the received TV signal is evaluated on its physical layer (PHY) level. The obtained results allow better understand the influence of LTE system on DVB-T2 which is using diversity technique in the same RF channel (co-channel coexistence). One of the main results is that there are the same requirements on the Forward Error Correction (FEC) decoding process in the DVB-T2 receiver, when power imbalances between TV transmitters (an both SISO and MISO modes) are considered at the interfering LTE signal. This finding was also proved by analysis of variance (ANOVA).U posljednje vrijeme se znatno ubrzao razvoj naprednih bežičnih komunikacijskih sustava. U Europi metode prijenosa signala zasnovane na DVB-T2 (eng. 2nd Generation Terrestrial Digital Video Broadcasting) i LTE (eng. Long-Term Evolution) metodama najviše obećavaju u području učinkovitog pružanja multimedijalnih usluga (s prilagodivom kvalitetom i s visokom učinkovitosti spektra). U ovom radu je razmotrena mogućnost korištenja LTE signala uzlazne veze, uz korištenje kognitivne radio tehnologije, u području pokrivenom DVB-T2 signalom. Razmotrene su metode prijenosa DVB-T2 signala s jednim ulazom i jednim izlazom (eng. Single-Input Single-Output, SISO) te više ulaza i jednim izlazom (eng. Multiple-Input Single-Output, MISO). Definirani su scenariji koegzistencije i isti su izmjereni korištenjem prikladnog mjernog ispitnog stola. Kvaliteta primljenog TV signala je evaluirana na fizičkom sloju. Prikupljeni rezultati omogućuju bolje razumijevanje utjecaja LTE sustava na DVB-T2 koji koristi metodu diverzifikacije u istom radio-frekvencijskom kanalu (koegzistencija susjednog kanala). Jedan od glavnih rezultata je postojanje istih zahtjeva na proces dekodiranja s ispravljanjem pogrešaka u prijemniku (eng. Forward Error Correction) DVB-T2 prijemnika kada se neravnoteža snaga između TV predajnika (MISO i SISO režimi rada) uzima u obzir na interferirajućem LTE signalu. Navedeni rezultat potvrđen je analizom varijance

D21.3 Analysis of initial results at EuWIN@CTTC

Deliverable D21.3 del projecte europeu NEWCOM#The nature of this Deliverable of WP2.1 (“Radio interfaces for next-generation wireless systems”) is mainly descriptive and its purpose is to provide a report on the status of the different Joint Research Activities (JRAs) currently ongoing, some of them being performed on the facilities that are available at EuWInPeer ReviewedPreprin

A Cognitive TV White Space Access Framework

Given the current boom in applications and services for mobile devices, data traffic is rapidly expanding, with the consequence that increasing spectrum capacity is being mandated. Following the switchover from analogue to digital platforms, Television White Space (TVWS) affords a fertile opportunity to supplement existing licensed spectrum to ease this scarcity. There are however, a number of obstacles to wide-scale TVWS adoption, including the accurate detection of primary users (PU), the hidden node problem and bandwidth availability for unlicensed secondary users (SU). Regulatory and industry bodies have sought to address some of these issues using a static database for spectrum access decisions, though this involves manual maintenance and accuracy can be compromised due to a lack of real-time information. While the new IEEE802.11af wireless local area network (WLAN) standard attempts to resolve some SU access issues, there remain many challenges, such as the critical asymmetry between mobile and base station power resources. This thesis presents a new cognitive TVWS access framework encompassing a real-time sensing paradigm for TVWS deployment that uses a spectrum-efficient scheme to uphold quality-of-service (QoS) for both PU and SU. A novel dynamic spectrum allocation (DSA) model has been formulated allied with a resilient interference management system which exploits the unique way digital terrestrial TV channels are allocated in different geographical areas. A margin strategy has been framed to support efficient TVWS channel reuse, with an exclusion zone established to overcome the hidden node problem, while an innovative routing algorithm using cross-layer information, both extends coverage capacity and maximises QoS provision by ensuring a more balanced resource allocation. Critical evaluation of the new access framework confirms that significant QoS improvements for SU are achieved compared to existing TVWS techniques. It importantly embodies a generic, practical, resource-efficient solution for TVWS deployment, which is compliant with current PU regulatory requirements

D13.2 Techniques and performance analysis on energy- and bandwidth-efficient communications and networking

Deliverable D13.2 del projecte europeu NEWCOM#The report presents the status of the research work of the various Joint Research Activities (JRA) in WP1.3 and the results that were developed up to the second year of the project. For each activity there is a description, an illustration of the adherence to and relevance with the identified fundamental open issues, a short presentation of the main results, and a roadmap for the future joint research. In the Annex, for each JRA, the main technical details on specific scientific activities are described in detail.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Spectrum Policy and Management

This project provides an examination of the FCC’s policies towards spectrum reallocation. The project examines the National Broadband Plan and how the FCC has approached the goals described within it. The demand for broadband communications has increased dramatically in recent years and has resulted in a predicted spectrum deficit in the near future. In addition to a number of spectrum auctions and their winners the project examines how the redistribution of spectrum impacts the broadband community. The project also provides an examination of spectrum reallocation and policy in other countries, to provide a broader view of spectrum policy. Finally the project examines new spectrum technologies and spectrum usage policies to further examine how the US’s spectrum policies should evolve

Real-Time Implementation of Spectrum Sensing Techniques in Cognitive Radios

Wireless communication requirements of higher sampling frequencies and bandwidth are ever increasing. For this purpose, exploitation of underutilized spectrum bands was one the challenging research targets. Cognitive Radio (CR) is a promising solution to overcome the “limited bandwidth” issue. Software defined radio (SDR) is the enabler of CR. The aim of the thesis is to adopt the vacant TV channels for secondary users. Spectrum sensing prototype has been proposed to detect TV white space (TVWS). The prototype has been developed using Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) and examined to sense TVWS in the real time world. The conducting analysis of obtained measurements showed the state of unoccupied spectrum bands in the UHF band ranges from 500 MHz to 698 MHz in the urban area ofWindsor, Ontario, Canada. Two different spectrum sensing techniques namely, the energy detector, and pilot-tone detector were employed to get the result with minimum computational complexity. Experiments show that the presence of incumbent users can be easily detected using the spectrum sensing techniques mentioned in the thesis. The experimental results have demonstrated the validity of the proposed prototyp

The Case for Liberal Spectrum Licenses: A Technical and Economic Perspective

The traditional system of radio spectrum allocation has inefficiently restricted wireless services. Alternatively, liberal licenses ceding de facto spectrum ownership rights yield incentives for operators to maximize airwave value. These authorizations have been widely used for mobile services in the U.S. and internationally, leading to the development of highly productive services and waves of innovation in technology, applications and business models. Serious challenges to the efficacy of such a spectrum regime have arisen, however. Seeing the widespread adoption of such devices as cordless phones and wi-fi radios using bands set aside for unlicensed use, some scholars and policy makers posit that spectrum sharing technologies have become cheap and easy to deploy, mitigating airwave scarcity and, therefore, the utility of exclusive rights. This paper evaluates such claims technically and economically. We demonstrate that spectrum scarcity is alive and well. Costly conflicts over airwave use not only continue, but have intensified with scientific advances that dramatically improve the functionality of wireless devices and so increase demand for spectrum access. Exclusive ownership rights help direct spectrum inputs to where they deliver the highest social gains, making exclusive property rules relatively more socially valuable. Liberal licenses efficiently accommodate rival business models (including those commonly associated with unlicensed spectrum allocations) while mitigating the constraints levied on spectrum use by regulators imposing restrictions in traditional licenses or via use rules and technology standards in unlicensed spectrum allocations.

Architecture and algorithms for the implementation of digital wireless receivers in FPGA and ASIC: ISDB-T and DVB-S2 cases

[EN] The first generation of Terrestrial Digital Television(DTV) has been in service for over a decade. In 2013, several countries have already completed the transition from Analog to Digital TV Broadcasting, most of which in Europe. In South America, after several studies and trials, Brazil adopted the Japanese standard with some innovations. Japan and Brazil started Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting (DTTB) services in December 2003 and December 2007 respectively, using Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Terrestrial (ISDB-T), also known as ARIB STD-B31. In June 2005 the Committee for the Information Technology Area (CATI) of Brazilian Ministry of Science and Technology and Innovation MCTI approved the incorporation of the IC-Brazil Program, in the National Program for Microelectronics (PNM) . The main goals of IC-Brazil are the formal qualification of IC designers, support to the creation of semiconductors companies focused on projects of ICs within Brazil, and the attraction of semiconductors companies focused on the design and development of ICs in Brazil. The work presented in this thesis originated from the unique momentum created by the combination of the birth of Digital Television in Brazil and the creation of the IC-Brazil Program by the Brazilian government. Without this combination it would not have been possible to make these kind of projects in Brazil. These projects have been a long and costly journey, albeit scientifically and technologically worthy, towards a Brazilian DTV state-of-the-art low complexity Integrated Circuit, with good economy scale perspectives, due to the fact that at the beginning of this project ISDB-T standard was not adopted by several countries like DVB-T. During the development of the ISDB-T receiver proposed in this thesis, it was realized that due to the continental dimensions of Brazil, the DTTB would not be enough to cover the entire country with open DTV signal, specially for the case of remote localizations far from the high urban density regions. Then, Eldorado Research Institute and Idea! Electronic Systems, foresaw that, in a near future, there would be an open distribution system for high definition DTV over satellite, in Brazil. Based on that, it was decided by Eldorado Research Institute, that would be necessary to create a new ASIC for broadcast satellite reception. At that time DVB-S2 standard was the strongest candidate for that, and this assumption still stands nowadays. Therefore, it was decided to apply to a new round of resources funding from the MCTI - that was granted - in order to start the new project. This thesis discusses in details the Architecture and Algorithms proposed for the implementation of a low complexity Intermediate Frequency(IF) ISDB-T Receiver on Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) CMOS. The Architecture proposed here is highly based on the COordinate Rotation Digital Computer (CORDIC) Algorithm, that is a simple and efficient algorithm suitable for VLSI implementations. The receiver copes with the impairments inherent to wireless channels transmission and the receiver crystals. The thesis also discusses the Methodology adopted and presents the implementation results. The receiver performance is presented and compared to those obtained by means of simulations. Furthermore, the thesis also presents the Architecture and Algorithms for a DVB-S2 receiver targeting its ASIC implementation. However, unlike the ISDB-T receiver, only preliminary ASIC implementation results are introduced. This was mainly done in order to have an early estimation of die area to prove that the project in ASIC is economically viable, as well as to verify possible bugs in early stage. As in the case of ISDB-T receiver, this receiver is highly based on CORDIC algorithm and it was prototyped in FPGA. The Methodology used for the second receiver is derived from that used for the ISDB-T receiver, with minor additions given the project characteristics.[ES] La primera generación de Televisión Digital Terrestre(DTV) ha estado en servicio por más de una década. En 2013, varios países completaron la transición de transmisión analógica a televisión digital, la mayoría de ellas en Europa. En América del Sur, después de varios estudios y ensayos, Brasil adoptó el estándar japonés con algunas innovaciones. Japón y Brasil comenzaron a prestar el servicio de Difusión de Televisión Digital Terrestre (DTTB) en diciembre de 2003 y diciembre de 2007 respectivamente, utilizando Radiodifusión Digital de Servicios Integrados Terrestres (ISDB-T), también conocida como ARIB STD-B31. En junio de 2005, el Comité del Área de Tecnología de la Información (CATI) del Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación de Brasil - MCTI aprobó la incorporación del Programa CI-Brasil, en el Programa Nacional de Microelectrónica (PNM). Los principales objetivos de la CI-Brasil son la formación de diseñadores de CIs, apoyar la creación de empresas de semiconductores enfocadas en proyectos de circuitos integrados dentro de Brasil, y la atracción de empresas de semiconductores interesadas en el diseño y desarrollo de circuitos integrados. El trabajo presentado en esta tesis se originó en el impulso único creado por la combinación del nacimiento de la televisión digital en Brasil y la creación del Programa de CI-Brasil por el gobierno brasileño. Sin esta combinación no hubiera sido posible realizar este tipo de proyectos en Brasil. Estos proyectos han sido un trayecto largo y costoso, aunque meritorio desde el punto de vista científico y tecnológico, hacia un Circuito Integrado brasileño de punta y de baja complejidad para DTV, con buenas perspectivas de economía de escala debido al hecho que al inicio de este proyecto, el estándar ISDB-T no fue adoptado por varios países como DVB-T. Durante el desarrollo del receptor ISDB-T propuesto en esta tesis, se observó que debido a las dimensiones continentales de Brasil, la DTTB no sería suficiente para cubrir todo el país con la señal de televisión digital abierta, especialmente para el caso de localizaciones remotas, apartadas de las regiones de alta densidad urbana. En ese momento, el Instituto de Investigación Eldorado e Idea! Sistemas Electrónicos, previeron que en un futuro cercano habría un sistema de distribución abierto para DTV de alta definición por satélite en Brasil. Con base en eso, el Instituto de Investigación Eldorado decidió que sería necesario crear un nuevo ASIC para la recepción de radiodifusión por satélite, basada el estándar DVB-S2. En esta tesis se analiza en detalle la Arquitectura y algoritmos propuestos para la implementación de un receptor ISDB-T de baja complejidad y frecuencia intermedia (IF) en un Circuito Integrado de Aplicación Específica (ASIC) CMOS. La arquitectura aquí propuesta se basa fuertemente en el algoritmo Computadora Digital para Rotación de Coordenadas (CORDIC), el cual es un algoritmo simple, eficiente y adecuado para implementaciones VLSI. El receptor hace frente a las deficiencias inherentes a las transmisiones por canales inalámbricos y los cristales del receptor. La tesis también analiza la metodología adoptada y presenta los resultados de la implementación. Por otro lado, la tesis también presenta la arquitectura y los algoritmos para un receptor DVB-S2 dirigido a la implementación en ASIC. Sin embargo, a diferencia del receptor ISDB-T, se introducen sólo los resultados preliminares de implementación en ASIC. Esto se hizo principalmente con el fin de tener una estimación temprana del área del die para demostrar que el proyecto en ASIC es económicamente viable, así como para verificar posibles errores en etapa temprana. Como en el caso de receptor ISDB-T, este receptor se basa fuertemente en el algoritmo CORDIC y fue un prototipado en FPGA. La metodología utilizada para el segundo receptor se deriva de la utilizada para el re[CA] La primera generació de Televisió Digital Terrestre (TDT) ha estat en servici durant més d'una dècada. En 2013, diversos països ja van completar la transició de la radiodifusió de televisió analògica a la digital, i la majoria van ser a Europa. A Amèrica del Sud, després de diversos estudis i assajos, Brasil va adoptar l'estàndard japonés amb algunes innovacions. Japó i Brasil van començar els servicis de Radiodifusió de Televisió Terrestre Digital (DTTB) al desembre de 2003 i al desembre de 2007, respectivament, utilitzant la Radiodifusió Digital amb Servicis Integrats de (ISDB-T), coneguda com a ARIB STD-B31. Al juny de 2005, el Comité de l'Àrea de Tecnologia de la Informació (CATI) del Ministeri de Ciència i Tecnologia i Innovació del Brasil (MCTI) va aprovar la incorporació del programa CI Brasil al Programa Nacional de Microelectrònica (PNM). Els principals objectius de CI Brasil són la qualificació formal dels dissenyadors de circuits integrats, el suport a la creació d'empreses de semiconductors centrades en projectes de circuits integrats dins del Brasil i l'atracció d'empreses de semiconductors centrades en el disseny i desenvolupament de circuits integrats. El treball presentat en esta tesi es va originar en l'impuls únic creat per la combinació del naixement de la televisió digital al Brasil i la creació del programa Brasil CI pel govern brasiler. Sense esta combinació no hauria estat possible realitzar este tipus de projectes a Brasil. Estos projectes han suposat un viatge llarg i costós, tot i que digne científicament i tecnològica, cap a un circuit integrat punter de baixa complexitat per a la TDT brasilera, amb bones perspectives d'economia d'escala perquè a l'inici d'este projecte l'estàndard ISDB-T no va ser adoptat per diversos països, com el DVB-T. Durant el desenvolupament del receptor de ISDB-T proposat en esta tesi, va resultar que, a causa de les dimensions continentals de Brasil, la DTTB no seria suficient per cobrir tot el país amb el senyal de TDT oberta, especialment pel que fa a les localitzacions remotes allunyades de les regions d'alta densitat urbana.. En este moment, l'Institut de Recerca Eldorado i Idea! Sistemes Electrònics van preveure que, en un futur pròxim, no hi hauria a Brasil un sistema de distribució oberta de TDT d'alta definició a través de satèl¿lit. D'acord amb això, l'Institut de Recerca Eldorado va decidir que seria necessari crear un nou ASIC per a la recepció de radiodifusió per satèl¿lit. basat en l'estàndard DVB-S2. En esta tesi s'analitza en detall l'arquitectura i els algorismes proposats per l'execució d'un receptor ISDB-T de Freqüència Intermèdia (FI) de baixa complexitat sobre CMOS de Circuit Integrat d'Aplicacions Específiques (ASIC). L'arquitectura ací proposada es basa molt en l'algorisme de l'Ordinador Digital de Rotació de Coordenades (CORDIC), que és un algorisme simple i eficient adequat per implementacions VLSI. El receptor fa front a les deficiències inherents a la transmissió de canals sense fil i els cristalls del receptor. Esta tesi també analitza la metodologia adoptada i presenta els resultats de l'execució. Es presenta el rendiment del receptor i es compara amb els obtinguts per mitjà de simulacions. D'altra banda, esta tesi també presenta l'arquitectura i els algorismes d'un receptor de DVB-S2 de cara a la seua implementació en ASIC. No obstant això, a diferència del receptor ISDB-T, només s'introdueixen resultats preliminars d'implementació en ASIC. Això es va fer principalment amb la finalitat de tenir una estimació primerenca de la zona de dau per demostrar que el projecte en ASIC és econòmicament viable, així com per verificar possibles errors en l'etapa primerenca. Com en el cas del receptor ISDB-T, este receptor es basa molt en l'algorisme CORDIC i va ser un prototip de FPGA. La metodologia utilitzada per al segon receptor es deriva de la utilitzada per al receptor IRodrigues De Lima, E. (2016). Architecture and algorithms for the implementation of digital wireless receivers in FPGA and ASIC: ISDB-T and DVB-S2 cases [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/61967TESI