Comparison of the efficiency of time and frequency domain descriptors for the classification of selected wind instruments

By analyzing the physical features of the time domain and the frequency domain of the audio signal, it is possible to determine its source and use appropriate algorithms to automatically classify of it. The issue of sound indexing deals with the analysis of different classes and sources - including signals from musical instruments. By calculating the values of descriptors and classifying them, we obtain information about the type of instrument and its structure - most often the material from which it was made. During the conducted research, it turned out that a different composition of the feature vector is implemented to describe brass instruments and a different one for wooden instruments. In this case, the key feature may be harmonic highs in the frequency domain. The conducted experiments concern an attempt to parameterize wind instruments (aerophones) in order to compare the classification effectiveness of time and spectral descriptors. Sounds from a tube, a flute and a soprano saxophone were used for research. The sample population for each instrument was 21.Analizując fizyczne cechy domeny czasu i domeny częstotliwości sygnału audio można okreslić jego źródło i przy pomocy własciwych algorytmów dokonac jego automatycznej klasyfikacji. Kwestia indeksacji dźwięku dotyczy analizy różnych klas i źródeł – także sygnałów wywodzących się z instrumentów muzycznych. Obliczając wartości deskryptorów i dokonując ich klasyfikacji uzyskujemy informację o typie instrumentu oraz jego budowie - najczęściej materiału, z którego zostal wykonany. Podczas prowadzonych badań okazało się, że różna kompozycja wektora cech jest implementowana do opisu instrumentów blaszanych oraz inna dla instrumentów drewnianych. W tym przypadku cechą kluczową mogą być składowe wyże harmoniczne w postaci częstotliwościowej dźwieku. Przeprowadzone eksperymenty dotyczą próby parametryzacji instrumentów dętych (aerofonów) w celu porównania skuteczności klasyfikacyjnej deskryptorów czasowych i widmowych. Do badań przeznaczono dźwieki pochodzace z tuby, fletu oraz saksofonu sopranowego. Populacja próbek dla każdego instrumentu wynosiła 21

Feature Selection Approaches for Optimising Music Emotion Recognition Methods

The high feature dimensionality is a challenge in music emotion recognition. There is no common consensus on a relation between audio features and emotion. The MER system uses all available features to recognize emotion; however, this is not an optimal solution since it contains irrelevant data acting as noise. In this paper, we introduce a feature selection approach to eliminate redundant features for MER. We created a Selected Feature Set (SFS) based on the feature selection algorithm (FSA) and benchmarked it by training with two models, Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Random Forest (RF) and comparing them against with using the Complete Feature Set (CFS). The result indicates that the performance of MER has improved for both Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Regression (SVR) models by using SFS. We found using FSA can improve performance in all scenarios, and it has potential benefits for model efficiency and stability for MER task

Literature review of the remote sensing of natural resources

Abstracts of 596 documents related to remote sensors or the remote sensing of natural resources by satellite, aircraft, or ground-based stations are presented. Topics covered include general theory, geology and hydrology, agriculture and forestry, marine sciences, urban land use, and instrumentation. Recent documents not yet cited in any of the seven information sources used for the compilation are summarized. An author/key word index is provided

A Descriptive Analysis Of The National Council For Accreditation Of Teacher Education Master\u27s In Teacher Leadership Programs From 1980 - Present

This study focused on the 28 institutions that are members of the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE) and offer Master\u27s in Teacher Leadership programs that they describe on their websites. Those programs were researched looking for similarities and differences across programs, specifically researching their Carnegie Foundation Classifications, geographical location, and basic program descriptors. A document-analysis was conducted on a sub-sample of three institutions that provided access to core course syllabi on-line looking for the embedded knowledge, skills, and dispositions within their coursework. These knowledge, skills, and dispositions were then compared to the Teacher Leader Model Standards developed by the Teacher Leader Exploratory Consortium to uncover if the program goals aligned with the standards. Recommendations are made for policy, practice and future research related to the development of teacher leadership

Child Maltreatment Severity Questionnaire (MSQ) for professionals: development, validity, and reliability evidence

This article presents the development and validation of the child Maltreatment Severity Questionnaire (MSQ), aiming to contribute to increase the quality and efficiency of evaluation processes in the Child Protection System (CPS). To obtain a valid and reliable instrument, a set of studies was developed: Study 1—Based on two previous studies, the questionnaire was developed and the severity level of the items within maltreatment subtypes was assigned by 93 professionals from the welfare and CPS system. Consensus about the severity levels was assessed and described in terms of within-item reliability rankings; Study 2—The MSQ was filled out for 253 children and adolescents referred to the CPS. To ensure that the items within different subtypes of maltreatment were homogenous and had internal consistency, a reliability analysis was performed; Study 3—The MSQ was filled out for 1,000 children and adolescents referred to the CPS. This study involved testing validity evidence through an exploratory and a confirmatory factor analysis. We also analyzed the internal consistency, sensibility (i.e., sex and age differences) and concurrent validity of the MSQ. Findings support the adequacy and reliability of the MSQ to be used by CPS professionals in evaluating child maltreatment.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

A survey on the use of relevance feedback for information access systems

Users of online search engines often find it difficult to express their need for information in the form of a query. However, if the user can identify examples of the kind of documents they require then they can employ a technique known as relevance feedback. Relevance feedback covers a range of techniques intended to improve a user's query and facilitate retrieval of information relevant to a user's information need. In this paper we survey relevance feedback techniques. We study both automatic techniques, in which the system modifies the user's query, and interactive techniques, in which the user has control over query modification. We also consider specific interfaces to relevance feedback systems and characteristics of searchers that can affect the use and success of relevance feedback systems

Assessing collaborative learning: big data, analytics and university futures

Traditionally, assessment in higher education has focused on the performance of individual students. This focus has been a practical as well as an epistemic one: methods of assessment are constrained by the technology of the day, and in the past they required the completion by individuals under controlled conditions, of set-piece academic exercises. Recent advances in learning analytics, drawing upon vast sets of digitally-stored student activity data, open new practical and epistemic possibilities for assessment and carry the potential to transform higher education. It is becoming practicable to assess the individual and collective performance of team members working on complex projects that closely simulate the professional contexts that graduates will encounter. In addition to academic knowledge this authentic assessment can include a diverse range of personal qualities and dispositions that are key to the computer-supported cooperative working of professionals in the knowledge economy. This paper explores the implications of such opportunities for the purpose and practices of assessment in higher education, as universities adapt their institutional missions to address 21st Century needs. The paper concludes with a strong recommendation for university leaders to deploy analytics to support and evaluate the collaborative learning of students working in realistic contexts

Multivariate Analysis in Management, Engineering and the Sciences

Recently statistical knowledge has become an important requirement and occupies a prominent position in the exercise of various professions. In the real world, the processes have a large volume of data and are naturally multivariate and as such, require a proper treatment. For these conditions it is difficult or practically impossible to use methods of univariate statistics. The wide application of multivariate techniques and the need to spread them more fully in the academic and the business justify the creation of this book. The objective is to demonstrate interdisciplinary applications to identify patterns, trends, association sand dependencies, in the areas of Management, Engineering and Sciences. The book is addressed to both practicing professionals and researchers in the field