346,652 research outputs found
On the Feasibility of Transfer-learning Code Smells using Deep Learning
Context: A substantial amount of work has been done to detect smells in
source code using metrics-based and heuristics-based methods. Machine learning
methods have been recently applied to detect source code smells; however, the
current practices are considered far from mature. Objective: First, explore the
feasibility of applying deep learning models to detect smells without extensive
feature engineering, just by feeding the source code in tokenized form. Second,
investigate the possibility of applying transfer-learning in the context of
deep learning models for smell detection. Method: We use existing metric-based
state-of-the-art methods for detecting three implementation smells and one
design smell in C# code. Using these results as the annotated gold standard, we
train smell detection models on three different deep learning architectures.
These architectures use Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs) of one or two
dimensions, or Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) as their principal hidden
layers. For the first objective of our study, we perform training and
evaluation on C# samples, whereas for the second objective, we train the models
from C# code and evaluate the models over Java code samples. We perform the
experiments with various combinations of hyper-parameters for each model.
Results: We find it feasible to detect smells using deep learning methods. Our
comparative experiments find that there is no clearly superior method between
CNN-1D and CNN-2D. We also observe that performance of the deep learning models
is smell-specific. Our transfer-learning experiments show that
transfer-learning is definitely feasible for implementation smells with
performance comparable to that of direct-learning. This work opens up a new
paradigm to detect code smells by transfer-learning especially for the
programming languages where the comprehensive code smell detection tools are
not available
Using the Asian Knowledge Model âAPOâ as a Determinant for Performance Excellence in Universities- Empirical Study at Al -Azhar University- Gaza
This study aims to use the Asian knowledge model âAPOâ as a determinant for performance excellence in universities and identifying the most effecting factors on it. This study was applied on Al-Azhar University in Gaza strip. The result of the study showed that (APO) model is valid as a measure and there are four dimensions in the model affecting significantly more than the others (university processes, KM leadership, personnel, KM outputs). Furthermore, performance excellence produced though modernizing the means of education, curriculum development, technology and flexibility in the organizational structure. The study recommends expanding the usage of (APO) model, enhancing the role of knowledge leadership, technology, organizational flexibility, sharing culture and incentive systems that encouraging innovation
Performance evaluation of an open distributed platform for realistic traffic generation
Network researchers have dedicated a notable part of their efforts
to the area of modeling traffic and to the implementation of efficient traffic
generators. We feel that there is a strong demand for traffic generators
capable to reproduce realistic traffic patterns according to theoretical
models and at the same time with high performance. This work presents an open
distributed platform for traffic generation that we called distributed
internet traffic generator (D-ITG), capable of producing traffic (network,
transport and application layer) at packet level and of accurately replicating
appropriate stochastic processes for both inter departure time (IDT) and
packet size (PS) random variables. We implemented two different versions of
our distributed generator. In the first one, a log server is in charge of
recording the information transmitted by senders and receivers and these
communications are based either on TCP or UDP. In the other one, senders and
receivers make use of the MPI library. In this work a complete performance
comparison among the centralized version and the two distributed versions of
D-ITG is presented
Coupled TRNSYS-CFD simulations evaluating the performance of PCM plate heat exchangers in an Airport Terminal building displacement conditioning system
This is the post-print version of the Article. The official published version can be accessed from the link below. Copyright @ 2013 Elsevier.This paper reports on the energy performance evaluation of a displacement ventilation (DV) system in an airport departure hall, with a conventional DV diffuser and a diffuser retrofitted with a phase change material storage heat exchanger (PCM-HX). A TRNSYS-CFD quasi-dynamic coupled simulation method was employed for the analysis, whereby TRNSYSÂź simulates the HVAC and PID control system and ANSYS FLUENTÂź is used to simulate the airflow inside the airport terminal space. The PCM-HX is also simulated in CFD, and is integrated into the overall model as a secondary coupled component in the TRNSYS interface. Different night charging strategies of the PCM-HX were investigated and compared with the conventional DV diffuser. The results show that: i) the displacement ventilation system is more efficient for cooling than heating a space; ii) the addition of a PCM-HX system reduces the heating energy requirements during the intermediate and summer periods for specific night charging strategies, whereas winter heating energy remains unaffected; iii) the PCM-HX reduces cooling energy requirements, and; iv) maximum energy savings of 34% are possible with the deployment of PCM-HX retrofitted DV diffuser.This work was funded by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), Grant No: EP/H004181/1
EU and OECD benchmarking and peer review compared
Benchmarking and peer review are essential elements of the so-called EU open method of coordination (OMC) which has been contested in the literature for lack of effectiveness. In this paper we compare benchmarking and peer review procedures as used by the EU with those used by the OECD. Different types of benchmarking and peer review are distinguished and pitfalls for (international) benchmarking are discussed. We find that the OECD has a clear single objective for its benchmarking and peer review activities (i.e. horizontal policy transfers) whereas the EU suffers from a mix of objectives (a. horizontal policy learning; b. EU wide vertical policy coordination and c. multilateral monitoring and surveillance under the shadow of hierarchy). Whereas the OECD is able to skirt around most of the benchmarking pitfalls, this is not the case for the EU. It is argued that, rather than continue working with the panacea OMC benchmarking and peer review currently represents, EU benchmarking should take a number of more distinct shapes in order to improve effectiveness. Moreover, in some areas benchmarking and peer review are not sufficient coordination tools, and are at best additional to those means of coordination that include enforceable sanctions
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATIONS PREPARED BY STUDENTS WITH AND WITHOUT LEGAL QUALIFICATIONS
In our paper, we present the results of the second phase of a study conducted in collaboration between two higher education institutions in Hungary with different types of translator training: a postgraduate (MA) course at the University of Szeged (SZTE), Faculty of Arts, and a postgraduate specialist training course at PĂĄzmĂĄny PĂ©ter Catholic University, Budapest (PPKE JĂK), Faculty of Law and Political Sciences. At SZTE, students do not have any legal qualifications, while at PPKE JĂK, students are all qualified legal professionals. Our main research question was whether there are significant differences in the quality of legal translations carried out by students with and without legal qualifications. We analyzed and evaluated the global (holistic) quality of the translations using a five-point scale as suggested by Kiraly (1995: 83), and compared types of errors made by the two groups of students with the help of a special error typology. Our results show that students with legal qualifications perform better in terms of both global and analytic indicators, with significantly less errors made in information transfer and in legal register. W niniejszym artykule zostanÄ
zaprezentowane wyniki drugiego etapu badania przeprowadzonego jako projekt wspĂłlny dwĂłch jednostek szkolnictwa wyĆŒszego o rĂłĆŒnych rodzajach ksztaĆcenia translatorskiego na studiach magisterskich: Uniwersytetu Szeged, WydziaĆ Sztuki (SZTE) i specjalistyczne studia podyplomowe z zakresu przekĆadoznawstwa na Wydziale Prawa i Nauk Politycznych Katolickiego Uniwersytetu PĂĄzmĂĄny PĂ©tera w Budapeszcie (PPKE JĂK). Na SZTE studenci nie posiadajÄ
wyksztaĆcenia prawniczego, podczas gdy na PPKE JAK wszyscy uczestnicy to wykwalifikowani prawnicy. GĆĂłwnym zaĆoĆŒeniem byĆo sprawdzenie, czy istniejÄ
znaczÄ
ce rĂłĆŒnice w jakoĆci przekĆadu prawniczego przeprowadzonego przez studentĂłw z i bez wyksztaĆcenia prawniczego. Przeanalizowano i oceniono jakoĆÄ caĆoĆciowÄ
(holistycznie) przy uĆŒyciu 5-stopniowej skali Kiralyâego (1995: 83) i porĂłwnano rodzaje bĆÄdĂłw przy uĆŒyciu okreĆlonej typologii bĆÄdĂłw. Badanie wykazaĆo, ĆŒe studenci z wyksztaĆceniem prawniczym wypadli lepiej w kategoriach ogĂłlnych i analitycznych, przy znacznie mniejszej liczbie bĆÄdĂłw popeĆnianych przy przekazywaniu informacji i rejestrze prawnym
Detailed evaluation of data analysis tools for subtyping of bacterial isolates based on whole genome sequencing : Neisseria meningitidis as a proof of concept
Whole genome sequencing is increasingly recognized as the most informative approach for characterization of bacterial isolates. Success of the routine use of this technology in public health laboratories depends on the availability of well-characterized and verified data analysis methods. However, multiple subtyping workflows are now often being used for a single organism, and differences between them are not always well described. Moreover, methodologies for comparison of subtyping workflows, and assessment of their performance are only beginning to emerge. Current work focuses on the detailed comparison of WGS-based subtyping workflows and evaluation of their suitability for the organism and the research context in question. We evaluated the performance of pipelines used for subtyping of Neisseria meningitidis, including the currently widely applied cgMLST approach and different SNP-based methods. In addition, the impact of the use of different tools for detection and filtering of recombinant regions and of different reference genomes were tested. Our benchmarking analysis included both assessment of technical performance of the pipelines and functional comparison of the generated genetic distance matrices and phylogenetic trees. It was carried out using replicate sequencing datasets of high- and low-coverage, consisting mainly of isolates belonging to the clonal complex 269. We demonstrated that cgMLST and some of the SNP-based subtyping workflows showed very good performance characteristics and highly similar genetic distance matrices and phylogenetic trees with isolates belonging to the same clonal complex. However, only two of the tested workflows demonstrated reproducible results for a group of more closely related isolates. Additionally, results of the SNP-based subtyping workflows were to some level dependent on the reference genome used. Interestingly, the use of recombination-filtering software generally reduced the similarity between the gene-by-gene and SNP-based methodologies for subtyping of N. meningitidis. Our study, where N. meningitidis was taken as an example, clearly highlights the need for more benchmarking comparative studies to eventually contribute to a justified use of a specific WGS data analysis workflow within an international public health laboratory context
Systematic review of the current status of cadaveric simulation for surgical training
Background:
There is growing interest in and provision of cadaveric simulation courses for surgical trainees. This is being driven by the need to modernize and improve the efficiency of surgical training within the current challenging training climate. The objective of this systematic review is to describe and evaluate the evidence for cadaveric simulation in postgraduate surgical training.
Methods:
A PRISMAâcompliant systematic literature review of studies that prospectively evaluated a cadaveric simulation training intervention for surgical trainees was undertaken. All relevant databases and trial registries were searched to January 2019. Methodological rigour was assessed using the widely validated Medical Education Research Quality Index (MERSQI) tool.
Results:
A total of 51 studies were included, involving 2002 surgical trainees across 69 cadaveric training interventions. Of these, 22 assessed the impact of the cadaveric training intervention using only subjective measures, five measured impact by change in learner knowledge, and 23 used objective tools to assess change in learner behaviour after training. Only one study assessed patient outcome and demonstrated transfer of skill from the simulated environment to the workplace. Of the included studies, 67 per cent had weak methodology (MERSQI score less than 10·7).
Conclusion:
There is an abundance of relatively lowâquality evidence showing that cadaveric simulation induces shortâterm skill acquisition as measured by objective means. There is currently a lack of evidence of skill retention, and of transfer of skills following training into the live operating theatre
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