Technology Forecasting Using Data Mining and Semantics: First Annual Report

The planning and management of research and development is a challenging process which is compounded by the large amounts of information which is available. The goal of this project is to mine science and technology databases for patterns and trends which facilitate the formation of research strategies. Examples of the types of information sources which we exploit are diverse and include academic journals, patents, blogs and news stories. The intended outputs of the project include growth forecasts for various technological sectors (with an emphasis on sustainable energy), an improved understanding of the underlying research landscape, as well as the identification of influential researchers or research groups. This paper focuses on the development of techniques to both organize and visualize the data in a way which reflects the semantic relationships between keywords. We studied the use of the joint term frequencies of pairs of keywords, as a means of characterizing this semantic relationship – this is based on the intuition that terms which frequently appear together are more likely to be closely related. Some of the results reported herein describe: (1) Using appropriate tools and methods, exploitable patterns and information can certainly be extracted from publicly available databases, (2) Adaptation of the Normalized Google Distance (NGD) formalism can provide measures of keyword distances that facilitate keyword clustering and hierarchical visualization, (3) Further adaptation of the NGD formalism can be used to provide an asymmetric measure of keyword distances to allow the automatic creation of a keyword taxonomy, and (4) Adaptation of the Latent Semantic Approach (LSA) can be used to identify concepts underlying collections of keywords

Guidance for the integrated use of hydrological, geochemical, and isotopic tools in mining operations

This paper summarizes international state-of-the-art applications and opportunities for employing and deploying hydrological, geochemical, and isotopic tools in an integrated manner for investigations of mining operations. It is intended to aid formulation of more integrated approaches for evaluating the overall sustainability of mining projects. The focus is particularly on mine waters, including: environmental water sources, mine water dynamics, and as a source and vector for pollution in the wider environment. The guidance is generic to mining projects and not just reflective of a particular extraction (e.g. coal, metalliferous, uranium) industry. A mine life cycle perspective has been adopted to highlight the potential for more integrated investigations at each stage of a mining operation. Three types of mines have been considered: new (i.e. those in the planning stage), active (i.e. working mines), and historical mines (i.e. inactive and abandoned mines). The practical usage of geochemical analyses and isotopic studies described here emphasise characterisation, dynamics, and process understanding for water quality considerations in tandem with water resource and environmental impact implications. Both environmental (i.e. ambient) and applied (i.e. injected) tracers are considered. This guide is written for scientists (including isotope specialists) who have limited or no mine water experience, environmental managers, planners, consultants, and regulators with key interests in planned, active, and legacy mining projects.The authors thank the IAEA for inviting us to collate an initial report on guidelines from 2018-06-25–28 in Vienna. We thank Chris Gammons for allowing us to use one of his fgures. We especially thank Umaya Doss Saravana Kumar, Lucia Ortega, and Araguás-Araguás from IAEA for assistance, and Andrea Nick for input during the meeting. Special thanks to our reviewers who substantially helped improve the structure and content of this guidance document

Proceedings of 2009 Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

This conference was planned and conducted as part of the state water resources research annual program with the support and collaboration of the Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey and the University of Kentucky Research Foundation, under Grant Agreement Number 06HQGR0087. The views and conclusions contained in this document and presented at the symposium are those of the abstract authors and presenters and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government or other symposium organizers and sponsors

Data Mining

The availability of big data due to computerization and automation has generated an urgent need for new techniques to analyze and convert big data into useful information and knowledge. Data mining is a promising and leading-edge technology for mining large volumes of data, looking for hidden information, and aiding knowledge discovery. It can be used for characterization, classification, discrimination, anomaly detection, association, clustering, trend or evolution prediction, and much more in fields such as science, medicine, economics, engineering, computers, and even business analytics. This book presents basic concepts, ideas, and research in data mining

Biomass as Renewable Energy: Worldwide Research Trends

The world’s population continues to grow at a high rate, such that today’s population is twice that of 1960, and is projected to increase further to 9 billion by 2050. This situation has brought about a situation in which the percentage of the global energy used in cities is increasing considerably. Biomass is a resource that is present in a variety of different materials: wood, sawdust, straw, seed waste, manure, paper waste, household waste, wastewater, etc. Biomass resources have traditionally been used, and their use is becoming increasingly important due to their economic potential, as there are significant annual volumes of agricultural production, whose by-products can be used as a source of energy and are even being promoted as so-called energy crops, specifically for this purpose. The main objective of this work was to analyze the state of research and trends in biomass for renewable energy from 1978 to 2018 to help the research community understand the current situation and future trends, as well as the situation of countries in the international context, all of which provides basic information to facilitate decision-making by those responsible for scientific policy. The main countries that are investigating the subject of biomass as a renewable energy, as measured by scientific production, are the United States, followed by China, India, Germany and Italy. The most productive institutions in this field are the Chinese Academy of Sciences, followed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet and the Ministry of Education in China. This study also identifies communities based on the keywords of the publications obtained from a bibliographic search. Six communities or clusters were found. The two most important are focused on obtaining liquid fuels from biomass. Finally, based on the collaboration between countries and biomass research, eight clusters were observed. All this is centered on three countries belonging to different clusters: USA, India and the UK

Selected Papers from SDEWES 2017: The 12th Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems

EU energy policy is more and more promoting a resilient, efficient and sustainable energy system. Several agreements have been signed in the last few months that set ambitious goals in terms of energy efficiency and emission reductions and to reduce the energy consumption in buildings. These actions are expected to fulfill the goals negotiated at the Paris Agreement in 2015. The successful development of this ambitious energy policy needs to be supported by scientific knowledge: a huge effort must be made in order to develop more efficient energy conversion technologies based both on renewables and fossil fuels. Similarly, researchers are also expected to work on the integration of conventional and novel systems, also taking into account the needs for the management of the novel energy systems in terms of energy storage and devices management. Therefore, a multi-disciplinary approach is required in order to achieve these goals. To ensure that the scientists belonging to the different disciplines are aware of the scientific progress in the other research areas, specific Conferences are periodically organized. One of the most popular conferences in this area is the Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems (SDEWES) Series Conference. The 12th Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems Conference was recently held in Dubrovnik, Croatia. The present Special Issue of Energies, specifically dedicated to the 12th SDEWES Conference, is focused on five main fields: energy policy and energy efficiency in smart energy systems, polygeneration and district heating, advanced combustion techniques and fuels, biomass and building efficiency

Ecotoxicological risk of microplastics for marine organisms

La presenza di Microplastiche (MP) negli oceani rappresenta una problematica emergente per l’ecosistema marino; è ormai stato dimostrato che le MP possono essere ingerire da diverse specie di organismi, ma non è stata ancora dimostrata la capacità di trasferimento trofico e di accumulo di queste microparticelle, e sono ancora molto carenti le informazioni sui effetti avversi indotti. In questo lavoro di ricerca, il ruolo di alcuni polimeri plastici, come vettori di inquinanti chimici, è stato inizialmente valutato su campioni di macro-plastiche vergini, macro- e micro-plastiche spiaggiate. Tramite esperimenti di laboratorio, sono state invece studiate sia le cinetiche di adsorbimento del pirene e del cadmio in MP di polietilene (PE) e polistirene (PS), che la loro capacità di trasferire i composti adsorbiti ai mitili, Mytilus galloprovincialis. In questi organismi esposti sono stati analizzati diversi effetti a livello molecolare, biochimico e cellulare, incluse le risposte immunologiche, le alterazioni lisosomiali, la proliferazione perossisomiale, le difese antiossidanti, gli effetti neurotossici, genotossici oltre che il profilo di espressione genica. E’ stato inoltre ottimizzato e applicato un nuovo protocollo per l'estrazione e caratterizzazione (FT-IR) delle MP su diverse specie di pesci e invertebrati del Mar Mediterraneo. I livelli di IPA maggiori sono stati misurati nelle micro e macro-plastiche spiaggiate, mentre un efficiente assorbimento delle sostanze chimiche è stato confermato, sia per il PE che PS, con una modalità di adsorbimento tempo e dose-dipendente. Indagini istologiche hanno rivelato la presenza di MP nell’emolinfa, nelle branchie e nei tessuti digestivi dei mitili. Gli IPA adsorbiti sono stati rilasciati dalle MP e accumulati nei tessuti dei mitili che hanno mostrato alterazioni di diversi biomarker sia molecolari che cellulari. Il protocollo di estrazione sviluppato ha permesso di dimostrare la presenza di MP nello stomaco e, per la prima volta, nel fegato di cefali esposti. Studi sul campo hanno evidenziato la presenza di particelle nel 38% degli organismi selvatici analizzati, con una maggior frequenza di MP sotto forma di frammenti e linee, costituiti preferenzialmente da PE, PS e nylon. In conclusione, questa tesi fornisce nuove informazioni sui rischi ecotossicologici delle MP per gli organismi marini oltre che un’importante linea di base sul livello di contaminazione da MP nel biota Mediterraneo.Microplastics (MPs) are a growing but still unexplored environmental concern for marine organisms. Although several species can ingest MPs, a clear evidence of their accumulation pathways, trophic transfer and adverse effects is still lacking. In this thesis, the potential role of MPs as vectors of chemical pollutants was initially evaluated in virgin macroplastics, beached macro- and microplastics; laboratory experiments further characterized adsorbing kinetics of pyrene and cadmium on polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS) MPs, and their capability to transfer adsorbed pyrene to mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis. In these organisms, several molecular, biochemical and cellular effects were analyzed in term of immunological responses, lysosomal alterations, peroxisomal proliferation, antioxidant and neurotoxic effects, genotoxicity and gene expression profile. A new protocol for extraction and FT-IR characterization of MPs in marine organisms was optimized and applied to several species of Mediterranean fish and invertebrates. Load of PAHs was higher in weathered and micron-sized particles, and an efficient adsorption of chemicals was confirmed with a time- and dose-dependent trend for both PE and PS. Histological analyses revealed occurrence of ingested MPs in haemolymph, gills and digestive tissues of mussels. Adsorbed PAHs were desorbed from MPs and bioavailable for mussels that showed many altered several molecular and cellular biomarkers. The developed extraction protocol allowed to demonstrate the presence of MPs in the stomach and, for the first time, in liver of exposed Mugil cephalus. Field studies highlighted the occurrence of MPs in 38% of analyzed wild organisms, mostly represented by fragments and lines, while PE, PS and nylon were the dominant polymers. In conclusion, this thesis provides new insights on the ecotoxicological risks of MPs for marine organisms and an important baseline for assessing the level of MPs contamination in Mediterranean biot

Proceedings of the 1st WSEAS International Conference on "Environmental and Geological Science and Engineering (EG'08)"

This book contains the proceedings of the 1st WSEAS International Conference on Environmental and Geological Science and Engineering (EG'08) which was held in Malta, September 11-13, 2008. This conference aims to disseminate the latest research and applications in Renewable Energy, Mineral Resources, Natural Hazards and Risks, Environmental Impact Assessment, Urban and Regional Planning Issues, Remote Sensing and GIS, and other relevant topics and applications. The friendliness and openness of the WSEAS conferences, adds to their ability to grow by constantly attracting young researchers. The WSEAS Conferences attract a large number of well-established and leading researchers in various areas of Science and Engineering as you can see from http://www.wseas.org/reports. Your feedback encourages the society to go ahead as you can see in http://www.worldses.org/feedback.htm The contents of this Book are also published in the CD-ROM Proceedings of the Conference. Both will be sent to the WSEAS collaborating indices after the conference: www.worldses.org/indexes In addition, papers of this book are permanently available to all the scientific community via the WSEAS E-Library. Expanded and enhanced versions of papers published in this conference proceedings are also going to be considered for possible publication in one of the WSEAS journals that participate in the major International Scientific Indices (Elsevier, Scopus, EI, ACM, Compendex, INSPEC, CSA .... see: www.worldses.org/indexes) these papers must be of high-quality (break-through work) and a new round of a very strict review will follow. (No additional fee will be required for the publication of the extended version in a journal). WSEAS has also collaboration with several other international publishers and all these excellent papers of this volume could be further improved, could be extended and could be enhanced for possible additional evaluation in one of the editions of these international publishers. Finally, we cordially thank all the people of WSEAS for their efforts to maintain the high scientific level of conferences, proceedings and journals

Ecotoxicological risk of microplastics for marine organisms

openLa presenza di Microplastiche (MP) negli oceani rappresenta una problematica emergente per l’ecosistema marino; è ormai stato dimostrato che le MP possono essere ingerire da diverse specie di organismi, ma non è stata ancora dimostrata la capacità di trasferimento trofico e di accumulo di queste microparticelle, e sono ancora molto carenti le informazioni sui effetti avversi indotti. In questo lavoro di ricerca, il ruolo di alcuni polimeri plastici, come vettori di inquinanti chimici, è stato inizialmente valutato su campioni di macro-plastiche vergini, macro- e micro-plastiche spiaggiate. Tramite esperimenti di laboratorio, sono state invece studiate sia le cinetiche di adsorbimento del pirene e del cadmio in MP di polietilene (PE) e polistirene (PS), che la loro capacità di trasferire i composti adsorbiti ai mitili, Mytilus galloprovincialis. In questi organismi esposti sono stati analizzati diversi effetti a livello molecolare, biochimico e cellulare, incluse le risposte immunologiche, le alterazioni lisosomiali, la proliferazione perossisomiale, le difese antiossidanti, gli effetti neurotossici, genotossici oltre che il profilo di espressione genica. E’ stato inoltre ottimizzato e applicato un nuovo protocollo per l'estrazione e caratterizzazione (FT-IR) delle MP su diverse specie di pesci e invertebrati del Mar Mediterraneo. I livelli di IPA maggiori sono stati misurati nelle micro e macro-plastiche spiaggiate, mentre un efficiente assorbimento delle sostanze chimiche è stato confermato, sia per il PE che PS, con una modalità di adsorbimento tempo e dose-dipendente. Indagini istologiche hanno rivelato la presenza di MP nell’emolinfa, nelle branchie e nei tessuti digestivi dei mitili. Gli IPA adsorbiti sono stati rilasciati dalle MP e accumulati nei tessuti dei mitili che hanno mostrato alterazioni di diversi biomarker sia molecolari che cellulari. Il protocollo di estrazione sviluppato ha permesso di dimostrare la presenza di MP nello stomaco e, per la prima volta, nel fegato di cefali esposti. Studi sul campo hanno evidenziato la presenza di particelle nel 38% degli organismi selvatici analizzati, con una maggior frequenza di MP sotto forma di frammenti e linee, costituiti preferenzialmente da PE, PS e nylon. In conclusione, questa tesi fornisce nuove informazioni sui rischi ecotossicologici delle MP per gli organismi marini oltre che un’importante linea di base sul livello di contaminazione da MP nel biota Mediterraneo.Microplastics (MPs) are a growing but still unexplored environmental concern for marine organisms. Although several species can ingest MPs, a clear evidence of their accumulation pathways, trophic transfer and adverse effects is still lacking. In this thesis, the potential role of MPs as vectors of chemical pollutants was initially evaluated in virgin macroplastics, beached macro- and microplastics; laboratory experiments further characterized adsorbing kinetics of pyrene and cadmium on polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS) MPs, and their capability to transfer adsorbed pyrene to mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis. In these organisms, several molecular, biochemical and cellular effects were analyzed in term of immunological responses, lysosomal alterations, peroxisomal proliferation, antioxidant and neurotoxic effects, genotoxicity and gene expression profile. A new protocol for extraction and FT-IR characterization of MPs in marine organisms was optimized and applied to several species of Mediterranean fish and invertebrates. Load of PAHs was higher in weathered and micron-sized particles, and an efficient adsorption of chemicals was confirmed with a time- and dose-dependent trend for both PE and PS. Histological analyses revealed occurrence of ingested MPs in haemolymph, gills and digestive tissues of mussels. Adsorbed PAHs were desorbed from MPs and bioavailable for mussels that showed many altered several molecular and cellular biomarkers. The developed extraction protocol allowed to demonstrate the presence of MPs in the stomach and, for the first time, in liver of exposed Mugil cephalus. Field studies highlighted the occurrence of MPs in 38% of analyzed wild organisms, mostly represented by fragments and lines, while PE, PS and nylon were the dominant polymers. In conclusion, this thesis provides new insights on the ecotoxicological risks of MPs for marine organisms and an important baseline for assessing the level of MPs contamination in Mediterranean biotaBIOLOGIA ED ECOLOGIA MARINA2017-02-12Scuola di Dottorato di Ricerca in ScienzeopenAvio, Carlo Giacom