Analysis of drawbacks and constraints of classification algorithms for three-phase voltage dips

Voltage events are one of the most common and harmful disturbances of power electric systems. Voltage dips, swells and interruptions are included under this heading. Given the economic cost that these disturbances represent for electrical power transmission and distribution companies and the industry, it becomes imperative to detect and classify them properly. Several classification criteria and algorithms have been proposed in the literature as analysis tools to differentiate voltage events by their characteristics and, if possible, to determine their causes and consequences. Even though some of these approaches make a correct classification of the voltage events, there are certain operation conditions that are common in real electrical grids, in which the classification criteria, and their corresponding algorithms, make a wrong classification. These particular conditions, together with the lack of a fair comparison in a common scenario, have not been addressed in the specific field literature. This work explores in detail all these aspects by evaluating the symmetrical components criterion and ABC classification criterion, and rigorously analyzes three specific algorithms: the Symmetrical Components Algorithm, the Six Phases Algorithm and the Space Vector Algorithm. Drawbacks arise from both classification criteria and algorithms. The causes of the classification errors are described and discussed in detail in order to better understand the problem, and evidence the constraints of these classification methods.Fil: Strack, Jorge Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica; ArgentinaFil: Carugati, Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica; ArgentinaFil: Orallo, Carlos Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica; ArgentinaFil: Donato, Patricio Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica; ArgentinaFil: Maestri, Sebastian Oscar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica; ArgentinaFil: Carrica, Daniel Oscar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica; Argentin

A Framework Based on Machine Learning for Analytics of Voltage Quality Disturbances

This paper proposes a machine-learning-based framework for voltage quality analytics, where the space phasor model (SPM) of the three-phase voltages before, during, and after the event is applied as input data. The framework proceeds along with three main steps: (a) event extraction, (b) event characterization, and (c) additional information extraction. During the first step, it utilizes a Gaussian-based anomaly detection (GAD) technique to extract the event data from the recording. Principal component analysis (PCA) is adopted during the second step, where it is shown that the principal components correspond to the semi-minor and semi-major axis of the ellipse formed by the SPM. During the third step, these characteristics are interpreted to extract additional information about the underlying cause of the event. The performance of the framework was verified through experiments conducted on datasets containing synthetic and measured power quality events. The results show that the combination of semi-major axis, semi-minor axis, and direction of the major axis forms a sufficient base to characterize, classify, and eventually extract additional information from recorded event data

Performance Evaluation of Three Different Inverter Configurations of DVR for Mitigation of Voltage Events

The voltage events namely voltage sags and voltage swells represent the most common, frequent and important power quality events in today’s power system. Dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is one of the key components used to mitigate the supply voltage quality disturbances in terms of voltage sags and swells in the distribution system. It consists of an energy storage unit, a voltage source inverter, a filter, a coupling transformer and the control system. This paper presents three different inverter configurations of dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) for mitigation of voltage events such as voltage sags and swells with sudden addition or removal of the nonlinear load. These three configurations are voltage source inverter based DVR (VSI-DVR), current source inverter based DVR (CSI-DVR) and impedance or Z-source inverter based DVR (ZSI-DVR). The d-q control technique is used to control the operation of the DVR. The response of ZSI-DVR for mitigation of voltage sags and swells are investigated and compared with VSI-DVR and CSI-DVR using MATLAB/SIMULINK environment

An effective control algorithm for dynamic voltage restorer under symmetrical and asymmetrical grid voltage conditions

Introduction. Voltage sag, which is associated to a transitory drop in the root mean square voltage characterizing an electrical source network. During these perturbations, the corresponding electronic customers and devices will suffer from serious operating troubles causing dangerous damages. Purpose. In order to attenuate this disturbance effects, the Controlled Dynamic Voltage Restorer constitutes a very interesting solution among many others that have been proposed. The novelty of the proposed work consists in presenting an enhanced algorithm to control efficiently the dynamic voltage restorer when voltage sag is suddenly occurred. Methods. The proposed algorithm is based on an instantaneous phase locked loop using a multi variable filter to synthesize unitary signals involved in compensation voltages computation relative to the sag apparition. Practical value. A detailed study concerning typical voltage sag, which is consolidated by simulation and experimental results, is conducted to show the used algorithm’s effectiveness to cancel the corresponding voltage sag.Вступ. Провал напруги, який пов’язаний із тимчасовим падінням середньоквадратичної напруги, характеризує мережу джерел електричної енергії. Під час цих збурень відповідні споживачі (електронні прилади та інші пристрої) будуть страждати від серйозних проблем у їхній експлуатації, що спричиняють небезпечні пошкодження. Призначення. Для того, щоб послабити вплив цих збурень, контрольований динамічний відновник напруги видається дуже цікавим рішенням серед багатьох інших, які були запропоновані. Новизна запропонованої роботи полягає у представленні вдосконаленого алгоритму ефективного управління динамічним відновником напруги, коли раптово відбувається провал напруги. Методи. Запропонований алгоритм базується на миттєвому фазовому замкненому контурі з використанням багатоваріантного фільтра для синтезу унітарних сигналів, що беруть участь у обчисленні напруги компенсації стосовно прояву провалу. Практичне значення. Детальне дослідження стосовно типового провалу напруги, яке узагальнено за допомогою моделювання та експериментальних результатів, проведено, щоб показати ефективність використовуваного алгоритму для ліквідації відповідного провалу напруги

Mitigation of Power Quality Problems Using Custom Power Devices: A Review

Electrical power quality (EPQ) in distribution systems is a critical issue for commercial, industrial and residential applications. The new concept of advanced power electronic based Custom Power Devices (CPDs) mainly distributed static synchronous compensator (D-STATCOM), dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) and unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) have been developed due to lacking the performance of traditional compensating devices to minimize power quality disturbances. This paper presents a comprehensive review on D-STATCOM, DVR and UPQC to solve the electrical power quality problems of the distribution networks. This is intended to present a broad overview of the various possible DSTATCOM, DVR and UPQC configurations for single-phase (two wire) and three-phase (three-wire and four-wire) networks and control strategies for the compensation of various power quality disturbances. Apart from this, comprehensive explanation, comparison, and discussion on D-STATCOM, DVR, and UPQC are presented. This paper is aimed to explore a broad prospective on the status of D-STATCOMs, DVRs, and UPQCs to researchers, engineers and the community dealing with the power quality enhancement. A classified list of some latest research publications on the topic is also appended for a quick reference

Evaluación y comparación de algoritmos de clasificación de eventos de tensión mediante su implementación en un DSP

This paper assesses the experimental implementation of three voltage events classification algorithms. They are known in the literature as symmetrical component algorithm, six-phase algorithm and space vector algorithm. They use the fundamental voltages and sequence’s components estimated by a sequence detector proposed by the authors previously. This detector is synchronized with the network achieving phase and frequency adaptation and high rejection to the network disturbances. From implementation of classification algorithm and detector on a DSP (Digital Signal Processor), the performance of each algorithm in the classification of real events and their possible application in a PQM (Power Quality Monitor) was evaluated.Este trabajo evalúa la implementación experimental de tres algoritmos de clasificación de eventos de tensión. Los mismos son conocidos en la literatura como algoritmo de componentes simétricas, algoritmo de seis tensiones y algoritmo de vector espacial. Estos algoritmos utilizan las tensiones fundamentales y las componentes de secuencia estimadas por un detector de secuencias propuesto por los autores en trabajos previos. Este detector se sincroniza con la red eléctrica, logrando adaptación en fase y frecuencia y provee de un gran rechazo a las perturbaciones de la red. A partir de la implementación de los algoritmos de clasificación y del detector en un DSP (Digital Signal Processor), se evaluó el desempeño de cada algoritmo en la clasificación de eventos reales y su posible aplicación en un instrumento medidor de calidad de la energía