Low Mass Printable Devices for Energy Capture, Storage, and Use

The energy-efficient, environmentally friendly technology that will be presented is the result of a Space Act Agreement between NthDegree Technologies Worldwide, Inc., and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). The work combines semiconductor and printing technologies to advance lightweight electronic and photonic devices having excellent potential for commercial and exploration applications. Device development involves three projects that relate to energy generation and consumption: (1) a low-mass efficient (low power, low heat emission) micro light-emitting diode (LED) area lighting device; (2) a low-mass omni-directional efficient photovoltaic (PV) device with significantly improved energy capture; and (3) a new approach to building super-capacitors. These three technologies, energy capture, storage, and usage (e.g., lighting), represent a systematic approach for building efficient local micro-grids that are commercially feasible; furthermore, these same technologies, appropriately replacing lighting with lightweight power generation, will be useful for enabling inner planetary missions using smaller launch vehicles and to facilitate surface operations during lunar and planetary surface missions. The PV device model is a two sphere, light trapped sheet approximately 2-mm thick. The model suggests a significant improvement over current thin film systems. For lighting applications, all three technology components are printable in-line by printing sequential layers on a standard screen or flexographic direct impact press using the three-dimensional printing technique (3DFM) patented by NthDegree. One primary contribution to this work in the near term by the MSFC is to test the robustness of prototype devices in the harsh environments that prevail in space and on the lunar surface. It is anticipated that this composite device, of which the lighting component has passed off-gassing testing, will function appropriately in such environments consistent with NASA s exploration missions. Advanced technologies such as this show promise for both space flight and terrestrial applications

Graphene and other Two-dimensional Materials in Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics

Graphene is probably the most fascinating material discovered in this century. A group of 2D materials can be called graphene derivatives, and these have attracted tremendous interest. This includes materials that are one or a few atoms thick. They have outstanding optical/electrical properties, and, most importantly, they are flat and thin—they can be processed with existing semiconductor technologies. Therefore, they have great potential in nanoelectronics and optoelectronics, playing a revolutionary role in these fields via their integration with other bulk materials. Of course, there are still challenges, such as large-scale production, as well as the mechanical transfer of these atomically thin sheets. These are the fields where scientists are now actively doing research. In this book, some leading scientists in the area share their most recent results on the material growth, device physics/processing, and system integration of 2D materials and devices. This book can serve as a starting point for young students to get familiar with the field, and should also be valuable to established device physicists and engineers who would like to explore the potential applications of 2D materials in electronics

Aerosol Jet Printing of Graphene and Carbon Nanotube Patterns on Realistically Rugged Substrates

Direct-write additive manufacturing of graphene and carbon nanotube (CNT) patterns by aerosol jet printing (AJP) is promising for the creation of thermal and electrical interconnects in (opto)electronics. In realistic application scenarios, this however often requires deposition of graphene and CNT patterns on rugged substrates such as, for example, roughly machined and surface oxidized metal block heat sinks. Most AJP of graphene/CNT patterns has thus far however concentrated on flat wafer-or foil type substrates. Here, we demonstrate AJP of graphene and single walled CNT (SWCNT) patterns on realistically rugged plasma electrolytic-oxidized (PEO) Al blocks, which are promising heat sink materials. We show that AJP on the rugged substrates offers line resolution of down to similar to 40 mu m width for single AJP passes, however, at the cost of noncomplete substrate coverage including noncovered mu m-sized pores in the PEO Al blocks. With multiple AJP passes, full coverage including coverage of the pores is, however, readily achieved. Comparing archetypical aqueous and organic graphene and SWCNT inks, we show that the choice of the ink system drastically influences the nanocarbon AJP parameter window, deposit microstructure including crystalline quality, compactness of deposit, and inter/intrapass layer adhesion for multiple passes. Simple electrical characterization indicates aqueous graphene inks as the most promising choice for AJP-deposited electrical interconnect applications. Our parameter space screening thereby forms a framework for rational process development for graphene and SWCNT AJP on application-relevant, rugged substrates

Recent research developments in polymer heat exchangers: a review

Due to their low cost, light weight and corrosive resistant features, polymer heat exchangers have been intensively studied by researchers with the aim to replace metallic heat exchangers in a wide range of applications. This paper reviews the development of polymer heat exchangers in the last decade, including cutting edge materials characteristics, heat transfer enhancement methods of polymer materials and a wide range of polymer heat exchanger applications. Theoretical modelling and experimental testing results have been reviewed and compared with literature. A recent development, the polymer micro-hollow fibre heat exchanger, is introduced and described. It is shown that polymer materials do hold promise for use in the construction of heat exchangers in many applications, but that a considerable amount of research is still required into material properties, thermal performance and life-time behaviour

2차원 혼성복합체 나노플레이트

학위논문(박사)--서울대학교 대학원 :공과대학 기계항공공학부,2020. 2. 김용협.Various two-dimensional(2D) materials attract a lot of attention due to their structural characteristic and applicability. Crystalline 2D materials are being developed, and research on their application in various fields has been reported. Among those materials, graphene having a honeycomb lattice with six carbon atoms is one of the most popular materials due to its excellent physical and chemical properties. However, other carbonaceous materials are in the shadow of interest due to the prosperity of graphene's superior properties. Due to the richness of information for organic chemistry, various forms of organic materials still have enormous opportunity to be developed. Based on the knowledge of organic chemistry, this thesis proposes a new concept of two-dimensional material. By combining the advantages of the materials involved in the reaction process, this new concept two-dimensional materials with the desired material properties can be synthesized. There may be two or more starting materials participating in the reaction. In this thesis, two kinds of organic materials were used as starting materials to synthesize two-dimensional carbonaceous nanoplates with more sp2 bonds than previously reported carbonaceous materials. The new class of carbonaceous compounds using organic (glucose) and other organic materials (1,2-dihydroxybenzene), which are organic-organic co-compounds are suggested here. We successfully synthesized two-dimensional carbonaceous material that can be synthesized in one-pot process without any by-products. The material characteristics of our synthesized co-compounded nanoplate (Co-CANP) were analyzed and its efficacy was confirmed by using it as a filler of various type of composite materials.탄소 동소체 중 하나인 그래핀의 발견은 2차원 재료에 대한 막대한 관심을 불러일으켰다. 2차원 재료는 높은 종횡비를 갖는 비표면적이 매우 큰 물질로써, 그 응용성이 무궁무진하다. 다양한 원소를 기반으로 한 2차원 재료들이 보고되고 있지만, 거의 대부분 시작 물질의 특성을 벗어나지 못한 채 top-down 방식으로 2차원 재료를 얻고 있는 실정이다. 이 논문에서는 두가지 이상의 화합물을 반응 물질로 사용하여, 물질 특성이 조절 가능한 2차원 재료를 합성하는 방식에 대해 소개하고자 한다. 이는 Bottom-up 방식의 새로운 2차원 물질 합성 플랫폼이며, 반응에 참가하는 화합물의 종류에 따라 합성되어지는 혼성복합질 나노플레이트의 특성이 조절된다는 큰 장점이 있다. 기능기를 갖는 화합물은 모두 반응물질의 후보가 될 수 있으며, 포도당만을 사용하여 2차원 물질을 합성했을 때보다 더 많은 수의 sp² 결합을 갖는 2차원 물질을 합성하였다. 본 논문에서는 포도당(glucose)을 핵 생성(nucleation) 물질로 사용하고 카테콜(dihydroxy benzene)을 추가적인 반응 물질로 사용하여 혼성복합질 탄소질 나노플레이트를 합성하였다. 다양한 분석 기법을 통해 물질 특성을 확인하였으며, 이를 여러 응용성 재료에 첨가물질로 사용하여 그 효능을 검증하였다.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Carbonaceous materials 1 1.2 Motivation and research objectives 9 Chapter 2. Co-Compounded nanoplates 11 2.1 Synthesis of two-dimensional co-compounded nanoplates 12 2.1.1 Source materials 12 2.1.2 Vapor-filled hydrothermal synthesis 14 2.1.3 Mechanism of material synthesis 24 2.2 Characterization of Co-Compounded nanoplates 28 2.2.1 Microscopy 29 2.2.1.1 Scanning electron microscope (SEM) 29 2.2.1.2 Transmission electron microscope (TEM) 31 2.2.1.3 Atomic Force microscope (AFM) 33 2.2.2 Spectroscopy 37 2.2.2.1 Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 37 2.2.2.2 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) 48 2.2.2.3 Raman spectroscopy 53 2.2.2.4 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 55 2.2.2.5 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 57 2.2.3 Thermal Gravimetry Analysis (TGA) 59 Chapter 3. Applications 61 3.1 Rubber composite for tire 61 3.1.1 Mechanical tensile test 65 3.1.2 Dynamic mechanical analysis 68 3.2 Sound absorption material 73 3.2.1 Co-CANP/Melamine hybrid foam 77 3.2.2 Sound absorption coefficient 81 3.3 Heat dissipation material 90 3.3.1 Co-CANP/Epoxy composite 98 3.3.2 Heat dissipation performance 100 Chapter 4. Conclusions 108 Bibliography 109 초 록 120Docto

Light Emission from Graphene

Graphene has attracted great interest due to its superior and unique physical properties. The strong light‐matter interaction with ultrafast and broadband photoresponse of graphene has allowed for the development of state‐of‐the art optical components, such as photodetectors and optical modulators, making this material very promising for ultrafast optical communications. However, so far, light emission from graphene has remained elusive, although this would open the door towards obtaining atomically thin, flexible and transparent light sources and graphene‐based on‐chip interconnects. In this chapter, we review experimental results and techniques of the electrically driven light emission from graphene in the infrared and visible spectrum range

Nanophotonic engineering of far-field thermal emitters

Thermal emission is a ubiquitous and fundamental process by which all objects at non-zero temperatures radiate electromagnetic energy. This process is often presented to be incoherent in both space and time, resulting in broadband, omnidirectional light emission toward the far field, with a spectral density related to the emitter temperature by Planck's law. Over the past two decades, there has been considerable progress in engineering the spectrum, directionality, polarization, and temporal response of thermally emitted light using nanostructured materials. This review summarizes the basic physics of thermal emission, lays out various nanophotonic approaches to engineer thermal-emission in the far field, and highlights several relevant applications, including energy harvesting, lighting, and radiative cooling.Comment: Review articl