Business modelling for smart continual commissioning in ESCO set-ups

The availability of sensors, smart meters, and so called ‘intelligent devices’ (IoT) enables owners and tenants to better understand and flexibly adjust the status of buildings and their systems according to their needs. However, it also requires a more intense and detailed knowledge about how to exploit, analyse and manage ‘big data’ compiled from these devices. Building operators, facility managers and energy suppliers are expected to collaborate and to share this data aiming to deliver more holistic, comprehensive services to clients (i.e. owners and tenants of buildings). This paper discusses how so called ESCO-business models (energy service companies) and CC-business models (continuous commissioning) can be integrated through sharing of big data and collaboration of major stakeholders involved in building operation, energy supply and engineering consultancy. It explains how building owners will benefit from the availability of such comprehensive, collaborative services

Proceedings of 8th International Conference Improving Energy Efficiency in Commercial Buildings (IEECB’14)

This book contains the proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Commercial Buildings which took place in Frankfurt, Germany 1-3 April 2014. The IEECB conference brings together all the key players from this sector, including commercial buildings’ investors and property managers, energy efficiency experts and building technologies researchers, equipment manufacturers, service providers (ESCOs, utilities, facilities management companies) and policy makers, with a view to exchange information, to learn from each other and to network. The wide scope of topics covered during the IEECB’14 conference includes: smart building and low energy buildings, (Nearly) Net Zero Energy Buildings, equipment and systems (lighting, HVAC auxiliary equipment, ICT & office equipment, miscellaneous equipment, BEMS, electricity on-site production, renewable energies, etc.) and the latest advances in energy efficiency programmes, regulation & policies for public and private sector commercial buildings. Potential readers who may benefit from this book include researchers, engineers, policymakers, energy agencies, electric utilities, and all those who can influence the design, selection, application, and operation of electrical motor driven systems.JRC.F.7-Renewables and Energy Efficienc

Development of intelligent buildings and their impacts on architecture In Turkey

Thesis (master)--İzmir Institute of Technology, Architecture, İzmir, 2002Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 176-185)Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and Englishxiv, 205 leavesRelated to every period.s life conditions the community.s needs show differences. Today.s people giving prior importance to business life and depending on this priority and the incoming intense, active life flow bring up the need of .facilitating life. and again one of the most main problems in today.s life described as energy loss is reduced by designing .energy conscious. buildings. At this point of view, developing technologic and construction sector take on the roles as two important inputs to help design concept. Considerably the technological developments that took place with .Industrial Revolution. started the use of machine power, created new bazaars and new work areas, and brought up the creation of new life styles with itself. With these points, this process came across the new trends in architecture and construction. Spreading use of information technologies, make differences in expectations about daily life standards. As men can adapt the changing needs and obtain maximum suitability, need buildings with minimum cost for usage and upkeep. The main aim of the buildings described as .intelligent buildings. is use of minimum energy and besides to obtain system works and comfort at an optimal level. To be considered as intelligent, building must; With these points, besides the advantages that intelligent buildings bring up, they can cause important problems to take place. With their electrical infrastructure they may cause the inhabitants to be abstracted from the outer life, and with respect the people working in multi-storey buildings have health problems like .building syndrome. or because of the computer aided structure of these buildings .accessibility. problems can occur. These problems come in the first places on the problems rank. In the solutions of the problems occurring by intensive use and by the way increasing demands, at the point architectural solutions become insufficient electro-mechanical systems join. For providing high life standards complete for today and tomorrow.s life, the buildings which are designed bye using series of technological solutions, are composed of the integration of these systems. All these developments, different than the conventional design process, need the information flow with the other science branches -interdisciplinary approach-. A building to be formed as intelligent by .architectural concepts., with a large proportion is related to the .architect.s intelligence.. In these terms architect must be following all new developments in technology. In other ways, intelligent buildings will be the buildings designed by engineers. Nearly in the past ten years, intelligent building applications are also seen in our country. But whether the lack of investigation about the abroad works or these buildings participated in our lives with the unnecessary ambition of consumption, so with these facts intelligent buildings cannot deserve their attribute. To state that a building is totally intelligent, from the design process, the project must be taken up as a total work with the sub-systems providing central supervision and administrating. But the approach in our country sees the sufficiency as a building that owns one of the named systems or any residence full of intelligent house products. Of course these terms are not enough for intelligence. As a result, this work examines the approach to the subject in our country by evaluating sub-systems of intelligent building concept, design criteria, the advantages and disadvantages of these buildings, and the degree of intelligence. Key words: intelligent building, building automation system, office automation system, telecommunications system, information technology, and energy conscious buildings

Ennustava kysyntäjousto kaukolämmitetyissä ja -jäähdytetyissä kiinteistöissä

Contemporary technologies enable the control of energy consumption in buildings in a way which minimizes costs and maximizes consumer comfort. Cost reductions have been seen in District Heating and Cooling systems mostly as energy conservation. On the other hand, consumer comfort is increased by providing steadier indoor temperatures. Lately, literature present has presented a more agile approach of reducing costs by optimizing the consumption of the overall system with Demand-side Management. This approach aims to shift loads from peak load hours without necessarily reducing energy consumption. This thesis provides a model which applies the thermal capacity of District Heating and Cooling connected buildings as thermal energy storages. An artificial District Heating system with variable production costs was developed for the model in order to form dynamic price signals. These signals were utilized in two simulations. The first optimized existing heat load data from heavy mass buildings to appraise the effect of Demand-side Management, whereas the second modelled the behaviour of individual rooms. Both simulations aimed to store heat beforehand in the building envelope and to discharge it during price peaks. This offered the possibility to consume heating energy based on individual consumption profiles and only take action when the whole system requires it. The simulation model indicates that predictive Demand-side Management with dynamic price signals reduces heating costs in buildings by 4% during the heating period. The main cost savings occur to energy producers since variable production costs can be decreased by 6% due to load control using 15% of the building stock’s heated floor area. The room simulation demonstrated that the building components are able to store heat dynamically by intelligent prediction of occupancy, outside weather, and prices. With an autonomous auction platform, Demand-side Management activities can be targeted to buildings which are most suitable to shift demand. The order of building participation is determined by individual consumer comfort and thermal dissipation. As predictive Demand-side Management relies on dynamic pricing and engagement of District Heating and Cooling customers and producers, the thesis proposes a concept to achieve a win-win situation for these stakeholders. In order to ensure a reasonable allocation of benefits from Demand-side Management and provide a more accurate demand prediction, new business models could emerge. These models can challenge producers and customers to revalue District Heating and Cooling.Nykyaikaiset teknologiat mahdollistavat rakennuksen energiankulutuksen hallinnan tavalla, joka minimoi kustannuksia ja maksimoi kuluttajien mukavuutta. Kustannusten alentaminen on kaukolämmössä ja -jäähdytyksessä perinteisesti saavutettu energiansäästöllä. Kuluttajien mukavuutta on taas parannettu tasaisemmalla lämmönjakelulla. Viimeisten vuosien aikana tutkijat ovat esittäneet kysyntäjoustoa ketteränä tapana alentaa systeemitason kustannuksia. Kysyntäjousto pykii siirtämään ajallisesti osan tehon huippukuormista. Energiankulutusta ei välttämättä vähennetä. Tämä työ tarjoaa mallin, joka hyödyntää kaukolämmitteisten rakennusten lämpökapasiteettia energiavarastoina. Mallia varten on kehitetty kaukolämpöjärjestelmä, jonka antamat hintasignaalit perustuvat muuttuviin tuotantokustannuksiin. Näitä signaaleja hyödynnettiin kahdessa simulaatiossa. Ensimmäinen optimoi kuormia systeemitasolla siirtäen olemassa olevia kulutusprofiileja, kun taas toinen simulaatio käsitteli ihanteellista huonemallia. Molempien simulaatioiden tarkoituksena on varastoida lämpöä etukäteen rakenteisiin ja purkaa sitä hintapiikkien aikana. Toisin kuin aiemmissa tutkimuksissa, lämmönsäätimet reagoivat muuttuviin hintasignaaleihin. Tällä tavalla rakennukset kuluttivat lämmitysenergiaa käyttäjien yksilöllisten kulutusprofiilien mukaisesti, ja kysyntäjoustotoimenpiteisiin ryhdyttiin, kun koko järjestelmä sitä vaati. Simulointimalli osoitti, että ennustava kysyntäjousto voi alentaa rakennuksen lämmityskustannuksia 4% lämmityskauden aikana. Suurimmat kustannussäästöt koituvat energiantuottajille, sillä muuttuvat tuotantokustannukset laskivat simulaatiossa 6% käyttäen 15% rakennuskannan pinta-alasta hyödyksi. Huonesimulaatio osoitti, että rakennuksiin voi varastoida dynaamisesti lämpöä läsnäolon, sään ja hintojen älykkäällä ennustamisella. Itsenäisellä huutokauppa-alustalla kysyntäjouston toimintaa voidaan kohdistaa rakennuksiin, joilla on parhaimmat edellytykset siirtää hetkittäin lämmitystehoa. Tämä jako määräytyy kuluttajien mieltymysten ja rakennuksen lämpöhäviöiden mukaan. Koska ennakoivan kysyntäjouston täyden potentiaalin hyödyntäminen perustuu asiakkaiden sekä tuottajien sitoumukseen, tutkielma ehdottaa konseptia, jossa kaikki osapuolet hyötyvät kysyntäjoustosta. Tutkielmassa käy ilmi, että uusia liiketoimintamalleja voi syntyä varmistamaan kohtuullisen hyödynjaon ja parantamaan lämpökuormien ennustettavuutta. Nämä mallit voivat haastaa osapuolia löytämään uutta arvoa kaukolämmöstä ja -jäähdytyksestä

Proceedings of the 6th International Conference EEDAL'11 Energy Efficiency in Domestic Appliances and Lighting

This book contains the papers presented at the sixth international conference on Energy Efficiency in Domestic Appliances and Lighting. EEDAL'11 was organised in Copenhagen, Denmark in May 2011. This major international conference, which was previously been staged in Florence 1997, Naples 2000, Turin 2003, London 2006, Berlin 200h9a s been very successful in attracting an international community of stakeholders dealing with residential appliances, equipment, metering liagnhdti ng (including manufacturers, retailers, consumers, governments, international organisations aangde ncies, academia and experts) to discuss the progress achieved in technologies, behavioural aspects and poliacineds , the strategies that need to be implemented to further progress this important work. Potential readers who may benefit from this book include researchers, engineers, policymakers, and all those who can influence the design, selection, application, and operation of electrical appliances and lighting.JRC.F.7-Renewable Energ

Retaining critical competences in nuclear energy sector: national initiatives and best practices, instruments and tools

The main objective of this study is to give an overview of new initiatives and best practices developed during the last few years on the national level. As the development of nuclear E&T is primarily defined by the policies and national regulations for the nuclear sector, and only secondarily - through the general policies that apply to the high education (HE) and vocational education and training (VET) systems, main attention is given to the educational activities specific for the nuclear field. This report firstly focuses on the organisation of nuclear E&T in selected countries, investigating different types of institutions, programmes, qualifications, funding mechanisms and partnerships among academia, industry, labour market and social partners. Then the attention is given to the current status and further development of tools and instruments, that support the assessment, achievement and demonstration of personal and corporate competences in the nuclear sector. Finally there is a review of current trends in nuclear E&T and recommendations to maintain and develop the skills, competences and knowledge in nuclear and radiation safety in the EU. The data on which this study is based is taken from desk research and interviews with several experts.JRC.F.4-Innovative Technologies for Nuclear Reactor Safet

The Private Cost Effectiveness of Improving Energy Efficiency

The Productivity Commission's inquiry report into The Private Cost Effectiveness of Improving Energy Efficiency, was released on 21 October 2005. The Commission was asked to report on the economic and environmental potential offered by energy efficiency improvements. The Commission found that the potential for making energy efficiency improvements, for energy users to save money, and for governments to efficiently intervene to address market failures, appeared to be modest. There was a case for governments to address information failures, particularly in consumer markets. The Commission favours "light-handed" regulatory responses and information provision where possible. The final report provides a number of recommendations on existing and proposed energy efficiency policies. It argues that programs under Stage One of the National Framework for Energy Efficiency should only be expanded after the net social benefits have been established. The Commission recommends that there should be an independent evaluation of building energy efficiency standards and that local governments should not create variations in these standards. The Commission also recommends that future minimum energy performance standards for appliances be more comprehensively assessed. The Commission recommends against implementing a National energy efficiency target to address greenhouse gas abatement. It argues that it has serious disadvantages compared to other more directly-targeted policy options. Any increased investment in energy efficiency, could be at the expense of economic efficiency.Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Crossing the Energy Efficiency Chasm: An Assessment of the Barriers to Institutional Investment at Scale

Significant savings in CO2 emissions can be won from fabric upgrades, and improved forms of heating. An increase in the number of building retrofits and installations of energy efficient plant such as biomass boilers or CCHPs must be the aim if the UK is serious in meeting its commitment to CO2 reduction at both the domestic and EU level. A way of achieving this increase, which will need to be significant, would be to tap into the vast funds under management by institutional investors who are required to invest those funds to optimise its monetary return, taking into account the level of risk. The aim of the research is to identify the enabling conditions that would need to exist to attract institutional investment in energy efficiency at scale. The UK Green Investment Bank has invested £50m into three energy efficiency funds, requiring each fund manager to match the amount by attracting investment from institutional investors. It is these funds that have been analysed as a single Green Investment Bank case study. Embedded units of analysis are on two levels with the individual funds being the first, and the institutional investors investing in those funds as the second. A hybrid deductive and inductive qualitative approach to the research was taken employing thematic analysis. The findings of the research reported here indicate that the emerging key enabling conditions that would make energy efficiency an attractive proposition are firstly, the way energy efficiency investments are classified in terms of an investment asset class, secondly the contractual structure of the individual transactions made by the funds, and finally, the experience and familiarity of the fund manager

Fife Local Energy Masterplan

The way we generate and use energy has constantly changed. In recent decades it has become the role of the National Grid, gas network, and multinational energy companies to deliver nearly all the energy: heat, electricity and transport fuels. We interact with energy via familiar light switches, gas boilers and petrol stations. In the future, delivery of and demand for energy in Scotland will be transformed. The Scottish Government’s ambition is to see an increasing number of new sustainable energy and district heating networks developed across the country to make the best use of natural energy sources including unused and renewable heat. This can help cut carbon emissions, reduce fuel bills and combat fuel poverty. Energy Masterplanning can assist developers and local authorities plan this process better, provide for ‘future proofing’ for communities and assist in using energy more efficiently