Nutritional studies with Bos Taurus and Bos Indicus calves

Milk substitute diets whose dry matter contained 10 %, 20% and 30ft added fat were fed to Bos taurus calves in Scotland and !3os indicus and Bos taurus calves in Trinidad. Bos taurus calves adapted readily to the system of artificial rearing used, but considerable difficulty was experienced in training Bos indicus calves to drink either milk substitute or whole milk diets from a bucket, and as a consequence their daily intake of milk was considerably less than that of Bos taurus calves of comparable body weight. The food intake of Bos indicus calves was increased markedly by allowing them to suck milk from nurse cows, and under these conditions their intake was similar to that of Bos taurus animals of comparable body weight.The apparent digestibility of the components of the milk substitute diets by Bos indicus and Bos taurus calves was similar irrespective of the fat content of these diets, but Bos indicus calves appeared to retain more magnesium than Bos taurus calves. This high level of magnesium retention may have resulted from the low rate of water intake and urine excretion by Bos indicus calves and could have been responsible for the occurrence of urolithiasis in some of the Bos indicus calves, Although none of the Bos taurus calves exhibited symptoms of urolithiasis, 33% of those Ros indicus calves which survived until weaning died within six weeks of weaning as a result of urinary calculi formation and the calculi obtained from those Bos indicus calves which died had a very high magnesium content.The apparent digestibility of the components of the milk substitute diets was higher by Bos taurus calves in Trinidad than by Bos taurus calves in Scotland. This finding was most apparent when calves were fed the milk substitute diet containing 30% added fat. The use of this diet was discontinued in Scotland because a large percentage of the calves on this treatment died, but in Trinidad Boa taurus calves digested this diet without difficulty.The digestible energy requirement for maintenance of each kilogramme of body weight was found to be considerably less for Bos taurus calves reared in Trinidad than for Bos taurus calves reared in Scotland.The apparent digestibility of nitrogen by Bos indicus and Bos taurus calves in Trinidad was similar, but the digested nitrogen required for the maintenance of body weight was greater for Bos indicus calves than for Bos taurus calves, because of a high endogenous nitrogen excretion rate in urine by Bos indicus calves.With all calves the arynarent digestibility of fat and the apparent absorption of calcium were positively correlated irrespective of the fat content of the diet fed. This uresumably indicates that fatty acids excreted in the faeces were in the form of calcium soaps.The heart rate of calves was shown to be affected by the fat content of the diet fed and the level of food intake, but Bos tau-rus and Bos indicus calves with similar levels of food intake had similar heart rates.Partial alopecia was exhibited between five and eight weeks of age by all Bos indicus calves, but by no Ras taurus calf.Under the conditions of this experiment, the major difference between ßcs indicus and Ros taurus calves was the behavioural response by Bos indicus calves to the system of artificial rearing practised which resulted in these calves having a low voluntary food and water intake. It is not clear to what extent this low voluntary food and water intake affected the other minor differences which were observed between those ",os indicus and Bos taurus calves used in these experiments, but no justification has been obtained that, in general, Bos indicus calves differ from Ros taurus calves in their nutrient requirements

Comparisons of \u3ci\u3eBos indicus\u3c/i\u3e and \u3ci\u3eBos taurus\u3c/i\u3e Inheritance for Carcass Beef Characteristics and Meat Palatability

Crossbreeding is used widely to exploit heterosis and additive genetic variation among breeds to improve efficiency of beef production. The economic value of Bos indicus breeds of cattle, primarily Brahman, in crossbreeding programs in subtropical and tropical climates has been well established. In the temperate climatic conditions of U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, productivity of Bos indicus x Bos taurus F1 crossbred cows has been outstanding for reproduction an matemal performance relative to that of Bos taurus x Bos taurus F1 cross cows when mated to produce terminal-cross calves by Red Poll or Simmental sires. (Brahman and Sahiwal are Bos indicus [humped] breeds; Pinzgauer, Angus, Hereford, Red Poll and Simmental and other European breeds are Bos taurus [nonhumped] breeds)

Bovine gene polymorphisms related to fat deposition and meat tenderness

Leptin, thyroglobulin and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase play important roles in fat metabolism. Fat deposition has an influence on meat quality and consumers' choice. The aim of this study was to determine allele and genotype frequencies of polymorphisms of the bovine genes, which encode leptin (LEP), thyroglobulin (TG) and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase (DGAT1). A further objective was to establish the effects of these polymorphisms on meat characteristics. We genotyped 147 animals belonging to the Nelore (Bos indicus), Canchim (5/8 Bos taurus + 3/8 Bos indicus), Rubia Gallega X Nelore (1/2 Bos taurus + 1/2 Bos indicus), Brangus Three-way cross (9/16 Bos taurus + 7/16 Bos indicus) and Braunvieh Three-way cross (3/4 Bos taurus + 1/4 Bos indicus) breeds. Backfat thickness, total lipids, marbling score, ribeye area and shear force were fitted, using the General Linear Model (GLM) procedure of the SAS software. The least square means of genotypes and genetic groups were compared using Tukey's test. Allele frequencies vary among the genetic groups, depending on Bos indicus versus Bos taurus influence. The LEP polymorphism segregates in pure Bos indicus Nelore animals, which is a new finding. The T allele of TG is fixed in Nelore, and DGAT1 segregates in all groups, but the frequency of allele A is lower in Nelore animals. The results showed no association between the genotypes and traits studied, but a genetic group effect on these traits was found. So, the genetic background remains relevant for fat deposition and meat tenderness, but the gene markers developed for Bos taurus may be insufficient for Bos indicus

Allelic Frequency of Kappa-Casein Locus (Asp148/Ala) in F1: Simmental (Bos Taurus) X Ongole Grade (Bos Indicus)

This study was conducted to detect the genetic variants (single nucleotide polymorphism) of kappa-casein locus (Asp148/Ala) in F1: Simmental (Bos taurus) x Ongole grade (Bos indicus), SIMPO. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood sample of 40 SIMPO (21 males and 19 females). A 780 bp specific fragment of kappa-casein gene spanning from the forth exon region (517 bp) to forth intron (263 bp) was successfully amplified. The result of the PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction - Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms) analysis using HindIII enzyme showed that two genotypes (AA and AB) were found at this locus in SIMPO. The frequencies of A and B alleles in SIMPO were 0.79 and 0.21, respectively. The frequency lies between B. taurus (Simmental) and B. indicus group

EFFECT OF SPECIES AND SEASON ON LAMINITIS PREVALENCE IN SEMEN-DONOR BULLS

The objective of this study is to determine the effect of species, season, and their interaction on laminitis prevalence in three semen-donor bull species in the Artificial Insemination Centre under tropical conditions. The average prevalence in each species (Bos taurus, Bos indicus, and Bos sondaicus) was calculated based on the number of monthly incidents compared to the current population during 2020, while the two-way ANOVA was used to determine the effect of species, seasons (wet and dry season) and species-season interactions to the prevalence of laminitis. The average prevalence in Bos taurus, indicus, and sondaicus during dry season was 7.582±1.841%, 1.190±1.844%, 0.451±1.103%, and during wet season was 8.521±4.808%, 1.262±1.960%, 0.451±1.103% respectively. This study revealed that Bos taurus bull species more susceptible to laminitis compared to Bos indicus and Bos sondaicus. However, there is no influence of seasons and interactions between seasons and species on laminitis prevalence. In conclusion, this study has proven that laminitis can occur in all semen-donor bull species despite differences in susceptibility, species, or season

The Bos taurus-Bos indicus balance in fertility and milk related genes.

Numerical approaches to high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data are often employed independently to address individual questions. We linked independent approaches in a bioinformatics pipeline for further insight. The pipeline driven by heterozygosity and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) analyses was applied to characterize Bos taurus and Bos indicus ancestry. We infer a gene co-heterozygosity network that regulates bovine fertility, from data on 18,363 cattle with genotypes for 729,068 SNP. Hierarchical clustering separated populations according to Bos taurus and Bos indicus ancestry. The weights of the first principal component were subjected to Normal mixture modelling allowing the estimation of a gene's contribution to the Bos taurus-Bos indicus axis. We used deviation from HWE, contribution to Bos indicus content and association to fertility traits to select 1,284 genes. With this set, we developed a co-heterozygosity network where the group of genes annotated as fertility-related had significantly higher Bos indicus content compared to other functional classes of genes, while the group of genes associated with milk production had significantly higher Bos taurus content. The network analysis resulted in capturing novel gene associations of relevance to bovine domestication events. We report transcription factors that are likely to regulate genes associated with cattle domestication and tropical adaptation. Our pipeline can be generalized to any scenarios where population structure requires scrutiny at the molecular level, particularly in the presence of a priori set of genes known to impact a phenotype of evolutionary interest such as fertility.Artigo e0181930. Na publicação: Mauricio A. Mudadu, Luciana Regitano

Biological Efficiency Differences Among \u3ci\u3eBos taurus\u3c/i\u3e x \u3ci\u3eBos taurus\u3c/i\u3e and \u3ci\u3eBos indicus\u3c/i\u3e x \u3ci\u3eBos taurus\u3c/i\u3e F\u3csub\u3e1\u3c/sub\u3e-Cross Cows

Matching germplasm to resources through designed crossbreeding programs can contribute to optimum beef production efficiency. This is particularly true in light of the wide diversity of environmental conditions encountered by beef producers in the U.S. This approach requires considerable knowledge about genetic diversity among breeds in components of performance and furthermore how those components interact to influence life-cycle efficiency in the production setting. It was largely this identified need, coupled with the importation of a number of new breeds from continental Europe, that gave impetus for the establishment of the Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program. In Cycles I and II of the GPE program, increases in cow output associated with higher breed potential for growth rate and milk production were largely offset by equivalent or greater increases in feed requirements for maintenance and lactation. Additionally, in Cycle III, output of calf weaned per cow in the breeding herd was high for Bos indicus x Bos taurus crosses relative to Bos taurus crosses. More information is needed to evaluate F1 cross of Bos taurus versus Bos indicus x Bos taurus sources of germplasm. Therefore, this study was conducted to: 1) estimate input/output components, and 2) estimate life-cycle efficiency of Cycle III breeds representing these types of F1 cross females

Identificación de ADN mitocondrial Bos taurus en poblaciones de ganado Cebú Brahman colombiano

The American continent was colonised in the XVI century by the Europeans who introduced the Bos taurus cattle. The introduction of Bos indicus cattle was done a few years later with cattle from India, mainly males. In order to study the participation of Bos Taurus females in the origin of the Colombian Zebu cattle, a 374 bp mitochondrial DNA fragment was sequenced (D-Loop) in six animals belonging to Colombian Zebu Brahman breed and 20 individuals representative of he five Colombian native breeds: 6 of Blanco Orejinegro (BON), five of Costeño Con Cuernos (CCC), three of Romosinuano (ROMO), four of Casanareño (CAS) and two of San Martinero (SM). As a reference to Bos taurus, two individuals of the Spanish Pirenaica breed were also sequenced for the same fragment. Comparison between sequences revealed that the Zebu Brahman cattle has mitochondrial DNA of Bos Taurus origin and closer to the native breeds of Spanish origin. Although described as Bos indicus, it showed the lowest genetic divergence when compared with the consensus sequence of European Bos taurus. The genetic divergences of the Colombian native breeds compared with the European Bos Taurus ranged between 0.005 and 0.014. This suggests the participation of Bos taurus matrilineages in the origin of the Colombian Zebu Brahman cattle. El continente americano fue colonizado en el siglo XVI por los europeos quienes introdujeron por primera vez el ganado bovino de origen Bos taurus. La introducción de ganado Bos indicus ocurrió muchos años después, con las primeras importaciones desde la India, las cuales incluyeron principalmente machos. Con el fin de estudiar la participación de hembras Bos taurus en el origen del ganado Cebú colombiano, se secuenció un fragmento del ADN mitocondrial de 374 pb (D-Loop) en seis animales de la raza Cebú Brahman colombiano y 20 individuos representativos de las cinco razas criollas colombianas: seis de Blanco Orejinegro (BON), cinco de Costeño con  Cuernos (CCC), tres de Romosinuano (ROMO), cuatro de Casanareño (CAS) y dos de San Martinero (SM). Adicionalmente, para el mismo fragmento se secuenciaron dos individuos de la raza española Pirenaica, como referente Bos taurus. La comparación de las secuencias reveló que los animales de la raza Cebú Brahman colombiano analizados presentaron ADN mitocondrial de origen taurino con mayor cercanía respecto de las razas criollas de origen Bos taurus europeo que con relación a las secuencias consenso Bos indicus, frente a las que se hallaron mayores divergencias. Adicionalmente, las divergencias de las razas criollas colombianas con respecto al consenso Bos taurus europeo variaron entre 0,005 y 0,014, resultado que sugiere la participación de matrilineajes Bos taurus en el origen del Cebú Brahman colombiano. 

In the search of the polled locus in a Bos taurus x Bos indicus population.

The objective in this study was to identify regions and SNPs associated with the polled/horned phenotype in a composite Bos taurus x Bos indicus breed (Canchim).ISAFG 2013. AB.20

Mitochondrial DNA of Nellore and European x Nellore crossing cattle of high performance

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, por meio de um polimorfismo no gene ND5 do DNA mitocondrial de bovinos, a porcentagem de indivíduos portadores de mtDNA Bos taurus indicus em animais Nelore PO (n = 69) e em animais provenientes do cruzamento entre machos europeus e fêmeas Nelore PO (n = 275). Apenas 2,26% (8/354) dos animais apresentaram mtDNA Bos taurus indicus. A alta freqüência de mtDNA Bos taurus taurus nesses animais pode ser reflexo de seleção, uma vez que os animais estudados se originam de linhagens selecionadas para alto desempenho de produção de carne.The objective of this work was to evaluate, through a polymorphism in the ND5 gene of the bovine mitochondrial DNA, the frequency of Bos taurus indicus mtDNA individuals in a sample of Nellore purebred origin animals (n = 69) and crossbred animals originated from crosses of European sires and Nellore purebred origin females (n = 275). Only 2.26% (8/354) of the animals presented Bos taurus indicus mtDNA. The high frequency of Bos taurus taurus mtDNA in these animals can be a consequence of selection, once the animals studied are originated from selected lineages of high performance for meat production