153 research outputs found

    Multilevel split regression wavelet analysis for lossless compression of remote sensing data

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    Spectral redundancy is a key element to be exploited in compression of remote sensing data. Combined with an entropy encoder, it can achieve competitive lossless coding performance. One of the latest techniques to decorrelate the spectral signal is the regression wavelet analysis (RWA). RWA applies a wavelet transform in the spectral domain and estimates the detail coeffi- cients through the approximation coefficients using linear regres- sion. RWA was originally coupled with JPEG 2000. This letter introduces a novel coding approach, where RWA is coupled with the predictor of CCSDS-123.0-B-1 standard and a lightweight contextual arithmetic coder. In addition, we also propose a smart strategy to select the number of RWA decomposition levels that maximize the coding performance. Experimental results indicate that, on average, the obtained coding gains vary between 0.1 and 1.35 bits-per-pixel-per-component compared with the other state- of-the-art coding technique

    Recording, compression and representation of dense light fields

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    The concept of light fields allows image based capture of scenes, providing, on a recorded dataset, many of the features available in computer graphics, like simulation of different viewpoints, or change of core camera parameters, including depth of field. Due to the increase in the recorded dimension from two for a regular image to four for a light field recording, previous works mainly concentrate on small or undersampled light field recordings. This thesis is concerned with the recording of a dense light field dataset, including the estimation of suitable sampling parameters, as well as the implementation of the required capture, storage and processing methods. Towards this goal, the influence of an optical system on the, possibly bandunlimited, light field signal is examined, deriving the required sampling rates from the bandlimiting effects of the camera and optics. To increase storage capacity and bandwidth a very fast image compression methods is introduced, providing an order of magnitude faster compression than previous methods, reducing the I/O bottleneck for light field processing. A fiducial marker system is provided for the calibration of the recorded dataset, which provides a higher number of reference points than previous methods, improving camera pose estimation. In conclusion this work demonstrates the feasibility of dense sampling of a large light field, and provides a dataset which may be used for evaluation or as a reference for light field processing tasks like interpolation, rendering and sampling.Das Konzept des Lichtfelds erlaubt eine bildbasierte Erfassung von Szenen und ermöglicht es, auf den erfassten Daten viele Effekte aus der Computergrafik zu berechnen, wie das Simulieren alternativer Kamerapositionen oder die VerĂ€nderung zentraler Parameter, wie zum Beispiel der TiefenschĂ€rfe. Aufgrund der enorm vergrĂ¶ĂŸerte Datenmenge die fĂŒr eine Aufzeichnung benötigt wird, da Lichtfelder im Vergleich zu den zwei Dimensionen herkömmlicher Kameras ĂŒber vier Dimensionen verfĂŒgen, haben frĂŒhere Arbeiten sich vor allem mit kleinen oder unterabgetasteten Lichtfeldaufnahmen beschĂ€ftigt. Diese Arbeit hat das Ziel eine dichte Aufnahme eines Lichtfeldes vorzunehmen. Dies beinhaltet die Berechnung adĂ€quater Abtastparameter, sowie die Implementierung der benötigten Aufnahme-, Verarbeitungs- und Speicherprozesse. In diesem Zusammenhang werden die bandlimitierenden Effekte des optischen Aufnahmesystems auf das möglicherweise nicht bandlimiterte Signal des Lichtfeldes untersucht und die benötigten Abtastraten davon abgeleitet. Um die Bandbreite und KapazitĂ€t des Speichersystems zu erhöhen wird ein neues, extrem schnelles Verfahren der Bildkompression eingefĂŒhrt, welches um eine GrĂ¶ĂŸenordnung schneller operiert als bisherige Methoden. FĂŒr die Kalibrierung der Kamerapositionen des aufgenommenen Datensatzes wird ein neues System von sich selbst identifizierenden Passmarken vorgestellt, welches im Vergleich zu frĂŒheren Methoden mehr Referenzpunkte auf gleichem Raum zu VerfĂŒgung stellen kann und so die Kamerakalibrierung verbessert. Kurz zusammengefasst demonstriert diese Arbeit die DurchfĂŒhrbarkeit der Aufnahme eines großen und dichten Lichtfeldes, und stellt einen entsprechenden Datensatz zu VerfĂŒgung. Der Datensatz ist geeignet als Referenz fĂŒr die Untersuchung von Methoden zur Verarbeitung von Lichtfeldern, sowie fĂŒr die Evaluation von Methoden zur Interpolation, zur Abtastung und zum Rendern

    DCT Implementation on GPU

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    There has been a great progress in the field of graphics processors. Since, there is no rise in the speed of the normal CPU processors; Designers are coming up with multi-core, parallel processors. Because of their popularity in parallel processing, GPUs are becoming more and more attractive for many applications. With the increasing demand in utilizing GPUs, there is a great need to develop operating systems that handle the GPU to full capacity. GPUs offer a very efficient environment for many image processing applications. This thesis explores the processing power of GPUs for digital image compression using Discrete cosine transform

    Privacy-preserving information hiding and its applications

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    The phenomenal advances in cloud computing technology have raised concerns about data privacy. Aided by the modern cryptographic techniques such as homomorphic encryption, it has become possible to carry out computations in the encrypted domain and process data without compromising information privacy. In this thesis, we study various classes of privacy-preserving information hiding schemes and their real-world applications for cyber security, cloud computing, Internet of things, etc. Data breach is recognised as one of the most dreadful cyber security threats in which private data is copied, transmitted, viewed, stolen or used by unauthorised parties. Although encryption can obfuscate private information against unauthorised viewing, it may not stop data from illegitimate exportation. Privacy-preserving Information hiding can serve as a potential solution to this issue in such a manner that a permission code is embedded into the encrypted data and can be detected when transmissions occur. Digital watermarking is a technique that has been used for a wide range of intriguing applications such as data authentication and ownership identification. However, some of the algorithms are proprietary intellectual properties and thus the availability to the general public is rather limited. A possible solution is to outsource the task of watermarking to an authorised cloud service provider, that has legitimate right to execute the algorithms as well as high computational capacity. Privacypreserving Information hiding is well suited to this scenario since it is operated in the encrypted domain and hence prevents private data from being collected by the cloud. Internet of things is a promising technology to healthcare industry. A common framework consists of wearable equipments for monitoring the health status of an individual, a local gateway device for aggregating the data, and a cloud server for storing and analysing the data. However, there are risks that an adversary may attempt to eavesdrop the wireless communication, attack the gateway device or even access to the cloud server. Hence, it is desirable to produce and encrypt the data simultaneously and incorporate secret sharing schemes to realise access control. Privacy-preserving secret sharing is a novel research for fulfilling this function. In summary, this thesis presents novel schemes and algorithms, including: ‱ two privacy-preserving reversible information hiding schemes based upon symmetric cryptography using arithmetic of quadratic residues and lexicographic permutations, respectively. ‱ two privacy-preserving reversible information hiding schemes based upon asymmetric cryptography using multiplicative and additive privacy homomorphisms, respectively. ‱ four predictive models for assisting the removal of distortions inflicted by information hiding based respectively upon projection theorem, image gradient, total variation denoising, and Bayesian inference. ‱ three privacy-preserving secret sharing algorithms with different levels of generality

    High throughput image compression and decompression on GPUs

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    Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der Entwicklung eines GPU-freundlichen, intra-only, Wavelet-basierten Videokompressionsverfahrens mit hohem Durchsatz, das fĂŒr visuell verlustfreie Anwendungen optimiert ist. Ausgehend von der Beobachtung, dass der JPEG 2000 Entropie-Kodierer ein Flaschenhals ist, werden verschiedene algorithmische Änderungen vorgeschlagen und bewertet. ZunĂ€chst wird der JPEG 2000 Selective Arithmetic Coding Mode auf der GPU realisiert, wobei sich die Erhöhung des Durchsatzes hierdurch als begrenzt zeigt. Stattdessen werden zwei nicht standard-kompatible Änderungen vorgeschlagen, die (1) jede Bitebebene in nur einem einzelnen Pass verarbeiten (Single-Pass-Modus) und (2) einen echten Rohcodierungsmodus einfĂŒhren, der sample-weise parallelisierbar ist und keine aufwendige Kontextmodellierung erfordert. Als nĂ€chstes wird ein alternativer Entropiekodierer aus der Literatur, der Bitplane Coder with Parallel Coefficient Processing (BPC-PaCo), evaluiert. Er gibt SignaladaptivitĂ€t zu Gunsten von höherer ParallelitĂ€t auf und daher wird hier untersucht und gezeigt, dass ein aus verschiedensten Testsequenzen gemitteltes statisches Wahrscheinlichkeitsmodell eine kompetitive Kompressionseffizienz erreicht. Es wird zudem eine Kombination von BPC-PaCo mit dem Single-Pass-Modus vorgeschlagen, der den Speedup gegenĂŒber dem JPEG 2000 Entropiekodierer von 2,15x (BPC-PaCo mit zwei PĂ€ssen) auf 2,6x (BPC-PaCo mit Single-Pass-Modus) erhöht auf Kosten eines um 0,3 dB auf 1,0 dB erhöhten Spitzen-Signal-Rausch-VerhĂ€ltnis (PSNR). Weiter wird ein paralleler Algorithmus zur Post-Compression Ratenkontrolle vorgestellt sowie eine parallele Codestream-Erstellung auf der GPU. Es wird weiterhin ein theoretisches Laufzeitmodell formuliert, das es durch Benchmarking von einer GPU ermöglicht die Laufzeit einer Routine auf einer anderen GPU vorherzusagen. Schließlich wird der erste JPEG XS GPU Decoder vorgestellt und evaluiert. JPEG XS wurde als Low Complexity Codec konzipiert und forderte erstmals explizit GPU-Freundlichkeit bereits im Call for Proposals. Ab Bitraten ĂŒber 1 bpp ist der Decoder etwa 2x schneller im Vergleich zu JPEG 2000 und 1,5x schneller als der schnellste hier vorgestellte Entropiekodierer (BPC-PaCo mit Single-Pass-Modus). Mit einer GeForce GTX 1080 wird ein Decoder Durchsatz von rund 200 fps fĂŒr eine UHD-4:4:4-Sequenz erreicht.This work investigates possibilities to create a high throughput, GPU-friendly, intra-only, Wavelet-based video compression algorithm optimized for visually lossless applications. Addressing the key observation that JPEG 2000’s entropy coder is a bottleneck and might be overly complex for a high bit rate scenario, various algorithmic alterations are proposed. First, JPEG 2000’s Selective Arithmetic Coding mode is realized on the GPU, but the gains in terms of an increased throughput are shown to be limited. Instead, two independent alterations not compliant to the standard are proposed, that (1) give up the concept of intra-bit plane truncation points and (2) introduce a true raw-coding mode that is fully parallelizable and does not require any context modeling. Next, an alternative block coder from the literature, the Bitplane Coder with Parallel Coefficient Processing (BPC-PaCo), is evaluated. Since it trades signal adaptiveness for increased parallelism, it is shown here how a stationary probability model averaged from a set of test sequences yields competitive compression efficiency. A combination of BPC-PaCo with the single-pass mode is proposed and shown to increase the speedup with respect to the original JPEG 2000 entropy coder from 2.15x (BPC-PaCo with two passes) to 2.6x (proposed BPC-PaCo with single-pass mode) at the marginal cost of increasing the PSNR penalty by 0.3 dB to at most 1 dB. Furthermore, a parallel algorithm is presented that determines the optimal code block bit stream truncation points (given an available bit rate budget) and builds the entire code stream on the GPU, reducing the amount of data that has to be transferred back into host memory to a minimum. A theoretical runtime model is formulated that allows, based on benchmarking results on one GPU, to predict the runtime of a kernel on another GPU. Lastly, the first ever JPEG XS GPU-decoder realization is presented. JPEG XS was designed to be a low complexity codec and for the first time explicitly demanded GPU-friendliness already in the call for proposals. Starting at bit rates above 1 bpp, the decoder is around 2x faster compared to the original JPEG 2000 and 1.5x faster compared to JPEG 2000 with the fastest evaluated entropy coder (BPC-PaCo with single-pass mode). With a GeForce GTX 1080, a decoding throughput of around 200 fps is achieved for a UHD 4:4:4 sequence
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