Behavioral operations management

Üretim dinamikleri ve performansında davranış teorisi son dönemde büyük ilgi görmektedir. Bu ilgi davranışsal üretim yönetimini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Davranışsal üretim yönetimini psikoloji, sosyoloji, deneysel ve davranışsal iktisat, örgütsel davranış, yönetim gibi farklı disiplinlere ait yöntemlerin üretim faaliyetleri ile birleştiği nokta olarak tanımlamak mümkündür. Davranışsal üretim hem operasyonel hem de davranışsal unsurları kapsamaktadır. Davranışsal üretim yönetimi araştırmalarının odak noktası işlemsel bakış açısıdır. Bu bağlamda örgütsel davranış alanından ayrılır. Davranışsal üretim yönetimi araştırmalarının amacı liderlik, adalet, duygular ya da motivasyonu derinlemesine anlamak değildir. Aksine, davranışsal üretim araştırmalarının hedefi üretim süreçlerini derinlemesine anlamaktır. Üretim alanındaki çalışmalarda davranışsal faktörlerin rolü kabul ediliyordu ancak bilim olarak üretim olgusunu sistematik bir çerçeveye oturtma çabası ile ilk etapta ölçülebilir ve daha objektif faktörlere odaklanılmıştır. Davranışsal faktörler diğer disiplinlere bırakılmıştır. Davranışsal üretim yönetimi bu ertelemenin belki de son bulmasıdır. Üretim yönetimine davranışsal bakış açısı, geleneksel modeller ve bu yeni gözlemsel bulgular arasındaki köprüyü yani birleştirici fonksiyonu sağlamaktadır. Geleneksel üretim yönetimi, bilimsel anlamdaki şekillenmesini daha çok matematiksel modelleme üzerine kurmuştur. Genel olarak davranışsal deneylerin ve matematiksel modellemenin paradigmaları farklı ödünleşmeleri gerektirir. Her biri kendi varsayımlarını oluşturur. Ama aynı zamanda her bir metodoloji kendi alanlarına önemli derecede katkıda bulunur. Daha da önemlisi bu iki metodoloji birbirlerini tamamlayıcı nitelikte faaliyet gösterirler. Bu çalışma; üretim faaliyetleriyle etkileşimde olan davranışsal konuları ele alan davranışsal üretim yönetimi üzerine açıklayıcı bilgiler vermektedir. Öncelikle davranışsal bakış açısının üretim yönetimine dahil edilme ihtiyacı üzerine bilgiler verilecektir. Sonrasında davranışsal üretimin temel varsayımları geleneksel üretimin varsayımlarından hareketle açıklanacak ve davranışsal üretim örnekleri verilecektir. Davranışsal üretim çalışmalarında araştırmacılar için özellikle çalışma alanını tanımlama en temel ve zor problemlerden birini oluşturmaktadır. Son olarak da davranışsal üretim yönetiminin çalışma alanları ve yöntemleri üzerine bilgiler verilecektir. Davranışsal üretim göreceli olarak çok yeni ve özellikle bilimsel yazında kaynak anlamında gelişmesi gereken bir alandır. Bu çalışma ile ülkemiz literatüründe neredeyse hiç yer almayan bu alana katkı sağlanmaya çalışılacaktır

Research interventions to strengthen irrigators' associations

Irrigation management, Water distribution, Financing, Data collection, Operations, Maintenance, Performance indexes, Privatization, Farmer-agency interactions, Institution building, Farmers associations, Training, Participatory management, Leadership, Farm Management, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession,

Value-oriented process modeling - towards a financial perspective on business process redesign

To date, typical process modeling approaches put a strong emphasis on describing behavioral aspects of business operations. However, they often neglect value-related information. Yet, such information is of key importance to strategic decisionmaking, for instance in the context of process improvement or business engineering. In this paper we propose a valueoriented approach to business process modeling based on key concepts and metrics from operations and financial management. A simple case study suggests that our approach facilitates managerial decision-making in the context of process re-design

Isotactics as a foundation for alignment and abstraction of behavioral models

There are many use cases in business process management that require the comparison of behavioral models. For instance, verifying equivalence is the basis for assessing whether a technical workflow correctly implements a business process, or whether a process realization conforms to a reference process. This paper proposes an equivalence relation for models that describe behaviors based on the concurrency semantics of net theory and for which an alignment relation has been defined. This equivalence, called isotactics, preserves the level of concurrency of aligned operations. Furthermore, we elaborate on the conditions under which an alignment relation can be classified as an abstraction. Finally, we show that alignment relations induced by structural refinements of behavioral models are indeed behavioral abstractions

The social preferences of local citizens and spontaneous volunteerism during disaster relief operations

Existing studies on disaster relief operations (DRO) pay limited attention to acts of spontaneous volunteerism by local citizens in the aftermath of disasters. The purpose of this paper is to explore how social preferences motivate citizens to help during post-disaster situations; above and beyond their own self-regarding interests. The paper begins by synthesizing the literature on social preferences from the field of behavioral economics and social psychology with the discourse surrounding behavioral operations management and humanitarian operations management (HOM). By doing so, we identify the motivators, enablers and barriers of local citizen response during disaster relief operations. These factors inform a theoretical framework of the social preferences motivating spontaneous volunteerism in post-disaster situations. We evidence facets of the framework using archival and unstructured data retrieved from Twitter feeds generated by local citizens during the floods that hit Chennai, India in 2015. Our model highlights the importance of individual level action during disaster relief operations and the enabling role of social media as a coordination mechanism for such efforts

Behavioral Operations Management in Federal Governance

The environmental uncertainty of federal politics and acquisition outsourcing in competitive markets requires an adaptive decision-analysis structure. Practitioners oriented toward exclusively static methods face severe challenges in understanding qualitative aspects of organizational governance. The purpose of this grounded theory study was to examine and understand behavioral relationship attributes within intuitive, choice, judgment, or preference decision-making processes. The problem addressed in this study was the detrimental effects of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), compulsory citizenship behavior (CCB), and social exchange theory (SET) on the acquisition management relationship The OCB, CCB, SET dictates that sound business development, relationship acumen, emotional intelligence and perceptiveness transcend pure numerical quantification. Exhibition of relationship-based attributes influence and drive long-term contractual relationships and the sustainability of business organizations. The data collected included historical data and survey responses. Approximately 34,000 acquisition professionals comprised the population-sampling frame. The study sample consisted of 378 survey responses that yielded 294 qualifying respondents with 94 disqualifications that produced a 78% response rate. The Carnegie-Mellon behavioral survey guidelines underpinned questionnaire construction and affirmation of themes. Strauss and Corbin grounded theory and theme generation addressed behavioral decision making under the additive model that inform the development of an organizational social operations and business framework that accounts for intuitive judgment. The study may contribute to positive social change by orienting managers toward behavioral decision making, ensuring responsiveness to the public and federal governanc

Best Management Practices in Green Lodging Defined and Explained

Best management practices in green lodging are sustainable or “green” business strategies designed to enhance the lodging product from the perspective of owners, operators and guests. For guests, these practices should enhance their experience while for owners and operators, generate positive returns on investments. Best management practices in green lodging typically starts with a clear understanding of each lodging firm’s role in society, its impact on the environment and strategies developed to mitigate negative environmental externalities generated from the production of lodging goods and services. Negative externalities of hotel operations manifest themselves in energy and water usage, waste generation and air pollution. Hence, best management practices in green lodging are dynamic, cost effective, innovative, stakeholder driven and environmentally sound technical and behavioral solutions that attempt to ameliorate or eliminate the negative environmental externalities associated with lodging operations, while simultaneously generate positive returns on green investments. Thus, best management practices in green lodging should reduce lodging firms’ operating costs, increase guest satisfaction, reduce or eliminate the negative environmental impacts associated with hotel operations while simultaneously enhance business operations

Analogs and the BHP Risk Reduction Strategy for Future Spaceflight Missions

In preparation for future exploration missions to distant destinations (e.g., Moon, Near Earth Objects (NEO), and Mars), the NASA Human Research Program s (HRP) Behavioral Health and Performance Element (BHP) conducts and supports research to address four human health risks: Risk of Behavioral Conditions; Risk of Psychiatric Conditions; Risk of Performance Decrements Due to Inadequate Cooperation, Coordination, Communication, and Psychosocial Adaptation within a Team; and Risk of Performance Errors due to Sleep Loss, Fatigue, Circadian Desynchronization, and Work Overload (HRP Science Management Plan, 2008). BHP Research, in collaboration with internal and external research investigators, as well as subject matter experts within NASA operations including flight surgeons, astronauts, and mission planners and others within the Mission Operations Directorate (MOD), identifies knowledge and technology gaps within each Risk. BHP Research subsequently manages and conducts research tasks to address and close the gaps, either through risk assessment and quantification, or the development of countermeasures and monitoring technologies. The resulting deliverables, in many instances, also support current Medical Operations and/or Mission Operations for the International Space Station (ISS)

Safety attitudes and behavioral intentions of municipal waste disposal drivers

The Theory of Planned Behavior was used to study factors useful for predicting Behavioral Intentions to commit unsafe acts while driving for commercial drivers working for municipal waste management operations centers. The Theory of Planned Behavior was found to be moderately effective in predicting behavioral intentions, particularly through the constructs of Attitude and Perceived Control. Driver perceptions of safety climate, self-assessed personal safety performance, risk aversion, and attitudes toward behavioral factors associated with engaging in risky behaviors while operating motor vehicles were studied. Risk aversion and driver perception of their own safety performance were also useful predictors of intention

Sovereign Wealth Funds: The Need for Greater Transparency and Accountability

Management of official holdings of foreign assets, in particular in sovereign wealth funds, has become a major focus of national and international economic and financial policy. The principal reasons are their size, lack of transparency, potential to disrupt financial markets, and the risk that political objectives might influence their management. Moreover, such large cross-border holdings in official hands are at sharp variance with today's market-based global economy and financial system. These investment activities of governments have become sufficiently significant that an internationally agreed standard should be established to guide these activities. The standard should apply to the gamut of international investments of governments, including traditional foreign exchange reserves, stabilization funds, nonrenewable resource funds, sovereign wealth funds, and government-owned or controlled entities such as pension funds. The standard should ensure that international investments of governments are based on clearly stated policy objectives and investment strategies. It should set out the role of the government and the managers of the investment mechanism/entity and ensure that the operations of the investment mechanisms are as transparent as possible. Depending on the type of mechanism, its size, and the scope of its activities, behavioral guidelines with respect to its management should be established. Such a standard would contribute not only to financial stability in the countries directly involved but also to international financial stability by increasing the transparency, accountability, and predictability of the operations of governments in managing their international investments and discharging their obligations to current and future generations.