25,032 research outputs found
The position of authenticity within extant models of personality.
The aim of the current study was to explore where authenticity, derived from the humanistic tradition of psychology, was positioned within a number of extant models of personality. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis of data from four samples (total N = 1286) suggested that authenticity can be considered as loading on the HonestyâHumility factor of personality. These findings are discussed in terms of the wider theoretical overlaps between HonestyâHumility and psychological functioning as emphasised by the humanistic tradition of psychology
Computational Approaches to Consecutive Pattern Avoidance in Permutations
In recent years, there has been increasing interest in consecutive pattern
avoidance in permutations. In this paper, we introduce two approaches to
counting permutations that avoid a set of prescribed patterns consecutively.
These algoritms have been implemented in the accompanying Maple package CAV,
which can be downloaded from the author's website. As a byproduct of the first
algorithm, we have a theorem giving a sufficient condition for when two pattern
sets are strongly (consecutively) Wilf-Equivalent. For the implementation of
the second algorithm, we define the cluster tail generating function and show
that it always satisfies a certain functional equation. We also explain how the
CAV package can be used to approximate asymptotic constants for single pattern
avoidance.Comment: 12 page
Pattern avoidance in binary trees
This paper considers the enumeration of trees avoiding a contiguous pattern.
We provide an algorithm for computing the generating function that counts
n-leaf binary trees avoiding a given binary tree pattern t. Equipped with this
counting mechanism, we study the analogue of Wilf equivalence in which two tree
patterns are equivalent if the respective n-leaf trees that avoid them are
equinumerous. We investigate the equivalence classes combinatorially. Toward
establishing bijective proofs of tree pattern equivalence, we develop a general
method of restructuring trees that conjecturally succeeds to produce an
explicit bijection for each pair of equivalent tree patterns.Comment: 19 pages, many images; published versio
Gauge and constraint degrees of freedom: from analytical to numerical approximations in General Relativity
The harmonic formulation of Einstein's field equations is considered, where
the gauge conditions are introduced as dynamical constraints. The difference
between the fully constrained approach (used in analytical approximations) and
the free evolution one (used in most numerical approximations) is pointed out.
As a generalization, quasi-stationary gauge conditions are also discussed,
including numerical experiments with the gauge-waves testbed. The complementary
3+1 approach is also considered, where constraints are related instead with
energy and momentum first integrals and the gauge must be provided separately.
The relationship between the two formalisms is discussed in a more general
framework (Z4 formalism). Different strategies in black hole simulations follow
when introducing singularity avoidance as a requirement. More flexible
quasi-stationary gauge conditions are proposed in this context, which can be
seen as generalizations of the current 'freezing shift' prescriptions.Comment: Talk given at the Spanish Relativity Meeting, Tenerife, September
200
A call-by-need lambda-calculus with locally bottom-avoiding choice: context lemma and correctness of transformations
We present a higher-order call-by-need lambda calculus enriched with constructors, case-expressions, recursive letrec-expressions, a seq-operator for sequential evaluation and a non-deterministic operator amb, which is locally bottom-avoiding. We use a small-step operational semantics in form of a normal order reduction. As equational theory we use contextual equivalence, i.e. terms are equal if plugged into an arbitrary program context their termination behaviour is the same. We use a combination of may- as well as must-convergence, which is appropriate for non-deterministic computations. We evolve different proof tools for proving correctness of program transformations. We provide a context lemma for may- as well as must- convergence which restricts the number of contexts that need to be examined for proving contextual equivalence. In combination with so-called complete sets of commuting and forking diagrams we show that all the deterministic reduction rules and also some additional transformations keep contextual equivalence. In contrast to other approaches our syntax as well as semantics does not make use of a heap for sharing expressions. Instead we represent these expressions explicitely via letrec-bindings
Survey strategy optimization for the Atacama Cosmology Telescope
In recent years there have been significant improvements in the sensitivity
and the angular resolution of the instruments dedicated to the observation of
the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). ACTPol is the first polarization
receiver for the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) and is observing the CMB sky
with arcmin resolution over about 2000 sq. deg. Its upgrade, Advanced ACTPol
(AdvACT), will observe the CMB in five frequency bands and over a larger area
of the sky. We describe the optimization and implementation of the ACTPol and
AdvACT surveys. The selection of the observed fields is driven mainly by the
science goals, that is, small angular scale CMB measurements, B-mode
measurements and cross-correlation studies. For the ACTPol survey we have
observed patches of the southern galactic sky with low galactic foreground
emissions which were also chosen to maximize the overlap with several galaxy
surveys to allow unique cross-correlation studies. A wider field in the
northern galactic cap ensured significant additional overlap with the BOSS
spectroscopic survey. The exact shapes and footprints of the fields were
optimized to achieve uniform coverage and to obtain cross-linked maps by
observing the fields with different scan directions. We have maximized the
efficiency of the survey by implementing a close to 24 hour observing strategy,
switching between daytime and nighttime observing plans and minimizing the
telescope idle time. We describe the challenges represented by the survey
optimization for the significantly wider area observed by AdvACT, which will
observe roughly half of the low-foreground sky. The survey strategies described
here may prove useful for planning future ground-based CMB surveys, such as the
Simons Observatory and CMB Stage IV surveys.Comment: 14 Pages, 9 Figures, 4 Table
High-resolution GPS tracking reveals sex differences in migratory behaviour and stopover habitat use in the lesser black-backed gull Larus fuscus
Sex-, size-or age-dependent variation in migration strategies in birds is generally expected to reflect differences in competitive abilities. Theoretical and empirical studies thereby focus on differences in wintering areas, by which individuals may benefit from avoiding food competition during winter or ensuring an early return and access to prime nesting sites in spring. Here, we use GPS tracking to assess sex-and size-related variation in the spatial behaviour of adult Lesser Black-backed Gulls (Larus fuscus) throughout their annual cycle. We did not find sex-or size-dependent differences in wintering area or the timing of spring migration. Instead, sexual differences occurred prior to, and during, autumn migration, when females strongly focussed on agricultural areas. Females exhibited a more protracted autumn migration strategy, hence spent more time on stopover sites and arrived 15 days later at their wintering areas, than males. This shift in habitat use and protracted autumn migration coincided with the timing of moult, which overlaps with chick rearing and migration. Our results suggest that this overlap between energy-demanding activities may lead females to perform a more prolonged autumn migration, which results in spatiotemporal differences in foraging habitat use between the sexes
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