The Biology Instrument for the Viking Mars Mission

Two Viking spacecraft have successfully soft landed on the surface of Mars. Each carries, along with other scientific instruments, one biology laboratory with three different experiments designed to search for evidence of living microorganisms in material sampled from the Martian surface. This 15.5-kg biology instrument which occupies a volume of almost 28.3 dm3 is the first to carry out an in situ search for extraterrestrial life on a planet. The three experiments are called the pyrolytic release, labeled release, and gas exchange. The pyrolytic release experiment has the capability to measure the fixation of carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide into organic matter. The labeled release experiment detects metabolic processes by monitoring the production of volatile carbon compounds from a radioactively labeled nutrient mixture. The gas exchange experiment monitors the gas changes in the head space above a soil sample which is either incubated in a humid environment or supplied with a rich organic nutrient solution. Each experiment can analyze a soil sample as it is received from the surface or, as a control, analyze a soil which has been heated to above 160C. Each instrument has the capability to receive four different soils dug from the Martian surface and perform a number of analysis cycles depending on the particular experiment. This paper describes in detail the design and operation of the three experiments and the supporting subsystems

A Historical Study of Radio Station KBRK AM-KGKG FM, Brookings, South Dakota:1955-1980

Presently, Brookings, South Dakota, has two radio stations: KESD-FM, a public broadcasting station, and KBRK AM-KGKG FM, a commercial station. This study is concerned with KBRK-KGKG and its development in the historic milieu of radio broadcasting. While many studies have been done on historical radio, both on the Master’s and PH.D levels, in other areas of the United States, only one has been completed on a South Dakota station. That study chronicled, KDSU, the campus radio station at the University of South Dakota radio stations, this current historical study represents an attempt to fill in a portion of this information gap. Also, it was felt to be of importance that the origin and development of KBRK-KGKG be recorded while first-hand information sources were still available. The purpose of this study is to provide a history of the origin and development of radio station KBRK AM-KGKG FM, Brookings, South Dakota, from its beginning on July 28, 1955, to July 31, 1980. More specifically, answers to the following questions were sought: 1. What were the origins and first year developments concerning the station: A. Initial Plans? B. Finance? C. Operations Personnel? D. Organizational Structure? E. Programming? F. Facilities? G. Advertising? H. Coverage Area? 2. What were the subsequent station developments in regard to: A. Operations Personnel? B. Organizational Structure? C. Coverage Area? D. Facilities? E. Programming? F. Advertising? G. Finance? H. Future Plans. The structure of the study is chronological, including the origin of the station KBRK-KGKG, early operations, and subsequent development of the station

Winona Daily News

https://openriver.winona.edu/winonadailynews/1365/thumbnail.jp

Available energy of proper LLTIP one-ports

A method for evaluating the available energy (as defined in 1981 by Wyatt et al.) of the proper linear lumped time-invariant passive one-ports of any order is proposed. The devised approach borrows many tools and techniques from the calculus of variations (Euler–Lagrange equations and natural transversality conditions). However, the final formula of the available energy has the simple structure of a quadratic form in the one-port state vector. To illustrate the method and the related energy matching problem, two numerical examples (one first-order and one second-order one-port) are discussed in detail

The Church of England and Usury

Not availabl

Report of the Commissioner of the General Land Office, 1878

Annual Message to Congress with Documcnts; Pres. Hayes. 2 Dec. HED 1, 45-3 , v1-11, 7968p. [1842-1852] Bannock hostilities; march of the Northern Cheyennes from Indian Territory to Dakota where they are turned over to the U.S. by Sioux at the Red Cloud agency; Indian cavalry; transfer of the Indian Bureau; annual report of the Sec. of War (Serials 1843-1848); annual report of the Sec. of Interior (Serials 1850-1851); annual report of the Gen. Land Office (Serial 1850); annual report of the CIA (Serial 1850), including statistics on Indians, trust funds, legislation, and reports on Supts., agents, schools, and farms ; etc