1,438 research outputs found
User and Developer Interaction with Editable and Readable Ontologies
The process of building ontologies is a difficult task that involves
collaboration between ontology developers and domain experts and requires an
ongoing interaction between them. This collaboration is made more difficult,
because they tend to use different tool sets, which can hamper this
interaction. In this paper, we propose to decrease this distance between domain
experts and ontology developers by creating more readable forms of ontologies,
and further to enable editing in normal office environments. Building on a
programmatic ontology development environment, such as Tawny-OWL, we are now
able to generate these readable/editable from the raw ontological source and
its embedded comments. We have this translation to HTML for reading; this
environment provides rich hyperlinking as well as active features such as
hiding the source code in favour of comments. We are now working on translation
to a Word document that also enables editing. Taken together this should
provide a significant new route for collaboration between the ontologist and
domain specialist.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, accepted at ICBO 2017, License update
Lisp, Jazz, Aikido -- Three Expressions of a Single Essence
The relation between Science (what we can explain) and Art (what we can't)
has long been acknowledged and while every science contains an artistic part,
every art form also needs a bit of science. Among all scientific disciplines,
programming holds a special place for two reasons. First, the artistic part is
not only undeniable but also essential. Second, and much like in a purely
artistic discipline, the act of programming is driven partly by the notion of
aesthetics: the pleasure we have in creating beautiful things. Even though the
importance of aesthetics in the act of programming is now unquestioned, more
could still be written on the subject. The field called "psychology of
programming" focuses on the cognitive aspects of the activity, with the goal of
improving the productivity of programmers. While many scientists have
emphasized their concern for aesthetics and the impact it has on their
activity, few computer scientists have actually written about their thought
process while programming. What makes us like or dislike such and such language
or paradigm? Why do we shape our programs the way we do? By answering these
questions from the angle of aesthetics, we may be able to shed some new light
on the art of programming. Starting from the assumption that aesthetics is an
inherently transversal dimension, it should be possible for every programmer to
find the same aesthetic driving force in every creative activity they
undertake, not just programming, and in doing so, get deeper insight on why and
how they do things the way they do. On the other hand, because our aesthetic
sensitivities are so personal, all we can really do is relate our own
experiences and share it with others, in the hope that it will inspire them to
do the same. My personal life has been revolving around three major creative
activities, of equal importance: programming in Lisp, playing Jazz music, and
practicing Aikido. But why so many of them, why so different ones, and why
these specifically? By introspecting my personal aesthetic sensitivities, I
eventually realized that my tastes in the scientific, artistic, and physical
domains are all motivated by the same driving forces, hence unifying Lisp,
Jazz, and Aikido as three expressions of a single essence, not so different
after all. Lisp, Jazz, and Aikido are governed by a limited set of rules which
remain simple and unobtrusive. Conforming to them is a pleasure. Because Lisp,
Jazz, and Aikido are inherently introspective disciplines, they also invite you
to transgress the rules in order to find your own. Breaking the rules is fun.
Finally, if Lisp, Jazz, and Aikido unify so many paradigms, styles, or
techniques, it is not by mere accumulation but because they live at the
meta-level and let you reinvent them. Working at the meta-level is an
enlightening experience. Understand your aesthetic sensitivities and you may
gain considerable insight on your own psychology of programming. Mine is
perhaps common to most lispers. Perhaps also common to other programming
communities, but that, is for the reader to decide..
Deep Encoding: Where Genetic Algorithms and Numeral Systems Meet
It has been shown empirically that certain beneļ¬ts can be gained by modelling genetic algorithm encoding as a numeral system and imple-menting mutation as a form of the numeral systemās arithmetic. It is the aim of this project to strengthen these ļ¬ndings. We will do this in three stages.Firstly, by creating meaningful classiļ¬cations of numeral systems and formally proving crucial properties such as termination of standardisation and normalisation.Secondly, by developing a programming framework centered around these system classes. The framework is used on strings and can impose numeral systems on them. This allows the user to write code that can be run with a selection of systems to see diļ¬erent results. For example, taking the string ā10ā and treating it as binary or decimal depending on what the user dictates.Thirdly, by writing a genetic algorithm and using the aforementioned framework to write an encoding method and mutation function that are based oļ¬ of numeral system arithmetic. The mutation function adds a random unit value to the digit string and mutates the string by utilising arithmetic overļ¬ow
Phonological problems in teaching English to speakers of Baghdad Arabic
Call number: LD2668 .R4 1966 A39
Women in Britainās First Muslim Mosques:Hidden from History, but Not Without Influence
Two of the earliest Muslim communities in Britain evolved around the first mosques in Liverpool and Woking (both—1889). The history of these early British Muslims is being recovered but little is known about the women (usually converts) in these communities. This article will draw upon original findings from archival research, to examine ‘leadership’ that women in these communities undertook and their influence in shaping their nascent British Muslim communities. The practical, theological and philosophical negotiations around gender roles, female leadership, and veiling and the social contexts within which they took place are examined. By uncovering historical responses to issues that remain topical in British Muslim communities, this article provides historical grounding for contemporary debates about female Muslim leadership in British Muslim communities
A Semi-Automatically Assessable Design for a Hands-On Compilers Course
This paper describes the author's experience with ahands-on compilers course designed and carried on in theGerman University in Cairo. The five main points are the courseobjectives, the course organization, the author's approach toformulating the lab exercises ā an approach recommended forprogramming courses in general (which is also the maincontribution as it offers a method for āsemi-automaticā gradingwithout the need for an automatic assessment system, besidesdocumenting the author's experience categorizing and offering ahands-on compilers course), the small language āinventedā forwhich the lexical analyzer, syntactic analyzer and interpreter areto be written by the students (which is the course's ongoingproject) and the adopted grading scheme. Besides, having thecourseās project seamlessly integrated within the other exercises(as opposed to a separate bulk at the end of the course) is anotherpoint stressed in its design. An idea for a system for automatingthe whole process is proposed at the end
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