Appropriateness of Western-Style HRM practices to emerging countries, a case study of Bangladesh

This paper outlines its significance to the both academic and practice arena. The main question, therefore, underpinning this paper and research inform it is: • How appropriate the Western-Style HRM practices to the emerging countries specifically in Bangladesh

Maribel Gamon - Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in India: Solving a Problem by Reconstructing the Public Health Infrastructure

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, commonly referred to as TB, is responsible for causing about 630,000 cases per year of infectious diseases worldwide. Recently, multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has become an alarming public health concern. In addition, many developing countries lack effective treatment programs. India is one of those countries with a high prevalence of TB, seemingly affected by disconnectedness in their public health infrastructure. India, although a developing country, is still burdened with both chronic and infectious diseases, and there is a reactive public health system that must place focus on long-term effects of emerging resistant strains of TB. It is important to develop rapid drug susceptibility testing for quick diagnosis and treatment of monitored TB levels. According to a 2013 article published by Lancet, countries with well-run public health programs, supported by early diagnosis and access to quality drugs, have better treatment outcomes and compliance. Compliance must be maximized in developing countries to prevent the continuing emergence of MDR-TB. India’s public health infrastructure must be reshaped and empowered with implementation of treatment programs and surveillance frameworks similar to those seen in countries with low rates of MDR-TB levels. It is important that India strengthen their framework for combating MDR-TB, with emphasis on increasing health literacy among community leaders, informing government agencies of the necessity of research and surveillance, strengthening rapid TB diagnostic systems, and providing culturally-appropriate TB treatment programs. Using intervention strategies from other communities may help India develop an appropriate solution for decreasing the prevalence of MDR-TB.https://epublications.marquette.edu/mcnair_2013/1012/thumbnail.jp

The new public financial management in Malaysia

Purpose - This study focuses on the effectiveness of New Public Financial Management (NPFM) in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews the literature on the universality of NPFM, distinguishing between those arguing NPFM is universally applicable and those regarding it as situational. It then tests whether NPFM is appropriate outside western contexts, examining developments in the emerging country of Malaysia. Major surveys and in-depth interviews with senior managers in 131 government agencies explore perceptions about the effectiveness of NPFM. Findings – Although technical, socio-political and behavioral issues do arise, we find empirical support for a universalist thesis that NPFM is appropriate in this emerging context. Research limitations/implications – All limitations of qualitative research apply. Findings may not be transferable to other emerging contexts. Practical implications – Practitioners should ensure sufficient resources to train managers in new methods and interpreting information. A participative culture may reduce gaming behavior, as may measuring the results of activities rather than provision, and rewarding managers for savings. Implementation success depends on parliamentary will to honour appropriate and timely allocations and on the executive to oversee and monitor the process effectively. Originality/value – The study provides rare empirical evidence on the universalist debate in emerging countries; with no previous substantive studies existing of NPFM in Malaysia. It also challenges conventional wisdom on institutional voids, socio-cultural differences and competitive market environments, indicating NPFM may be appropriate in emerging contexts

Monetary Policy in Emerging Markets: A Survey

The characteristics that distinguish most developing countries, compared to large industrialized countries, include: greater exposure to supply shocks in general and trade volatility in particular, procyclicality of both domestic fiscal policy and international finance, lower credibility with respect to both price stability and default risk, and other imperfect institutions. These characteristics warrant appropriate models. Models of dynamic inconsistency in monetary policy and the need for central bank independence and commitment to nominal targets apply even more strongly to developing countries. But because most developing countries are price-takers on world markets, the small open economy model, with nontraded goods, is often more useful than the two-country two-good model. Contractionary effects of devaluation are also far more important for developing countries, particularly the balance sheet effects that arise from currency mismatch. The exchange rate was the favored nominal anchor for monetary policy in inflation stabilizations of the late 1980s and early 1990s. After the currency crises of 1994-2001, the conventional wisdom anointed Inflation Targeting as the preferred monetary regime in place of exchange rate targets. But events associated with the global crisis of 2007-09 have revealed limitations to the choice of CPI for the role of price index. The participation of emerging markets in global finance is a major reason why they have by now earned their own large body of research, but it also means that they remain highly prone to problems of asymmetric information, illiquidity, default risk, moral hazard and imperfect institutions. Many of the models designed to fit emerging market countries were built around such financial market imperfections; few economists thought this inappropriate. With the global crisis of 2007-09, the tables have turned: economists should now consider drawing on the models of emerging market crises to try to understand the unexpected imperfections and failures of advanced-country financial markets.

On education and training appropriate information technology for developing societies

A research paper on education curriculum for appropriate Information Technologies (ICT's) for developing countries.While information technology' (IT) potentially holds promise in the technological advancement of developing countries, it is a revolution whose diffusion needs to be assessed. With the advent of IT in developing societies, education and training should play a significant role in IT policy dissemination and initiatives. Education and training towards appropriate IT remains crucial for the viability of a developing nation or region. Such viability is based on the effective use of material resources for public and private infrastructure. This paper focuses on the applicability of IT in developing countries. It presents some issues of appropriateness that need to be considered in formulating IT policies. It identifies education and training as crucial means of harnessing the potential of the emerging IT in developing societies

Approaches and frameworks for management and research in small-scale fisheries in the developing world

Commonly adopted approaches to managing small-scale fisheries (SSFs) in developing countries do not ensure sustainability. Progress is impeded by a gap between innovative SSF research and slower-moving SSF management. The paper aims to bridge the gap by showing that the three primary bases of SSF management--ecosystem, stakeholdersÆ rights and resilience--are mutually consistent and complementary. It nominates the ecosystem approach as an appropriate starting point because it is established in national and international law and policy. Within this approach, the emerging resilience perspective and associated concepts of adaptive management and institutional learning can move management beyond traditional control and resource-use optimization, which largely ignore the different expectations of stakeholders; the complexity of ecosystem dynamics; and how ecological, social, political and economic subsystems are linked. Integrating a rights-based perspective helps balance the ecological bias of ecosystem-based and resilience approaches. The paper introduces three management implementation frameworks that can lend structure and order to research and management regardless of the management approach chosen. Finally, it outlines possible research approaches to overcome the heretofore limited capacity of fishery research to integrate across ecological, social and economic dimensions and so better serve the management objective of avoiding fishery failure by nurturing and preserving the ecological, social and institutional attributes that enable it to renew and reorganize itself.Developing countries, Fishery management, Artisanal fishing, Research

Factors for analysing and improving performance of R&D in Malaysian universities

This paper presents a model for analysing and improving performance of R&D in Malaysian universities. There are various general models for R&D analysis, but none is specific for improving the performance of R&D in Malaysian universities. This research attempts to fill a gap in the body of knowledge with regard to developing countries by explicitly focusing on factors that are relevant for analysing and improving R&D performance in Malaysian universities.\ud The project's methodology essentially entails a deductive route to identify and progressively refine the factors that determine R&D performance. It is based on extensive literature study aimed at developing a model that is appropriate for researching and improving R&D in an emerging economy. The paper addresses the development of the model and the research project’s approach. This model will be applied in collecting data from surveys and a number of field studies. The results will be used to improve the model as well as recommending points of improvement for Malaysian universities

Mind the gap: Investigating the role of collective action in the evolution of Indian medical device regulation

Using the Indian medical device sector as a case study, this research examines the evolution of regulatory frameworks by analysing the conditions and processes through which regulatory environments for a technology-based industry come about. It also attempts to unpack the complex relationships between industrial capabilities in healthcare technology and human health, and the role of regulation in facilitating more inclusive healthcare and development in emerging countries. In doing so, the paper explains the ways in which an absence of collective action can severely inhibit the development of appropriate technological regulation and industry growth, particularly in the context of developing countries. It shows that contestation, conflict and coalitions as a key mechanism through which different stakeholders influence, enable and/or disable institutional change. These findings have significant implications for other developing countries which are struggling with the development of healthcare technology regulatory policy that is appropriate to local societal context and needs

Economic partnership agreements and the export competitiveness of Africa

Trade can be a key driver of growth for African countries, as it has been for those countries, particularly in East Asia, that have experienced high and sustained rates of growth. Economic partnership agreements with the European Union could be instrumental in a competitiveness framework, but to do so they would have to be designed carefully in a way that supports integration into the global economy and is consistent with national development strategies. Interim agreements have focused on reciprocal tariff removal and less restrictive rules of origin. To be fully effective, economic partnership agreements will have to address constraints to regional integration, including both tariff and non-tariff barriers; improve trade facilitation; and define appropriate most favored nation services liberalization. At the same time, African countries will need to reduce external tariff peak barriers on a most favored nation basis to ensure that when preferences for the European Union are implemented after transitional periods, they do not lead to substantial losses from trade diversion. This entails an ambitious agenda of policy reform that must be backed up by development assistance in the form of"aid for trade."Economic Theory&Research,Free Trade,Emerging Markets,Trade Policy,Trade Law

Approaches and frameworks for management and research in small-scale fisheries in the developing world

Commonly adopted approaches to managing small-scale fisheries (SSFs) in developing countries do not ensure sustainability. Progress is impeded by a gap between innovative SSF research and slower-moving SSF management. The paper aims to bridge the gap by showing that the three primary bases of SSF management--ecosystem, stakeholders’ rights and resilience--are mutually consistent and complementary. It nominates the ecosystem approach as an appropriate starting point because it is established in national and international law and policy. Within this approach, the emerging resilience perspective and associated concepts of adaptive management and institutional learning can move management beyond traditional control and resource-use optimization, which largely ignore the different expectations of stakeholders; the complexity of ecosystem dynamics; and how ecological, social, political and economic subsystems are linked. Integrating a rights-based perspective helps balance the ecological bias of ecosystem-based and resilience approaches. The paper introduces three management implementation frameworks that can lend structure and order to research and management regardless of the management approach chosen. Finally, it outlines possible research approaches to overcome the heretofore limited capacity of fishery research to integrate across ecological, social and economic dimensions and so better serve the management objective of avoiding fishery failure by nurturing and preserving the ecological, social and institutional attributes that enable it to renew and reorganize itself. (PDF contains 29 pages