Forecasting the multifactorial interval grey number sequences using grey relational model and GM (1, N) model based on effective information transformation

The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link.In the context of data eruption, the data often shows a short-term pattern and changes rapidly which makes it difficult to use a single real value to express. For this kind of small-sample and interval data, how to analyze and predict muti-factor sequences efficiently becomes a problem. By this means, grey system theory (GST) is developed in which the interval grey numbers, as a typical object of GST, characterize the range of data and the grey relational and prediction models analyze the relations of multiple grey numbers and forecast the future. However, traditional grey relative relational model has some limitations: the results obtained always show low resolution and there are no extractions for the interval feature information from the interval grey number sequence. In this paper, the grey relational analysis model (GRA) based on effective information transformation of interval grey numbers is established, which contains comprehensive information of area differences and slope variances and optimizes the resolution of traditional grey degree. Then, according to the relational results, the multivariable GM model (GM(1,N)) is proposed to forecast the interval grey number sequence. To verify the effectiveness of this novel model, it is established to analyze the relationship between the degree of traffic congestion and its relevant factors in the Yangtze River Delta of China and predict the development of urban traffic congestion degrees in this area over the next five years. In addition, some traditional statistical methods (principal component analysis, multiple linear regression models and curve regression models) are established for comparisons. The results show high performances of the novel GRA model and GM(1,N) model, which means the models proposed in this paper are suitable for interval grey numbers from regional data. The strengths which recommend the use of this novel method lie in its high recognition mechanism and muti-angle information transformation for interval grey numbers as well as its characteristic of timeliness in information processing

Sequential assimilation of crowdsourced social media data into a simplified flood inundation model

Flooding is the most common natural hazard worldwide. Severe floods can cause significant damage and sometimes loss of life. During a flood event, hydraulic models play an important role in forecasting and identifying potential inundated areas, where emergency responses should be deployed. Nevertheless, hydraulic models are not able to capture all of the processes in flood propagation because flood behaviour is highly dynamic and complex. Thus, there are always uncertainties associated with model simulations. As a result, near-real time observations are required to incorporate with hydraulic models to improve model forecasting skills. Crowdsourced (CS) social media data presents an opportunity for supporting urban flood management as it can provide insightful information collected by individuals in near real-time. In this thesis, approachesto maximise the impact of CS social media data (Twitter) to reduce uncertainty in flood inundation modelling (LISFLOOD-FP) through data assimilation were investigated. The developed methodologies were tested and evaluated using a real flooding case study of Phetchaburi city, Thailand. Firstly, two approaches (binary logistic regression and fuzzy logic) were developed based on Twitter metadata and spatiotemporal analysis to assess the quality of CS social media data. Both methods produced good results, but the binary logistic model was preferred as it involved less subjectivity. Next, the generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation methodology was applied to estimate model uncertainty and identify behavioural parameter ranges. Particle swarm optimisation was also carried out to calibrate for an optimum model parameter set. Following this, an ensemble Kalman filter was applied to assimilate the flood depth information extracted from the CS data into the LISFLOOD-FP simulations using various updating strategies. The findings show that the global state update suffers from inconsistency of predicted water levels due to overestimating the impact of the CS data, whereas a topography based local state update provides encouraging results as the uncertainty in model forecasts narrows, albeit for a short time period. To extend the improvement time span, a combination of state and boundary updating was further investigated to correct both water levels and model inputs, and was found to produce longer lasting improvements in terms of uncertainty reduction. Overall, the results indicate the feasibility of applying CS social media data to reduce model uncertainty in flood forecasting

Forecasting of Turkey's Sectoral Energy Demand by Using Fuzzy Grey Regression Model

Population growth, technological developments, economical growth and efforts to achieve a high standard of living increase the demand for energy. Satisfying this increasing demand without interruption is of vital importance for countries to ensure security of supply. Safely forecasting the energy demand of Turkey, which is about 3-4 times the world average, is important for sustainable development and improving standards of living in the country. This study seeks to forecast Turkey's total energy demand and determine the distribution of this demand among sectors and the amount of unutilized energy. In the study, the energy demand projection until 2023 was revealed with fuzzy grey regression model (FGRM) using the data between years 1990-2012. Keywords: fuzzy grey prediction; sectorial energy demand in Turkey; fuzzy grey regression model JEL Classifications: C610, L69

Flood Forecasting Using Machine Learning Methods

This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue Flood Forecasting Using Machine Learning Methods that was published in Wate

A Survey on Data Mining Techniques Applied to Energy Time Series Forecasting

Data mining has become an essential tool during the last decade to analyze large sets of data. The variety of techniques it includes and the successful results obtained in many application fields, make this family of approaches powerful and widely used. In particular, this work explores the application of these techniques to time series forecasting. Although classical statistical-based methods provides reasonably good results, the result of the application of data mining outperforms those of classical ones. Hence, this work faces two main challenges: (i) to provide a compact mathematical formulation of the mainly used techniques; (ii) to review the latest works of time series forecasting and, as case study, those related to electricity price and demand markets.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2014-55894-C2-RJunta de Andalucía P12- TIC-1728Universidad Pablo de Olavide APPB81309

Design of optimal reservoir operating rules in large water resources systems combining stochastic programming, fuzzy logic and expert criteria

Given the high degree of development of hydraulic infrastructure in the developed countries, and with the increasing opposition to constructing new facilities in developing countries, the focus of water resource system analysis has turned into defining adequate operation strategies. Better management is necessary to cope with the challenge of supplying increasing demands and conflicts on water allocation while facing climate change impacts. To do so, a large set of mathematical simulation and optimization tools have been developed. However, the real application of these techniques is still limited. One of the main lines of research to fix this issue regards to the involvement of experts' knowledge in the definition of mathematical algorithms. To define operating rules in a way in which system operators could rely, their expert knowledge should be fully accounted and merged with the results from mathematical algorithms. This thesis develops a methodological framework and the required tools to improve the operation of large-scale water resource systems. In such systems, decision-making processes are complex and supported, at least partially, by the expert knowledge of decision-makers. This importance of expert judgment in the operation strategies requires mathematical tools able to embed and combine it with optimization algorithms. The methods and tools developed in this thesis rely on stochastic programming, fuzzy logic and the involvement of system operators during the whole rule-defining process. An extended stochastic programming algorithm, able to be used in large-scale water resource systems including stream-aquifer interactions, has been developed (the CSG-SDDP). The methodological framework proposed uses fuzzy logic to capture the expert knowledge in the definition of optimal operating rules. Once the current decision-making process is fairly reproduced using fuzzy logic and expert knowledge, stochastic programming results are introduced and thus the performance of the rules is improved. The framework proposed in this thesis has been applied to the Jucar river system (Eastern Spain), in which scarce resources are allocated following complex decision-making processes. We present two applications. In the first one, the CSG-SDDP algorithm has been used to define economically-optimal conjunctive use strategies for a joint operation of reservoirs andaquifers. In the second one, we implement a collaborative framework to couple historical records with expert knowledge and criteria to define a decision support system (DSS) for the seasonal operation of the reservoirs of the Jucar River system. The co-developed DSS tool explicitly reproduces the decision-making processes and criteria considered by the system operators. Two fuzzy logic systems have been developed and linked with this purpose, as well as with fuzzy regressions to preview future inflows. The DSS developed was validated against historical records. The developed framework offers managers a simple way to define a priori suitable decisions, as well as to explore the consequences of any of them. The resulting representation has been then combined with the CSG-SDDP algorithm in order to improve the rules following the current decision-making process. Results show that reducing pumping from the Mancha Oriental aquifer would lead to higher systemwide benefits due to increased flows by stream-aquifer interaction. The operating rules developed successfully combined fuzzy logic, expert judgment and stochastic programming, increasing water allocations to the demands by changing the way in which Alarcon, Contreras and Tous are balanced. These rules follow the same decision-making processes currently done in the system, so system operators would feel familiar with them. In addition, they can be contrasted with the current operating rules to determine what operation options can be coherent with the current management and, at the same time, achieve an optimal operationDado el alto número de infraestructuras construidas en los países desarrollados, y con una oposición creciente a la construcción de nuevas infraestructuras en los países en vías de desarrollo, la atención del análisis de sistemas de recursos hídricos ha pasado a la definición de reglas de operación adecuadas. Una gestión más eficiente del recurso hídrico es necesaria para poder afrontar los impactos del cambio climático y de la creciente demanda de agua. Para lograrlo, un amplio abanico de herramientas y modelos matemáticos de optimización se han desarrollado. Sin embargo, su aplicación práctica en la gestión hídrica sigue siendo limitada. Una de las más importantes líneas de investigación para solucionarlo busca la involucración de los expertos en la definición de dichos modelos matemáticos. Para definir reglas de operación en las cuales los gestores confíen, es necesario tener en cuenta su criterio experto y combinarlo con algoritmos de optimización. La presente tesis desarrolla una metodología, y las herramientas necesarias para aplicarla, con el fin de mejorar la operación de sistemas complejos de recursos hídricos. En éstos, los procesos de toma de decisiones son complicados y se sustentan, al menos en parte, en el juicio experto de los gestores. Esta importancia del criterio de experto en las reglas de operación requiere herramientas matemáticas capaces de incorporarlo en su estructura y de unirlo con algoritmos de optimización. Las herramientas y métodos desarrollados se basan en la optimización estocástica, en la lógica difusa y en la involucración de los expertos durante todo el proceso. Un algoritmo estocástico extendido, capaz de ser usado en sistemas complejos con interacciones río-acuífero se ha desarrollado (el CSG-SDDP). La metodología definida usa lógica difusa para capturar el criterio de experto en la definición de reglas óptimas. En primer lugar se reproducen los procesos de toma de decisiones actuales y, tras ello, el algoritmo de optimización estocástica se emplea para mejorar las reglas previamente obtenidas. La metodología propuesta en esta tesis se ha aplicado al sistema Júcar (Este de España), en el que los recursos hídricos son gestionados de acuerdo a complejos procesos de toma de decisiones. La aplicación se ha realizado de dos formas. En la primera, el algoritmo CSG-SDDP se ha utilizado para definir una estrategia óptima para el uso conjunto de embalses y acuíferos. En la segunda, la metodología se ha usado para reproducir las reglas de operación actuales en base a criterio de expertos. La herramienta desarrollada reproduce de forma explícita los procesos de toma de decisiones seguidos por los operadores del sistema. Dos sistemas lógicos difusos se han empleado e interconectado con este fin, así como regresiones difusas para predecir aportaciones. El Sistema de Ayuda a la Decisión (SAD) creado se ha validado comparándolo con los datos históricos. La metodología desarrollada ofrece a los gestores una forma sencilla de definir decisiones a priori adecuadas, así como explorar las consecuencias de una decisión concreta. La representación matemática resultante se ha combinado entonces con el CSG-SDDP para definir reglas óptimas que respetan los procesos actuales. Los resultados obtenidos indican que reducir el bombeo del acuífero de la Mancha Oriental conlleva una mejora en los beneficios del sistema debido al incremento de caudal por relación río-acuífero. Las reglas de operación han sido adecuadamente desarrolladas combinando lógica difusa, juicio experto y optimización estocástica, aumentando los suministros a las demandas mediante modificaciones el balance de Alarcón, Contreras y Tous. Estas reglas siguen los procesos de toma de decisiones actuales en el Júcar, por lo que pueden resultar familiares a los gestores. Además, pueden compararse con las reglas de operación actuales para establecer qué decisiones entreDonat l'alt nombre d'infraestructures construïdes en els països desenrotllats, i amb una oposició creixent a la construcció de noves infraestructures en els països en vies de desenrotllament, l'atenció de l'anàlisi de sistemes de recursos hídrics ha passat a la definició de regles d'operació adequades. Una gestió més eficient del recurs hídric és necessària per a poder afrontar els impactes del canvi climàtic i de la creixent demanda d'aigua. Per a aconseguir-ho, una amplia selecció de ferramentes i models matemàtics d'optimització s'han desenrotllat. No obstant això, la seua aplicació pràctica en la gestió hídrica continua sent limitada. Una de les més importants línies d'investigació per a solucionar-ho busca la col·laboració activa dels experts en la definició dels models matemàtics. Per a definir regles d'operació en les quals els gestors confien, és necessari tindre en compte el seu criteri expert i combinar-ho amb algoritmes d'optimització. La present tesi desenrotlla una metodologia, i les ferramentes necessàries per a aplicar-la, amb la finalitat de millorar l'operació de sistemes complexos de recursos hídrics. En estos, els processos de presa de decisions són complicats i se sustenten, almenys en part, en el juí expert dels gestors. Esta importància del criteri d'expert en les regles d'operació requereix ferramentes matemàtiques capaces d'incorporar-lo en la seua estructura i d'unir-lo amb algoritmes d'optimització. Les ferramentes i mètodes desenrotllats es basen en l'optimització estocàstica, en la lògica difusa i en la col·laboració activa dels experts durant tot el procés. Un algoritme estocàstic avançat, capaç de ser usat en sistemes complexos amb interaccions riu-aqüífer, s'ha desenrotllat (el CSG-SDDP) . La metodologia definida utilitza lògica difusa per a capturar el criteri d'expert en la definició de regles òptimes. En primer lloc es reprodueixen els processos de presa de decisions actuals i, després d'això, l'algoritme d'optimització estocàstica s'empra per a millorar les regles prèviament obtingudes. La metodologia proposada en esta tesi s'ha aplicat al sistema Xúquer (Est d'Espanya), en el que els recursos hídrics són gestionats d'acord amb complexos processos de presa de decisions. L'aplicació s'ha realitzat de dos formes. En la primera, l'algoritme CSG-SDDP s'ha utilitzat per a definir una estratègia òptima per a l'ús conjunt d'embassaments i aqüífers. En la segona, la metodologia s'ha usat per a reproduir les regles d'operació actuals basant-se en criteri d'experts. La ferramenta desenvolupada reprodueix de forma explícita els processos de presa de decisions seguits pels operadors del sistema. Dos sistemes lògics difusos s'han empleat i interconnectat amb este fi, al igual què regressions difuses per preveure cabdals. El Sistema d'Ajuda a la Decisió (SAD) creat s'ha validat comparant-lo amb les dades històriques. La metodologia desenvolupada ofereix als gestors una manera senzilla de definir decisions a priori adequades, així com per explorar les conseqüències d'una decisió concreta. La representació matemàtica resultant s'ha combinat amb el CSG-SDDP per a definir regles òptimes que respecten els processos actuals. Els resultats obtinguts indiquen que reduir el bombament de l'aqüífer de la Mancha Oriental comporta una millora en els beneficis del sistema a causa de l'increment de l'aigua per relació riu-aqüífer. Les regles d'operació han sigut adequadament desenrotllades combinant lògica difusa, juí expert i optimització estocàstica, augmentant els subministres a les demandes per mitjà de modificacions del balanç d'Alarcón, Contreras i Tous. Estes regles segueixen els processos de presa de decisions actuals en el Xúquer, per la qual cosa poden resultar familiars als gestors. A més, poden comparar-se amb les regles d'operació actuals per a establir quines decisions entre les possibles serien coherentsMacián Sorribes, H. (2017). Design of optimal reservoir operating rules in large water resources systems combining stochastic programming, fuzzy logic and expert criteria [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/82554TESI

Machine Learning with Metaheuristic Algorithms for Sustainable Water Resources Management

The main aim of this book is to present various implementations of ML methods and metaheuristic algorithms to improve modelling and prediction hydrological and water resources phenomena having vital importance in water resource management

A Study of the Strategic Alliance for EMS Industry: The Application of a Hybrid DEA and GM (1, 1) Approach

Choosing a partner is a critical factor for success in international strategic alliances, although criteria for partner selection vary between developed and transitional markets. This study aims to develop effective methods to assist enterprise to measure the firms’ operation efficiency, find out the candidate priority under several different inputs and outputs, and forecast the values of those variables in the future. The methodologies are constructed by the concepts of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and grey model (GM). Realistic data in four consecutive years (2009–2012) a total of 20 companies of the Electronic Manufacturing Service (EMS) industry that went public are completely collected. This paper tries to help target company—DMU1—to find the right alliance partners. By our proposed approach, the results show the priority in the recent years. The research study is hopefully of interest to managers who are in manufacturing industry in general and EMS enterprises in particular

Modelling activated sludge wastewater treatment plants using artificial intelligence techniques (fuzzy logic and neural networks)

Activated sludge process (ASP) is the most commonly used biological wastewater treatment system. Mathematical modelling of this process is important for improving its treatment efficiency and thus the quality of the effluent released into the receiving water body. This is because the models can help the operator to predict the performance of the plant in order to take cost-effective and timely remedial actions that would ensure consistent treatment efficiency and meeting discharge consents. However, due to the highly complex and non-linear characteristics of this biological system, traditional mathematical modelling of this treatment process has remained a challenge. This thesis presents the applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques for modelling the ASP. These include the Kohonen Self Organising Map (KSOM), backpropagation artificial neural networks (BPANN), and adaptive network based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). A comparison between these techniques has been made and the possibility of the hybrids between them was also investigated and tested. The study demonstrated that AI techniques offer viable, flexible and effective modelling methodology alternative for the activated sludge system. The KSOM was found to be an attractive tool for data preparation because it can easily accommodate missing data and outliers and because of its power in extracting salient features from raw data. As a consequence of the latter, the KSOM offers an excellent tool for the visualisation of high dimensional data. In addition, the KSOM was used to develop a software sensor to predict biological oxygen demand. This soft-sensor represents a significant advance in real-time BOD operational control by offering a very fast estimation of this important wastewater parameter when compared to the traditional 5-days bio-essay BOD test procedure. Furthermore, hybrids of KSOM-ANN and KSOM-ANFIS were shown to result much more improved model performance than using the respective modelling paradigms on their own.Damascus Universit