Infrastructure System Recommendations for Narrow and Steep Streets in Istanbul

In Istanbul, with the establishment of clamshell concrete channels, refurbishment of water, electricity, natural gas and telephone infrastructure is expected to be much easier. Therefore, to combine the infrastructure services and managing from a single center, precast clamshell concrete channels (utility tunnels) shall be considered in priority. However, considering geographic and land use structure of the Istanbul, narrow and steep hilly streets come to mind immediately. These channels, also known as Utility Tunnel, should be designed as one or several people can work inside comfortably. Moreover this scale reinforced concrete tunnel is not possible to be fitted under a narrow and steep street or the pavement. Instead, this type of alternative infrastructure systems such as trenchless technology in the streets, can serve as a connection to the host system. In summary, Utility Tunnels have to be supported by the alternative infrastructure systems. While doing this, monitoring of alternative infrastructure systems have to be taken into account. Fiber optic sensors help on the health monitoring of infrastructure systems, mainly pipelines. Before deciding on what could be the alternative infrastructure systems, some cities that show the same characteristics with Istanbul have to be examined. For this aim, Trenchless pipe and cable laying technologies used in world cities with narrow streets and dense population were investigated

Metro systems : Construction, operation and impacts

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Experimental and numerical evaluation of a new composite pressure pipe for a Trenchless Rehabilitation Technology

The information presented in this dissertation is based on research work conducted at Trenchless Technology Center (TTC) at Louisiana Tech University. This work was performed through a contract with China University of Geoscience (CUG) for a gas company. China\u27s gas pipelines need replacement or rehabilitation after 15 to 30 years of service. China\u27s gas industry is looking for suitable techniques to transfer into their market. When compared to conventional excavation pipeline renewal or replacement methods, there are obvious advantages of TRT for gas pipelines that can impact the triple bottom-line of economic, social and environmental benefits. An introduction of TRT for gas pipelines has been provided. Also, an overview of international and China\u27s TRT for gas pipelines is provided. The focus is on specific questions existing for urban gas pipeline networks. Based on the international survey and literature review of TRT, TTC evaluated the candidate technologies and developed a selection criterion. A new composite hose was selected as the specific candidate technology for China gas pipelines. TTC performed mechanical and material property tests on the composite hose for pressure gas pipeline rehabilitation. These tests included long-term and short-term tension and bending tests, as well as tests for hardness and thickness. The performance of the hose has been completed including flexibility, strength and burst testing with connections. Taking advantage of the material parameters and the burst testing results, the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and Approximate Analytical Calculation (AAC) of the pressure carrying capacity of the hose has been completed. The purpose of the theoretical analysis was to find a simple and practical design principle and equation for the composite pipe with the Pipe-in Liner (PIL) method. The hoop stress equation was validated and set up as the design principle for the multi-layer hose. The PIL construction scope and technical advantages were determined. Installation details and technical parameters for the lowest Life Cycle Cost (LCC) were optimized. Industry Standards and Testing Requirements for Fiber Reinforced Polyethylene Hose for Trenchless Rehabilitation were completed in English and Chinese versions

Intensifying rehabilitation of combined sewer systems using trenchless technology in combination with low impact development and green infrastructure

Throughout Europe, there is a considerable need for investment in the upgrade of sewer systems – due to three main factors: ageing infrastructure, climate change and urban population growth. The need for investments is expected to grow significantly in the years ahead. Trenchless rehabilitation (no-dig) of sewer pipelines is a cost-efficient and environmental friendly method for upgrading existing pipelines with sufficient capacity. This study examines the possibility of applying no-dig to combined sewer systems (CS) with insufficient capacity. In this study, a concept assessment methodology that combines the analytical approaches from stormwater and sewer system assessments is presented. The methodology was tested on a case area that was part of an environmental project in Oslo, Norway. Three alternative concepts were examined; A0: no-dig and low impact development (LID), A1: no-dig, LID and green infrastructure (GI), and A2: CS up-sizing using open-cut methods. The study concludes that CS with insufficient capacity can be rehabilitated using no-dig if LID and GI. The combination of no-dig and LID reduces costs considerably but does involve the risk of damages from uncontrolled surface runoff. The main risk-reduction measure is the development of GI as an integrated stormwater management system that requires cross-sector collaboration within municipalities.publishedVersio

Multi-segment multi-criteria approach for selection of trenchless construction methods

The research work presented in this thesis has two broad objectives as well as five individual goals. The first objective is to search and determine the minimum cost and corresponding goodness-of-fit by using a different combination of methods that are capable of resolving the problem that exists in multiple segments. This approach can account for variations in unit price and the cost of the design and the inspection associated with multiple methods. The second objective is to calculate the minimum risk for the preferred solution set. The five individual goals are 1) reduction in total cost, 2) application of Genetic Algorithm (GA) for construction method selection with focus on trenchless technology, 3) application of Fuzzy Inference System for likelihood of risk, 4) risk assessment in HDD projects, and 5) Carbon footprint calculation. In most construction projects, multiple segments are involved in a single project. However, there is no single model developed yet to aid the selection of appropriate method(s) based on the consideration of multiple-criteria. In this study, a multi-segment conceptualizes a combination of individuals or groups of mainlines, manholes, and laterals. Multi-criteria takes into account the technical viability, direct cost, social cost, carbon footprint, and risks in the pipelines. Three different segments analyzed are 1) an 8 inch diameter, 280 foot long gravity sewer pipe, 2) a 21 inch diameter, 248 foot long gravity sewer pipe, and 3) a 12 inch diameter, 264 foot long gravity sewer pipe. It is found that GA would not only eliminate the shortcomings of competing mathematical approaches, but also enables complex optimization scenarios to be examined quickly to the optimization of multi-criteria for multi-segments. Furthermore, GA follows a uniform iterative procedure that is easy to code and decode for running the algorithm. Any trenchless installation project is associated with some level of risk. Due to the underground installation of trenchless technologies, the buried risk could be catastrophic if not assessed promptly. Therefore, risk management plays a key role in the construction of utilities. Conventional risk assessment approach quantifies risk as a product of likelihood and severity of risk, and does not consider the interrelation among different risk input variables. However, in real life installation projects, the input factors are interconnected, somewhat overlapped, and exist with fuzziness or vagueness. Fuzzy logic system surpasses this shortcoming and delivers the output through a process of fuzzification, fuzzy inference, fuzzy rules, and defuzzification. It is found in the study that Mamdani FIS has the potential to address the fuzziness, interconnection, and overlapping of different input variables and compute an overall risk output for a given scenario which is beyond the scope of conventional risk assessment

Science Mapping for Recent Research Regarding Urban Underground Infrastructure

The presented research conducted a bibliometric analysis regarding academic publications, especially journal publications, in the area of urban underground infrastructure (UI) systems (which include sewer pipes, drinking water pipes, cables, tunnels, etc.). In total, 547 journal papers published from 2002 to July 2022 (around 20 years period) were retrieved from Scopus using the proposed data collection method. Bibliometric analysis was conducted to extract and map the hidden information from retrieved papers. As a result, networks regarding co-citation, co-authorship, and keywords co-occurrence were generated to visualise and analyse the knowledge domain, patterns, and relationships. The eight most investigated topics in the UI research are identified and discussed, which provides an overview of the research history and focuses. Further, five potential research directions are suggested for researchers in the UI research area. The main contribution of this research is on revealing the knowledge domain of UI research in a quantitative manner as well as identifying the possible research directions

Quality assessment of CIPP lining in sewers:Crucial knowledge acquired by IKT and research gaps identified in Germany

Deterioration of buried water and sewer pipes is a significant concern among utilities around the world. Cured-In-Place-Pipe (CIPP) is one of the techniques commonly adopted to rehabilitate pipes. The main purpose of this paper is to provide a brief, but comprehensive, summary of information needed by researchers, engineers and municipalities to recognize the barriers and difficulties that may arise during CIPP sewer rehabilitation work. Thus, this paper outlines the issues and challenges associated with CIPP rehabilitation of main and lateral sewers by analyzing a series of projects conducted by IKT-Institute for Underground Infrastructure in Germany over the last two decades. Finally, ideas for further research are then proposed to reduce the obstacles and risks linked with this technique

Stochastic Simulation of Construction Methods of Multi-purpose Utility Tunnels

The traditional method of installing underground utilities, which is based on burying them under the roads, has been used for many decades. Repeated excavations related to this method cause many problems, which can significantly increase the actual costs as well as social costs. Multi-purpose Utility Tunnels (MUT) are a good alternative for buried utilities. Although MUTs are more expensive than the traditional method, social cost savings can make them more practical. Different factors should be investigated to determine if MUTs can be an economical and practical alternative. The construction method is one of the most important factors that should be carefully assessed to have a successful MUT project and reduce its impact on the surrounding area. Simulation can be used for investigating the different construction methods of MUTs. In this research, two stochastic discrete event simulation models depicting two MUT construction methods (i.e., microtunneling and cut-and-cover) are developed. The purpose of these models is to analyze the duration and cost of the MUT projects. Also, 4D simulation models of these methods are developed for constructability assessment of these projects. The conclusions of this research are as follows: (1) the duration of C&C method is more sensitive than microtunneling to the changes in tunnel diameter; (2) the cost of microtunneling method is more sensitive than C&C to changes in tunnel diameter; (3) in average, microtunneling is 52% more expensive and 66% faster than C&C; (4) the impact of the microtunneling on the surrounding area is less than the C&C

Decision-Making Guidance for Selecting Culvert Renewal Techniques

Deteriorating culvert infrastructure is among the primary concerns of transportation agencies across the globe and therefore, they need guidance tools for optimal inspection and rehabilitation decision making. This study developed and validated an easy-to-use decision making tool called the Culvert REnewal Selection Tool (CREST) for selecting appropriate renewal techniques to rehabilitate or replace deteriorated culverts. Eleven renewal techniques are investigated in this study as part of developing CREST; they include open-cut method (OC), internal grouting through human entry (IG), robotic grouting (RG), internal shotcrete through human entry (IS), robotic shotcrete (RS), slip lining (SL), cured-in-place pipe (CIPP), fold and form lining (FFL), spiral-wound lining (SWL), centrifugally cast concrete pipe lining (CCCP), and pipe bursting (PB). These techniques are appropriately mapped with the commonly observed defects in reinforced concrete pipe (RCP), corrugated metal pipe (CMP), and high density polyethylene (HDPE) culverts based on their general ability to address the respective defects. This dissertation study evaluated all the eleven culvert techniques based on three decision criteria that most transportation agencies are concerned about. The criteria include cost, expected design life, and productivity. The results of the evaluation are combined with user-defined, decision criteria preferences to develop CREST using the principles of Monte-Carlo Analytical Hierarchy Process (MCAHP). Twenty-six real-world case studies are chosen in order to validate CREST for a greater practical utility. CREST and the results of this study will provide general guidance to transportation agencies in planning and decision making of culvert rehabilitation projects

Application of Geographic Information System and Probabilistic Analysis for Water Pipeline Renewal Prioritization

Aging infrastructure such as the water distribution system needs to be rehabilitated and maintained to provide uninterrupted and intended service, and to minimize possible failure with minimum expenditure. The failure of water distribution system is inherently uncertain and cannot be predicted deterministically. The theories and methodologies for rational maintenance decisions under uncertainty for water distribution systems have been well developed. The methodologies take into account the uncertainty in the break occurrence and consider the cost associated with rehabilitation and renewal. Some of these methodologies have been implemented in the decision support systems (DSS), and the presentation of the analysis results for the spatially distributed water main network is facilitated through the use of a Geographic Information System (GIS). However, in many studies, the integration of the probabilistic analysis models and a GIS to prioritize the rehabilitation scheme for water distribution systems is often either loose coupling, which is often considered to be cumbersome in data exchange among the GIS and other programs, or embedded computing system, which is often considered to be superficial in problem solving and expensive due to the complex system development. Therefore, in those studies, a GIS is often used as a tool for spatial query, spatial selection or thematic mapping and they do not take the full advantage of the features, such as the spatial analysis functionalities, available within the GIS environment. To facilitate the municipal engineers in using probabilistic based DSS to make informed decisions, in this study, development of integrated application of the GIS and probabilistic analysis for water pipeline renewal prioritization are carried out. The development includes the implementation of necessary subroutines and functions, and the m incorporation of optimization algorithm for the probabilistic analysis in Visual Basic Application (VBA) environment that is supported by the commercially available GIS software, ArcView 9.1 by ESRI. In addition, user friendly Graphic User Interfaces (GUIs) are built and within the ArcView 9.1 to assist the user with data processing (e.g., cost information) and result visualization in map format. The developed system uses the expected total cost during a service period or the expected cost per unit service period as objective functions, and takes into account stochastic break occurrence modeling, pipe material and surrounding soil condition. An illustrative application of the developed system is given with the water distribution system obtained from an industry partner, the City of Hamilton. Through the example application, it is shown that the developed GIS-integrated DSS is not only an effective and efficient tight coupling system to implement the analysis and provide optimal replacement schedules to decision makers and city planners, but also a user-friendly system with the developed GUIs in ArcGIS