640 research outputs found
A survey of self organisation in future cellular networks
This article surveys the literature over the period of the last decade on the emerging field of self organisation as applied to wireless cellular communication networks. Self organisation has been extensively studied and applied in adhoc networks, wireless sensor networks and autonomic computer networks; however in the context of wireless cellular networks, this is the first attempt to put in perspective the various efforts in form of a tutorial/survey. We provide a comprehensive survey of the existing literature, projects and standards in self organising cellular networks. Additionally, we also aim to present a clear understanding of this active research area, identifying a clear taxonomy and guidelines for design of self organising mechanisms. We compare strength and weakness of existing solutions and highlight the key research areas for further development. This paper serves as a guide and a starting point for anyone willing to delve into research on self organisation in wireless cellular communication networks
Cooperative control of relay based cellular networks
PhDThe increasing popularity of wireless communications and the higher data
requirements of new types of service lead to higher demands on wireless networks.
Relay based cellular networks have been seen as an effective way to meet users’
increased data rate requirements while still retaining the benefits of a cellular
structure. However, maximizing the probability of providing service and spectrum
efficiency are still major challenges for network operators and engineers because of
the heterogeneous traffic demands, hard-to-predict user movements and complex
traffic models.
In a mobile network, load balancing is recognised as an efficient way to increase
the utilization of limited frequency spectrum at reasonable costs. Cooperative
control based on geographic load balancing is employed to provide flexibility for
relay based cellular networks and to respond to changes in the environment.
According to the potential capability of existing antenna systems, adaptive radio
frequency domain control in the physical layer is explored to provide coverage at
the right place at the right time.
This thesis proposes several effective and efficient approaches to improve
spectrum efficiency using network wide optimization to coordinate the coverage
offered by different network components according to the antenna models and
relay station capability. The approaches include tilting of antenna sectors,
changing the power of omni-directional antennas, and changing the assignment of
relay stations to different base stations. Experiments show that the proposed
approaches offer significant improvements and robustness in heterogeneous traffic
scenarios and when the propagation environment changes. The issue of predicting
the consequence of cooperative decisions regarding antenna configurations when
applied in a realistic environment is described, and a coverage prediction model is
proposed. The consequences of applying changes to the antenna configuration on
handovers are analysed in detail. The performance evaluations are based on a
system level simulator in the context of Mobile WiMAX technology, but the
concepts apply more generally
Contribution to resource management in cellular access networks with limited backhaul capacity
La interfaz radio de los sistemas de comunicaciones móviles es normalmente considerada como
la única limitación de capacidad en la red de acceso radio. Sin embargo, a medida que se van
desplegando nuevas y más eficientes interfaces radio, y de que el tráfico de datos y multimedia va
en aumento, existe la creciente preocupación de que la infraestructura de transporte (backhaul) de
la red celular pueda convertirse en el cuello de botella en algunos escenarios. En este contexto, la
tesis se centra en el desarrollo de técnicas de gestión de recursos que consideran de manera
conjunta la gestión de recursos en la interfaz radio y el backhaul. Esto conduce a un nuevo
paradigma donde los recursos del backhaul se consideran no sólo en la etapa de dimensionamiento,
sino que además son incluidos en la problemática de gestión de recursos.
Sobre esta base, el primer objetivo de la tesis consiste en evaluar los requerimientos de
capacidad en las redes de acceso radio que usan IP como tecnología de transporte, de acuerdo a las
recientes tendencias de la arquitectura de red. En particular, se analiza el impacto que tiene una
solución de transporte basada en IP sobre la capacidad de transporte necesaria para satisfacer los
requisitos de calidad de servicio en la red de acceso. La evaluación se realiza en el contexto de la
red de acceso radio de UMTS, donde se proporciona una caracterización detallada de la interfaz
Iub. El análisis de requerimientos de capacidad se lleva a cabo para dos diferentes escenarios:
canales dedicados y canales de alta velocidad. Posteriormente, con el objetivo de aprovechar
totalmente los recursos disponibles en el acceso radio y el backhaul, esta tesis propone un marco de
gestión conjunta de recursos donde la idea principal consiste en incorporar las métricas de la red de
transporte dentro del problema de gestión de recursos. A fin de evaluar los beneficios del marco de
gestión de recursos propuesto, esta tesis se centra en la evaluación del problema de asignación de
base, como estrategia para distribuir el tráfico entre las estaciones base en función de los niveles de
carga tanto en la interfaz radio como en el backhaul. Este problema se analiza inicialmente
considerando una red de acceso radio genérica, mediante la definición de un modelo analítico
basado en cadenas de Markov. Dicho modelo permite calcular la ganancia de capacidad que puede
alcanzar la estrategia de asignación de base propuesta. Posteriormente, el análisis de la estrategia
propuesta se extiende considerando tecnologías específicas de acceso radio. En particular, en el
contexto de redes WCDMA se desarrolla un algoritmo de asignación de base basado en simulatedannealing
cuyo objetivo es maximizar una función de utilidad que refleja el grado de satisfacción
de las asignaciones respecto los recursos radio y transporte. Finalmente, esta tesis aborda el diseño
y evaluación de un algoritmo de asignación de base para los futuros sistemas de banda ancha
basados en OFDMA. En este caso, el problema de asignación de base se modela como un problema
de optimización mediante el uso de un marco de funciones de utilidad y funciones de coste de
recursos. El problema planteado, que considera que existen restricciones de recursos tanto en la
interfaz radio como en el backhaul, es mapeado a un problema de optimización conocido como
Multiple-Choice Multidimensional Knapsack Problem (MMKP). Posteriormente, se desarrolla un
algoritmo de asignación de base heurístico, el cual es evaluado y comparado con esquemas de
asignación basados exclusivamente en criterios radio. El algoritmo concebido se basa en el uso de
los multiplicadores de Lagrange y está diseñado para aprovechar de manera simultánea el balanceo
de carga en la intefaz radio y el backhaul.Postprint (published version
Interference Management Based on RT/nRT Traffic Classification for FFR-Aided Small Cell/Macrocell Heterogeneous Networks
Cellular networks are constantly lagging in terms of the bandwidth needed to
support the growing high data rate demands. The system needs to efficiently
allocate its frequency spectrum such that the spectrum utilization can be
maximized while ensuring the quality of service (QoS) level. Owing to the
coexistence of different types of traffic (e.g., real-time (RT) and
non-real-time (nRT)) and different types of networks (e.g., small cell and
macrocell), ensuring the QoS level for different types of users becomes a
challenging issue in wireless networks. Fractional frequency reuse (FFR) is an
effective approach for increasing spectrum utilization and reducing
interference effects in orthogonal frequency division multiple access networks.
In this paper, we propose a new FFR scheme in which bandwidth allocation is
based on RT/nRT traffic classification. We consider the coexistence of small
cells and macrocells. After applying FFR technique in macrocells, the remaining
frequency bands are efficiently allocated among the small cells overlaid by a
macrocell. In our proposed scheme, total frequency-band allocations for
different macrocells are decided on the basis of the traffic intensity. The
transmitted power levels for different frequency bands are controlled based on
the level of interference from a nearby frequency band. Frequency bands with a
lower level of interference are assigned to the RT traffic to ensure a higher
QoS level for the RT traffic. RT traffic calls in macrocell networks are also
given a higher priority compared with nRT traffic calls to ensure the low
call-blocking rate. Performance analyses show significant improvement under the
proposed scheme compared with conventional FFR schemes
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