217 research outputs found
DESIGN OF LOW POWER MOBILE TRANSMITTER
The objective of this project is to design a power amplifier for a new two way mobile
radio product being launched by Motorola. Two-way mobile radio consists of a
transmitter, receiver and a voltage-controlled oscillator. Mobile radios usually have
transmitter whose power output ranges from 1 W to 50 W. Design of transmitter lineup
for mobile radio involves the design of appropriate matching network for driver
and power amplifier. The power and voltage control of these devices are equally
important. Designing a mobile radio transmitter is regarded tricky due to difficulty in
getting a robust transmitter that is stable with minimum oscillation.
In this work, the design is attempted usmg Advanced Design Simulator
(ADS). The design simulation provides accurate simulation on harmonic filter and
antenna switch. 50 ohm matching networks have also been designed and simulated
using ADS and it gives close approximation to the specifications. The radio has since
been prototyped and tested. The evaluation and testing of the radio has been carried
out and it satisfies the specifications that are set by the Telecommunication Industry
Association (TIA). Some minor optimization has also been performed to improve the
radio performance. Eventual product is a transmitter line up that function well today.
11
Product assurance technology for custom LSI/VLSI electronics
The technology for obtaining custom integrated circuits from CMOS-bulk silicon foundries using a universal set of layout rules is presented. The technical efforts were guided by the requirement to develop a 3 micron CMOS test chip for the Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES). This chip contains both analog and digital circuits. The development employed all the elements required to obtain custom circuits from silicon foundries, including circuit design, foundry interfacing, circuit test, and circuit qualification
Metodologia Per la Caratterizzazione di amplificatori a basso rumore per UMTS
In questo lavoro si presenta una metodologia di
progettazione elettronica a livello di sistema,
affrontando il problema della caratterizzazione dello spazio di progetto dell' amplificatore a basso rumore costituente il primo stadio di un front end a conversione diretta per UMTS realizzato in tecnologia CMOS con lunghezza di canale .18u. La metodologia è sviluppata al fine di valutare in modo quantititativo le specifiche ottime di sistema per il front-end stesso e si basa sul concetto di Piattaforma Analogica, che prevede la costruzione di un modello di prestazioni per il blocco analogico basato su
campionamento statistico di indici di prestazioni del blocco stesso, misurati tramite simulazione di dimensionamenti dei componenti attivi e passivi soddisfacenti un set di equazioni specifico della topologia circuitale. Gli indici di prestazioni vengono successivamente ulizzati per parametrizzare modelli comportamentali utilizzati nelle fasi di ottimizzazione a livello di sistema. Modelli comportamentali atti a rappresentare i sistemi RF sono stati pertanto studiati per ottimizzare la scelta delle metriche di prestazioni. L'ottimizzazione dei set di
equazioni atti a selezionare le configurazione di
interesse per il campionamento ha al tempo stesso richiesto l'approfondimento dei modelli di dispositivi attivi validi in tutte le regioni di funzionamento, e lo studio dettagliato della progettazione degli amplificatori a basso rumore basati su degenerazione induttiva. Inoltre,
il problema della modellizzazione a livello di sistema degli effetti della comunicazione tra LNA e Mixer è stato affrontato proponendo e analizzando diverse soluzioni. Il lavoro ha permesso di condurre un'ottimizzazione del front-end UMTS, giungendo a specifiche ottime a livello di sistema per l'amplificatore stesso
DESIGN OF LOW POWER MOBILE TRANSMITTER
The objective of this project is to design a power amplifier for a new two way mobile
radio product being launched by Motorola. Two-way mobile radio consists of a
transmitter, receiver and a voltage-controlled oscillator. Mobile radios usually have
transmitter whose power output ranges from 1 W to 50 W. Design of transmitter lineup
for mobile radio involves the design of appropriate matching network for driver
and power amplifier. The power and voltage control of these devices are equally
important. Designing a mobile radio transmitter is regarded tricky due to difficulty in
getting a robust transmitter that is stable with minimum oscillation.
In this work, the design is attempted usmg Advanced Design Simulator
(ADS). The design simulation provides accurate simulation on harmonic filter and
antenna switch. 50 ohm matching networks have also been designed and simulated
using ADS and it gives close approximation to the specifications. The radio has since
been prototyped and tested. The evaluation and testing of the radio has been carried
out and it satisfies the specifications that are set by the Telecommunication Industry
Association (TIA). Some minor optimization has also been performed to improve the
radio performance. Eventual product is a transmitter line up that function well today.
11
Optimising image quality for medical imaging
OPTIMAX 2016 was held at the University of Salford
in Greater Manchester. It is the fourth summer
school of OPTIMAX with other renditions having
been organized at the University of Salford (2013),
ESTeSL, Lisbon (2014) and Hanze UAS, Groningen
(2015). For OPTIMAX 2016, 72 people participated
from eleven countries, comprising PhD, MSc and BSc
students as well as tutors from the seven European
partner universities. Professional mix was drawn
from engineering, medical physics/ physics and
radiography. OPTIMAX 2016 was partly funded by
the partner universities and partly by the participants.
Two students from South Africa and two from Brazil
were invited by Hanze UAS (Groningen) and ESTeSL
(Lisbon). One student from the United Kingdom was
funded by the Nuffield Foundation. The summer
school included lectures and group projects in
which experimental research was conducted in five
teams. Each team project focus varied and included:
optimization of full spine curvature radiography
in paediatrics; ultrasound assessment of muscle
thickness and muscle cross-sectional area: a
reliability study; the Influence of Source-to-Image
Distance on Effective Dose and Image Quality for
Mobile Chest X-rays; Impact of the anode heel effect
on image quality and effective dose for AP Pelvis:
A pilot study; and the impact of pitch values on
Image Quality and radiation dose in an abdominal
adult phantom using CT. OPTIMAX 2016 culminated
in a poster session and a conference, in which the
research teams presented their posters and oral
presentations.
This book comprises of two sections, the first four
chapters concern generic background information
which has value to summer school organization and
also theory on which the research projects were built.
The second section contains the research papers
in written format. The research papers have been
accepted for the ECR conference, Vienna, 2017 as
either oral presentations or posters
Optimax 2016 : peer observation of facilitation
In August 2016, a 3-week research Summer School
was delivered at University of Salford. The Summer
School, known as ‘OPTIMAX’ was in its fourth year
of delivery. Previous iterations were held in the
Netherlands (2015), Portugal (2014) and Salford (2013).
The purpose of OPTIMAX is to facilitate collaborative
international and interdisciplinary research between
university academics and students. This offers an
exceptional opportunity not only for students, but also
for tutors who want to develop their facilitation skills.
The project reported here used tutor observers
(i.e. tutors who attend the summer school, in an
observational capacity only, to develop their own
skills as teachers) to observe, identify and reflect on a
range of facilitation practices for managing the diverse
OPTIMAX research groups. The project presents
a description of the peer-observation method we
used and highlights a number of findings related
to facilitator strategies that appeared to influence
group dynamics and learning. These observations
are then used to make recommendations about how
OPTIMAX tutors can be prepared for their facilitation
experience
Multi-time analysis of CMOS circuits
Transient simulation of circuits with widely separated time constants and fast periodic excitations is not efficient because a long simulation period with small time steps is required. One approach to simulate the transient behaviour more efficiently is known as the Multi Partial Differential Equation (MPDE). In the MPDE the system ordinary differential equations that describe a circuit is transformed into a system of partial differential equations with two time variables, one for the fast periodic variations and another for the slow transient evolution. This method has been implemented in a general-purpose circuit simulator program named Carrot. This thesis presents progress towards the development that simulator. The main contributions of this thesis are the implementation and validation of MOSFET models in the simulator and the study of the performance of the MPDE approach (as currently implemented in Carrot) applied to complex CMOS circuits. An overview of concepts relevant for this work is presented, followed by a detailed description of the MOSFET model implementation. Next, the design of an integrated CMOS ring voltage-controlled oscillator is presented. This is followed by simulation case studies. The simulation results indicate that the MPDE approach can achieve orders of magnitude of improvement in simulation speed compared to regular transient analysis. This thesis concludes with recommendations for future research
Amplificadores paramétricos de RF
Mestrado em Engenharia Electrónica e TelecomunicaçõesRecentemente tem-se feito um esforço no sentido de aumentar a
eficiência em aplicadores de RF, no entanto, o transístor é um
dispositivo intrinsecamente ineficiente. Utilizando amplificadores
paramétricos pode-se teoricamente chegar a 100% de eficiência mesmo
operando em modo linear.
A razão desta elevada eficiência é o dispositivo activo utilizado, já que
os amplificadores paramétricos utilizam uma reactância controlada, que
não consome potência. Esta mudança de elemento activo modifica
completamente o princípio de funcionamento dos amplificadores.
Neste trabalho este tipo de amplificação é estudado, relações e transformações conhecidas são examinadas primeiro para obter propriedades
limite gerais. Depois é feita análise de pequeno sinal para se obterem
outras características importantes. Finalmente, um novo modelo de
grande sinal é derivado e apresentado. Este modelo é capaz de prever
algumas características do amplificador, tal como o AM/AM.
Utilizando o modelo de grande sinal apresentado projecta-se um amplificador, sendo este posteriormente simulado.In recent years a significant effort has been made towards efficiency
increase in RF amplifiers. The transistor is, however, an intrinsically
inefficient device. Parametric amplification can theoretically be 100%
efficient even operating in linear mode.
The reason behind this efficiency is the active device. These amplifiers
forget the transistor to use a controlled reactance, which cannot consume
power. This switch in active element changes the whole principle
of operation of the amplifiers.
In this work this type of amplification is studied. Known relations and
transformations are first examined to obtain general limit properties of
the used elements. Then small-signal analysis is performed to obtain
other important characteristics. Finally, a novel large signal model is
developed and presented. This model is capable of accurately predicting
the non-linear responses of the amplifier, such as the AM/AM.
Using the presented large-signal model, an amplifier is designed and
simulated
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