594 research outputs found
SoK: Cryptographically Protected Database Search
Protected database search systems cryptographically isolate the roles of
reading from, writing to, and administering the database. This separation
limits unnecessary administrator access and protects data in the case of system
breaches. Since protected search was introduced in 2000, the area has grown
rapidly; systems are offered by academia, start-ups, and established companies.
However, there is no best protected search system or set of techniques.
Design of such systems is a balancing act between security, functionality,
performance, and usability. This challenge is made more difficult by ongoing
database specialization, as some users will want the functionality of SQL,
NoSQL, or NewSQL databases. This database evolution will continue, and the
protected search community should be able to quickly provide functionality
consistent with newly invented databases.
At the same time, the community must accurately and clearly characterize the
tradeoffs between different approaches. To address these challenges, we provide
the following contributions:
1) An identification of the important primitive operations across database
paradigms. We find there are a small number of base operations that can be used
and combined to support a large number of database paradigms.
2) An evaluation of the current state of protected search systems in
implementing these base operations. This evaluation describes the main
approaches and tradeoffs for each base operation. Furthermore, it puts
protected search in the context of unprotected search, identifying key gaps in
functionality.
3) An analysis of attacks against protected search for different base
queries.
4) A roadmap and tools for transforming a protected search system into a
protected database, including an open-source performance evaluation platform
and initial user opinions of protected search.Comment: 20 pages, to appear to IEEE Security and Privac
Survey on securing data storage in the cloud
Cloud Computing has become a well-known primitive nowadays; many researchers and companies are embracing this fascinating technology with feverish haste. In the meantime, security and privacy challenges are brought forward while the number of cloud storage user increases expeditiously. In this work, we conduct an in-depth survey on recent research activities of cloud storage security in association with cloud computing. After an overview of the cloud storage system and its security problem, we focus on the key security requirement triad, i.e., data integrity, data confidentiality, and availability. For each of the three security objectives, we discuss the new unique challenges faced by the cloud storage services, summarize key issues discussed in the current literature, examine, and compare the existing and emerging approaches proposed to meet those new challenges, and point out possible extensions and futuristic research opportunities. The goal of our paper is to provide a state-of-the-art knowledge to new researchers who would like to join this exciting new field
Searchable Symmetric Encryption and its applications
In the age of personalized advertisement and online identity profiles, people’s personal information is worth more to corporations than ever. Storing data in the cloud is increasing in popularity due to bigger file sizes and people just storing more information digitally. The leading cloud storage providers require insight into what users store on their servers. This forces users to trust their cloud storage provider not to misuse their information. This opens the possibility that private information is sold to hackers or is made publicly available on the internet. However, the more realistic case is that the service provider sells or misuses your metadata for use in personalized advertisements or other, less apparent purposes. This thesis will explore Searchable Sym- metric Encryption (SSE) algorithms and how we can utilize them to make a more secure cloud storage serviceMasteroppgave i informatikkINF399MAMN-PROGMAMN-IN
Secure Remote Storage of Logs with Search Capabilities
Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia InformáticaAlong side with the use of cloud-based services, infrastructure and storage, the use of application logs
in business critical applications is a standard practice nowadays. Such application logs must be stored
in an accessible manner in order to used whenever needed. The debugging of these applications is a
common situation where such access is required. Frequently, part of the information contained in logs
records is sensitive.
This work proposes a new approach of storing critical logs in a cloud-based storage recurring to
searchable encryption, inverted indexing and hash chaining techniques to achieve, in a unified way, the
needed privacy, integrity and authenticity while maintaining server side searching capabilities by the logs
owner.
The designed search algorithm enables conjunctive keywords queries plus a fine-grained search
supported by field searching and nested queries, which are essential in the referred use case. To the
best of our knowledge, the proposed solution is also the first to introduce a query language that enables
complex conjunctive keywords and a fine-grained search backed by field searching and sub queries.A gerac¸ ˜ao de logs em aplicac¸ ˜oes e a sua posterior consulta s˜ao fulcrais para o funcionamento de qualquer
neg´ocio ou empresa. Estes logs podem ser usados para eventuais ac¸ ˜oes de auditoria, uma vez
que estabelecem uma baseline das operac¸ ˜oes realizadas. Servem igualmente o prop´ osito de identificar
erros, facilitar ac¸ ˜oes de debugging e diagnosticar bottlennecks de performance. Tipicamente, a maioria
da informac¸ ˜ao contida nesses logs ´e considerada sens´ıvel.
Quando estes logs s˜ao armazenados in-house, as considerac¸ ˜oes relacionadas com anonimizac¸ ˜ao,
confidencialidade e integridade s˜ao geralmente descartadas. Contudo, com o advento das plataformas
cloud e a transic¸ ˜ao quer das aplicac¸ ˜oes quer dos seus logs para estes ecossistemas, processos de
logging remotos, seguros e confidenciais surgem como um novo desafio. Adicionalmente, regulac¸ ˜ao
como a RGPD, imp˜oe que as instituic¸ ˜oes e empresas garantam o armazenamento seguro dos dados.
A forma mais comum de garantir a confidencialidade consiste na utilizac¸ ˜ao de t ´ecnicas criptogr ´aficas
para cifrar a totalidade dos dados anteriormente `a sua transfer ˆencia para o servidor remoto. Caso sejam
necess´ arias capacidades de pesquisa, a abordagem mais simples ´e a transfer ˆencia de todos os dados
cifrados para o lado do cliente, que proceder´a `a sua decifra e pesquisa sobre os dados decifrados.
Embora esta abordagem garanta a confidencialidade e privacidade dos dados, rapidamente se torna
impratic ´avel com o crescimento normal dos registos de log. Adicionalmente, esta abordagem n˜ao faz
uso do potencial total que a cloud tem para oferecer.
Com base nesta tem´ atica, esta tese prop˜oe o desenvolvimento de uma soluc¸ ˜ao de armazenamento
de logs operacionais de forma confidencial, integra e autˆ entica, fazendo uso das capacidades de armazenamento
e computac¸ ˜ao das plataformas cloud. Adicionalmente, a possibilidade de pesquisa sobre
os dados ´e mantida. Essa pesquisa ´e realizada server-side diretamente sobre os dados cifrados e sem
acesso em momento algum a dados n˜ao cifrados por parte do servidor..
An architecture for secure searchable cloud storage
Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.Cloud Computing is a relatively new and appealing concept; however, users may not fully trust Cloud Providers with their data and can be reluctant to store their files on Cloud Storage Services. The problem is that Cloud Providers allow users to store their information on the provider's infrastructure with compliance to their terms and conditions, however all security is handled by the provider and generally the details of how this is done are not disclosed. This thesis describes a solution that allows users to securely store data all a public cloud, while also providing a mechanism to allow for searchability through their encrypted data. Users are able to submit encrypted keyword queries and, through a symmetric searchable encryption scheme, the system retrieves a list of files with such keywords contained within the cloud storage medium
Privacy preserving algorithms for newly emergent computing environments
Privacy preserving data usage ensures appropriate usage of data without compromising sensitive information. Data privacy is a primary requirement since customers' data is an asset to any organization and it contains customers' private information. Data seclusion cannot be a solution to keep data private. Data sharing as well as keeping data private is important for different purposes, e.g., company welfare, research, business etc. A broad range of industries where data privacy is mandatory includes healthcare, aviation industry, education system, federal law enforcement, etc.In this thesis dissertation we focus on data privacy schemes in emerging fields of computer science, namely, health informatics, data mining, distributed cloud, biometrics, and mobile payments. Linking and mining medical records across different medical service providers are important to the enhancement of health care quality. Under HIPAA regulation keeping medical records private is important. In real-world health care databases, records may well contain errors. Linking the error-prone data and preserving data privacy at the same time is very difficult. We introduce a privacy preserving Error-Tolerant Linking Algorithm to enable medical records linkage for error-prone medical records. Mining frequent sequential patterns such as, patient path, treatment pattern, etc., across multiple medical sites helps to improve health care quality and research. We propose a privacy preserving sequential pattern mining scheme across multiple medical sites. In a distributed cloud environment resources are provided by users who are geographically distributed over a large area. Since resources are provided by regular users, data privacy and security are main concerns. We propose a privacy preserving data storage mechanism among different users in a distributed cloud. Managing secret key for encryption is difficult in a distributed cloud. To protect secret key in a distributed cloud we propose a multilevel threshold secret sharing mechanism. Biometric authentication ensures user identity by means of user's biometric traits. Any individual's biometrics should be protected since biometrics are unique and can be stolen or misused by an adversary. We present a secure and privacy preserving biometric authentication scheme using watermarking technique. Mobile payments have become popular with the extensive use of mobile devices. Mobile applications for payments needs to be very secure to perform transactions and at the same time needs to be efficient. We design and develop a mobile application for secure mobile payments. To secure mobile payments we focus on user's biometric authentication as well as secure bank transaction. We propose a novel privacy preserving biometric authentication algorithm for secure mobile payments
Privacy-Preserving Secret Shared Computations using MapReduce
Data outsourcing allows data owners to keep their data at \emph{untrusted}
clouds that do not ensure the privacy of data and/or computations. One useful
framework for fault-tolerant data processing in a distributed fashion is
MapReduce, which was developed for \emph{trusted} private clouds. This paper
presents algorithms for data outsourcing based on Shamir's secret-sharing
scheme and for executing privacy-preserving SQL queries such as count,
selection including range selection, projection, and join while using MapReduce
as an underlying programming model. Our proposed algorithms prevent an
adversary from knowing the database or the query while also preventing
output-size and access-pattern attacks. Interestingly, our algorithms do not
involve the database owner, which only creates and distributes secret-shares
once, in answering any query, and hence, the database owner also cannot learn
the query. Logically and experimentally, we evaluate the efficiency of the
algorithms on the following parameters: (\textit{i}) the number of
communication rounds (between a user and a server), (\textit{ii}) the total
amount of bit flow (between a user and a server), and (\textit{iii}) the
computational load at the user and the server.\BComment: IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing, Accepted 01
Aug. 201
TSKY: a dependable middleware solution for data privacy using public storage clouds
Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia InformáticaThis dissertation aims to take advantage of the virtues offered by data storage cloud based systems on the Internet, proposing a solution that avoids security issues by combining different providers’ solutions in a vision of a cloud-of-clouds storage and computing. The solution, TSKY System (or Trusted Sky), is implemented as a middleware system, featuring a set of components designed to establish and to enhance conditions for security, privacy, reliability and availability of data, with these conditions being secured and verifiable by the end-user, independently of each provider. These components, implement cryptographic tools, including threshold and homomorphic cryptographic schemes, combined with encryption, replication, and dynamic indexing mecha-nisms. The solution allows data management and distribution functions over data kept in different storage clouds, not necessarily trusted, improving and ensuring resilience and security guarantees against Byzantine faults and at-tacks. The generic approach of the TSKY system model and its implemented services are evaluated in the context of a Trusted Email Repository System (TSKY-TMS System). The TSKY-TMS system is a prototype that uses the base TSKY middleware services to store mailboxes and email Messages in a cloud-of-clouds
Data Auditing and Security in Cloud Computing: Issues, Challenges and Future Directions
Cloud computing is one of the significant development that utilizes progressive computational power and upgrades data distribution and data storing facilities. With cloud information services, it is essential for information to be saved in the cloud and also distributed across numerous customers. Cloud information repository is involved with issues of information integrity, data security and information access by unapproved users. Hence, an autonomous reviewing and auditing facility is necessary to guarantee that the information is effectively accommodated and used in the cloud. In this paper, a comprehensive survey on the state-of-art techniques in data auditing and security are discussed. Challenging problems in information repository auditing and security are presented. Finally, directions for future research in data auditing and security have been discussed
Data auditing and security in cloud computing: issues, challenges and future directions
Cloud computing is one of the significant development that utilizes progressive computational power and
upgrades data distribution and data storing facilities. With cloud information services, it is essential for
information to be saved in the cloud and also distributed across numerous customers. Cloud information
repository is involved with issues of information integrity, data security and information access by unapproved
users. Hence, an autonomous reviewing and auditing facility is necessary to guarantee that the information is
effectively accommodated and used in the cloud. In this paper, a comprehensive survey on the state-of-art
techniques in data auditing and security are discussed. Challenging problems in information repository auditing
and security are presented. Finally, directions for future research in data auditing and security have been
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