Wireless body sensor networks for health-monitoring applications

This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article accepted for publication in Physiological Measurement. The publisher is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The Version of Record is available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0967-3334/29/11/R01

Communication Subsystems for Emerging Wireless Technologies

The paper describes a multi-disciplinary design of modern communication systems. The design starts with the analysis of a system in order to define requirements on its individual components. The design exploits proper models of communication channels to adapt the systems to expected transmission conditions. Input filtering of signals both in the frequency domain and in the spatial domain is ensured by a properly designed antenna. Further signal processing (amplification and further filtering) is done by electronics circuits. Finally, signal processing techniques are applied to yield information about current properties of frequency spectrum and to distribute the transmission over free subcarrier channels

A Quantitative Assessment of the Compatibility of Ultra Wideband with Broadband Wireless Access and Radar Services

In July 2008, following a request made by the Radio Spectrum Policy Unit in DG INFSO (Unit B4), a pilot phase of twelve months was agreed with Member States representatives in the Radio Spectrum Committee. During this time the Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen of the EC Joint Research Centre (IPSC-JRC) has been mandated to provide testing facilities to support the development of Community spectrum legal measures under the Radio Spectrum Decision (676/2002/EC). In the frame of this pilot phase, IPSC-JRC has successfully completed the implementation and extensive testing of both a state-of-the-art laboratory test-bed and a simulation tool, which have been specifically designed for two different coexistence studies. Firstly, the coexistence between broadband wireless access (BWA) and ultra wideband (UWB) services in the 3.5 GHz frequency band; and secondly, the coexistence between radiolocation (i.e. radar) and UWB services in the 3.1-3.4 GHz frequency band. The selection of these two coexistence scenarios is not casual and has been made based on the fact that they have been considered highly relevant in the CEPT-ECC studies on UWB mandated by the European Commission.JRC.G.6-Security technology assessmen

Multiple Slot Fractal Structured Antenna for Wi-Fi and Radio Altimeter for uncertain Applications

A multiple slot fractal antenna design has been determined communication efficiency and its multi-function activities.  High-speed small communication devices have been required for future smart chip applications, so that researchers have been employed new and creative antenna design. Antennas are key part in communication systems, those are used to improve communication parameters like gain, efficiency, and bandwidth. Consistently, modern antennas design with high bandwidth and gain balancing is very difficult, therefore an adaptive antenna array chip design is required. In this research work a coaxial fed antenna with fractal geometry design has been implemented for Wi-Fi and Radio altimeter application. The fractal geometry has been taken with multiple numbers of slots in the radiating structure for uncertain applications. The coaxial feeding location has been selected based on the good impedance matching condition (50 Ohms). The overall dimension mentioned for antenna are approximately 50X50X1.6 mm on FR4 substrate and performance characteristic analysis is performed with change in substrate material presented in this work. Dual-band resonant frequency is being emitted by the antenna with resonance at 3.1 and 4.3 GHz for FR4 substrate material and change in the resonant bands is obtained with change in substrate. The proposed Antenna is prototyped on Anritsu VNA tool and presented the comparative analysis like VSWR 12%, reflection coefficient 9.4%,3D-Gain 6.2% and surface current 9.3% had been improved

Architectures and Novel Functionalities for Optical Access OFDM Networks "Arquitecturas y Nuevas Funcionalidades para Redes OFDM de Acceso Óptico"

En los últimos años ha habido un gran aumento en el despliegue de redes de acceso ópticas de fibra hasta el hogar (FTTH, del inglés fibre-to-the home). FTTH es una solución flexible, una tecnología de acceso de futuro que permite proporcionar tasas de datos del orden de Gbit/s por ususario. Diversos estudios indican que FTTH se convertirá en la diferencia clave entre los operadores más importantes. Además, FTTH es la única tecnolotgía capaz de crear nuevas fuentes de ingresos de aplicaciones de alta velocidad, como por ejemple entretenimiento de alta definición (vído y juegos de alta definición...) Dede el punto de vista del operador, una de las vientajas importantes que proporciona FTTH es que permite una mayor eficiencia operativa en coparción con otras tecnologías de acceso, principalmente por la reducción de costes de mantenimiento y de operación. Además, FTTH reduce los requisitos de los equipos de las centrales. Esta tesis doctoral tiene como ojetivo extender estas ventajas más allá del concepto FTTH mediante la integración de la red óptica de distribución desplegada dentro del hogar así como el enlace radio final de corto o medio alcance inalámbrico. Esto proporciona una arquitctura de red FFTH integrada de extremo a extremo. De este modo, los beneficios de la reducción de costes operativos y mayor eficiencia se extienden hasta el usuario final de la red. En esta tesis doctoral, se propone una arqutectura de acceso integrada óptica-radio basada en la multiplexación por división ortogonal de fecuencia (OFDM, del inglés orthogonal frequency división multiplexing) para proporcionar diferentes servicios al usuario como Internet, teléfono/voz, televisión de lata definición, conexión inalámbrica y seguridad en el hogar. Las señales OFDM se utilizan en muchos estándares inalámbricos como las señales de banda ultraancha (UWB, del inglés ultra-wide band), WiMAX, LTE, WLAN, DVB-T o DAB. Estos formatos aprovechan las características intrínsecas de la modulación OFDM como su mayor inmunidad ante desvanecimiento multi-camino. Esta tesis incluye la propuesta y la demostración experimental de la transmisión simultánea y bi-direccional de señales OFDM multi-estándar en radio-sobre-fibra proporcionando servicios triple-play basados en OFDM como UWB para televisión de alta definición, WiMAX para datos de Internet, y LTE para el servicio telefónico.Morant Perez, M. (2012). Architectures and Novel Functionalities for Optical Access OFDM Networks "Arquitecturas y Nuevas Funcionalidades para Redes OFDM de Acceso Óptico" [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/15076Palanci

Transmission of OFDM wired-wireless quintuple-play services along WDM LR-PONs using centralized broadband impairment compensation

This paper was published in OPTICS EXPRESS and is made available as an electronic reprint with the permission of OSA. The paper can be found at the following URL on the OSA website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.013748 . Systematic or multiple reproduction or distribution to multiple locations via electronic or other means is prohibited and is subject to penalties under law[EN] The simultaneous transmission of four orthogonal frequencydivision multiplexing (OFDM)-based signals used to provide quintuple-play services along wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) long-reach passive optical networks (LR-PONs) is demonstrated experimentally. Particularly, the transmission performance of custom signal bearing Gigabit Ethernet data, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, Long Term Evolution and Ultra Wideband (sub-bands 2 and 3) signals is evaluated for different LR-PONs reaches, considering single-wavelength andWDMtransmission, and using a centralized impairment compensation technique at the central office that is transparent to the services provided. It is shown that error vector magnitude-compliant levels are obtained for all the OFDM-based signals in WDM LR-PONs reaching 100 km and that negligible inter-channel crosstalk is obtained for a channel spacing of 100 GHz regardless the OFDM-based signal considered. The successful multi-format OFDM transmission along the 100 km-long WDM LR-PON is achieved in the absence of optical dispersion compensation or single sideband modulation, and it is enabled by the performance improvement provided by the centralized impairment compensation realized. © 2012 Optical Society of America.M. Morant's work was supported by FPU-MEC grant AP2007-01413. This work was also supported in part by the European FIVER-FP7-ICT-2009-4-249142 project and by Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia from Portugal under the TURBO-PTDC/EEA-TEL/104358/2008 project.Alves, T.; Morant Pérez, M.; Cartaxo, A.; Llorente Sáez, R. (2012). Transmission of OFDM wired-wireless quintuple-play services along WDM LR-PONs using centralized broadband impairment compensation. Optics Express. 20(13):13748-13761. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.013748S13748137612013Jia, Z., Yu, J., Ellinas, G., & Chang, G.-K. (2007). Key Enabling Technologies for Optical–Wireless Networks: Optical Millimeter-Wave Generation, Wavelength Reuse, and Architecture. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 25(11), 3452-3471. doi:10.1109/jlt.2007.909201Armstrong, J. (2009). OFDM for Optical Communications. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 27(3), 189-204. doi:10.1109/jlt.2008.2010061Cvijetic, N. (2012). OFDM for Next-Generation Optical Access Networks. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 30(4), 384-398. doi:10.1109/jlt.2011.2166375Shieh, W., & Athaudage, C. (2006). Coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. Electronics Letters, 42(10), 587. doi:10.1049/el:20060561Alves, T., Morant, M., Cartaxo, A., & Llorente, R. (2011). Performance Comparison of OFDM-UWB Radio Signals Distribution in Long-Reach PONs Using Mach-Zehnder and Linearized Modulators. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 29(6), 1311-1320. doi:10.1109/jsac.2011.110618Llorente, R., Alves, T., Morant, M., Beltran, M., Perez, J., Cartaxo, A., & Marti, J. (2008). Ultra-Wideband Radio Signals Distribution in FTTH Networks. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 20(11), 945-947. doi:10.1109/lpt.2008.922329Alves, T., & Cartaxo, A. (2011). Distribution of Double-Sideband OFDM-UWB Radio Signals in Dispersion Compensated Long-Reach PONs. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 29(16), 2467-2474. doi:10.1109/jlt.2011.2160616Chow, C.-W., Yeh, C.-H., Wang, C.-H., Shih, F.-Y., Pan, C.-L., & Chi, S. (2008). WDM extended reach passive optical networks using OFDM-QAM. Optics Express, 16(16), 12096. doi:10.1364/oe.16.012096Tang, J. M., Lane, P. M., & Shore, K. A. (2006). Transmission performance of adaptively modulated optical OFDM signals in multimode fiber links. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 18(1), 205-207. doi:10.1109/lpt.2005.861631Duong, T.-N., Genay, N., Ouzzif, M., Le Masson, J., Charbonnier, B., Chanclou, P., & Simon, J. C. (2009). Adaptive Loading Algorithm Implemented in AMOOFDM for NG-PON System Integrating Cost-Effective and Low-Bandwidth Optical Devices. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 21(12), 790-792. doi:10.1109/lpt.2009.2016978Alves, T., & Cartaxo, A. (2009). Performance Degradation Due to OFDM-UWB Radio Signal Transmission Along Dispersive Single-Mode Fiber. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 21(3), 158-160. doi:10.1109/lpt.2008.200923

Ultra Wideband

Ultra wideband (UWB) has advanced and merged as a technology, and many more people are aware of the potential for this exciting technology. The current UWB field is changing rapidly with new techniques and ideas where several issues are involved in developing the systems. Among UWB system design, the UWB RF transceiver and UWB antenna are the key components. Recently, a considerable amount of researches has been devoted to the development of the UWB RF transceiver and antenna for its enabling high data transmission rates and low power consumption. Our book attempts to present current and emerging trends in-research and development of UWB systems as well as future expectations

Hybrid Satellite-Terrestrial Communication Networks for the Maritime Internet of Things: Key Technologies, Opportunities, and Challenges

With the rapid development of marine activities, there has been an increasing number of maritime mobile terminals, as well as a growing demand for high-speed and ultra-reliable maritime communications to keep them connected. Traditionally, the maritime Internet of Things (IoT) is enabled by maritime satellites. However, satellites are seriously restricted by their high latency and relatively low data rate. As an alternative, shore & island-based base stations (BSs) can be built to extend the coverage of terrestrial networks using fourth-generation (4G), fifth-generation (5G), and beyond 5G services. Unmanned aerial vehicles can also be exploited to serve as aerial maritime BSs. Despite of all these approaches, there are still open issues for an efficient maritime communication network (MCN). For example, due to the complicated electromagnetic propagation environment, the limited geometrically available BS sites, and rigorous service demands from mission-critical applications, conventional communication and networking theories and methods should be tailored for maritime scenarios. Towards this end, we provide a survey on the demand for maritime communications, the state-of-the-art MCNs, and key technologies for enhancing transmission efficiency, extending network coverage, and provisioning maritime-specific services. Future challenges in developing an environment-aware, service-driven, and integrated satellite-air-ground MCN to be smart enough to utilize external auxiliary information, e.g., sea state and atmosphere conditions, are also discussed