19 research outputs found
ํต๊ณ์ ์ฃผํ์ ๊ฒ์ถ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ค ์ฃผํ์๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ง ์๋ ํด๋ก ๋ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ๋ณต์ ํ๋ก์ ์ค๊ณ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ๋ก
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ์ฌ) -- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต๋ํ์ : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋ํ ์ ๊ธฐยท์ ๋ณด๊ณตํ๋ถ, 2022. 8. ์ ๋๊ท .In this thesis, a design of a high-speed, power-efficient, wide-range clock and data recovery (CDR) without a reference clock is proposed. A frequency acquisition scheme using a stochastic frequency detector (SFD) based on the Alexander phase detector (PD) is utilized for the referenceless operation. Pat-tern histogram analysis is presented to analyze the frequency acquisition behavior of the SFD and verified by simulation. Based on the information obtained by pattern histogram analysis, SFD using autocovariance is proposed. With a direct-proportional path and a digital integral path, the proposed referenceless CDR achieves frequency lock at all measurable conditions, and the measured frequency acquisition time is within 7ฮผs. The prototype chip has been fabricated in a 40-nm CMOS process and occupies an active area of 0.032 mm2. The proposed referenceless CDR achieves the BER of less than 10-12 at 32 Gb/s and exhibits an energy efficiency of 1.15 pJ/b at 32 Gb/s with a 1.0 V supply.๋ณธ ๋
ผ๋ฌธ์ ๊ธฐ์ค ํด๋ญ์ด ์๋ ๊ณ ์, ์ ์ ๋ ฅ, ๊ด๋์ญ์ผ๋ก ๋์ํ๋ ํด๋ญ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ๋ณต์ํ๋ก์ ์ค๊ณ๋ฅผ ์ ์ํ๋ค. ๊ธฐ์ค ํด๋ญ์ด ์๋ ๋์์ ์ํด์ ์๋ ์ฐ๋ ์์ ๊ฒ์ถ๊ธฐ์ ๊ธฐ๋ฐํ ํต๊ณ์ ์ฃผํ์ ๊ฒ์ถ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ๋ ์ฃผํ์ ํ๋ ๋ฐฉ์์ด ์ฌ์ฉ๋๋ค. ํต๊ณ์ ์ฃผํ์ ๊ฒ์ถ๊ธฐ์ ์ฃผํ์ ์ถ์ ์์์ ๋ถ์ํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ํจํด ํ์คํ ๊ทธ๋จ ๋ถ์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ๋ก ์ ์ ์ํ์๊ณ ์๋ฎฌ๋ ์ด์
์ ํตํด ๊ฒ์ฆํ์๋ค. ํจํด ํ์คํ ๊ทธ๋จ ๋ถ์์ ํตํด ์ป์ ์ ๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ์ผ๋ก ์๊ธฐ๊ณต๋ถ์ฐ์ ์ด์ฉํ ํต๊ณ์ ์ฃผํ์ ๊ฒ์ถ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ ์ํ๋ค. ์ง์ ๋น๋ก ๊ฒฝ๋ก์ ๋์งํธ ์ ๋ถ ๊ฒฝ๋ก๋ฅผ ํตํด ์ ์๋ ๊ธฐ์ค ํด๋ญ์ด ์๋ ํด๋ญ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ๋ณต์ํ๋ก๋ ๋ชจ๋ ์ธก์ ๊ฐ๋ฅํ ์กฐ๊ฑด์์ ์ฃผํ์ ์ ๊ธ์ ๋ฌ์ฑํ๋ ๋ฐ ์ฑ๊ณตํ์๊ณ , ๋ชจ๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ์์ ์ธก์ ๋ ์ฃผํ์ ์ถ์ ์๊ฐ์ 7ฮผs ์ด๋ด์ด๋ค. 40-nm CMOS ๊ณต์ ์ ์ด์ฉํ์ฌ ๋ง๋ค์ด์ง ์นฉ์ 0.032 mm2์ ๋ฉด์ ์ ์ฐจ์งํ๋ค. ์ ์ํ๋ ํด๋ญ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ๋ณต์ํ๋ก๋ 32 Gb/s์ ์๋์์ ๋นํธ์๋ฌ์จ 10-12 ์ดํ๋ก ๋์ํ์๊ณ , ์๋์ง ํจ์จ์ 32Gb/s์ ์๋์์ 1.0V ๊ณต๊ธ์ ์์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ 1.15 pJ/b์ ๋ฌ์ฑํ์๋ค.CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 MOTIVATION 1
1.2 THESIS ORGANIZATION 13
CHAPTER 2 BACKGROUNDS 14
2.1 CLOCKING ARCHITECTURES IN SERIAL LINK INTERFACE 14
2.2 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR CLOCK AND DATA RECOVERY 24
2.2.1 OVERVIEW 24
2.2.2 JITTER 26
2.2.3 CDR JITTER CHARACTERISTICS 33
2.3 CDR ARCHITECTURES 39
2.3.1 PLL-BASED CDR โ WITH EXTERNAL REFERENCE CLOCK 39
2.3.2 DLL/PI-BASED CDR 44
2.3.3 PLL-BASED CDR โ WITHOUT EXTERNAL REFERENCE CLOCK 47
2.4 FREQUENCY ACQUISITION SCHEME 50
2.4.1 TYPICAL FREQUENCY DETECTORS 50
2.4.1.1 DIGITAL QUADRICORRELATOR FREQUENCY DETECTOR 50
2.4.1.2 ROTATIONAL FREQUENCY DETECTOR 54
2.4.2 PRIOR WORKS 56
CHAPTER 3 DESIGN OF THE REFERENCELESS CDR USING SFD 58
3.1 OVERVIEW 58
3.2 PROPOSED FREQUENCY DETECTOR 62
3.2.1 MOTIVATION 62
3.2.2 PATTERN HISTOGRAM ANALYSIS 68
3.2.3 INTRODUCTION OF AUTOCOVARIANCE TO STOCHASTIC FREQUENCY DETECTOR 75
3.3 CIRCUIT IMPLEMENTATION 83
3.3.1 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROPOSED REFERENCELESS CDR 83
3.3.2 CONTINUOUS-TIME LINEAR EQUALIZER (CTLE) 85
3.3.3 DIGITALLY-CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR (DCO) 87
3.4 MEASUREMENT RESULTS 89
CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSION 99
APPENDIX A DETAILED FREQUENCY ACQUISITION WAVEFORMS OF THE PROPOSED SFD 100
BIBLIOGRAPHY 108
์ด ๋ก 122๋ฐ
The International Linear Collider Technical Design Report - Volume 4: Detectors
The International Linear Collider Technical Design Report (TDR) describes in
four volumes the physics case and the design of a 500 GeV centre-of-mass energy
linear electron-positron collider based on superconducting radio-frequency
technology using Niobium cavities as the accelerating structures. The
accelerator can be extended to 1 TeV and also run as a Higgs factory at around
250 GeV and on the Z0 pole. A comprehensive value estimate of the accelerator
is give, together with associated uncertainties. It is shown that no
significant technical issues remain to be solved. Once a site is selected and
the necessary site-dependent engineering is carried out, construction can begin
immediately. The TDR also gives baseline documentation for two high-performance
detectors that can share the ILC luminosity by being moved into and out of the
beam line in a "push-pull" configuration. These detectors, ILD and SiD, are
described in detail. They form the basis for a world-class experimental
programme that promises to increase significantly our understanding of the
fundamental processes that govern the evolution of the Universe.Comment: See also http://www.linearcollider.org/ILC/TDR . The full list of
signatories is inside the Repor
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ESARDA 37th Annual Meeting Proceedings
The 37th ESARDA symposium on Safeguards and Nuclear Non-Proliferation was held in Manchester, United Kingdom from 19-21 May, 2015. The Symposium has been preceded by meetings of the ESARDA Working Groups on 18 May 2015. The event has once again been an opportunity for research organisations, safeguards authorities and nuclear plant operators to exchange information on new aspects of international safeguards and non-proliferation, as well as recent developments in nuclear safeguards and non-proliferation related research activities and their implications for the safeguards community.
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Review of particle physics
The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,062 new measurements from 721 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 117 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including those on Pentaquarks and Inflation. The complete Review is published online in a journal and on the website of the Particle Data Group (http://pdg.lbl.gov). The printed PDG Book contains the Summary Tables and all review articles but no longer includes the detailed tables from the Particle Listings. A Booklet with the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the review articles is also available
Review of Particle Physics
The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,062
new measurements from 721 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the
recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical
particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and
search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics
such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter,
Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 117 reviews are many that are new
or heavily revised, including new reviews on Pentaquarks and Inflation.
The complete Review is published online in a journal and on the website of the Particle Data Group
(http://pdg.lbl.gov). The printed PDG Book contains the Summary Tables and all review articles but no longer
includes the detailed tables from the Particle Listings. A Booklet with the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions
of some of the review articles is also available.The publication of the Review of Particle Physics is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics of the
U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DEโAC02โ05CH11231; by the European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN); by an
implementing arrangement between the governments of Japan (MEXT: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) and
the United States (DOE) on cooperative research and development; by the Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; and
by the Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN).The authors are grateful to Vincent Vennin for his careful reading
of this manuscript and preparing Fig. 23.3 for this review. The work
of J.E. was supported in part by the London Centre for Terauniverse
Studies (LCTS), using funding from the European Research Council
via the Advanced Investigator Grant 267352 and from the UK
STFC via the research grant ST/L000326/1. The work of D.W. was
supported in part by the UK STFC research grant ST/K00090X/1