19 research outputs found

    ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํด๋ก ๋ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ณต์› ํšŒ๋กœ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก 

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ „๊ธฐยท์ •๋ณด๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2022. 8. ์ •๋•๊ท .In this thesis, a design of a high-speed, power-efficient, wide-range clock and data recovery (CDR) without a reference clock is proposed. A frequency acquisition scheme using a stochastic frequency detector (SFD) based on the Alexander phase detector (PD) is utilized for the referenceless operation. Pat-tern histogram analysis is presented to analyze the frequency acquisition behavior of the SFD and verified by simulation. Based on the information obtained by pattern histogram analysis, SFD using autocovariance is proposed. With a direct-proportional path and a digital integral path, the proposed referenceless CDR achieves frequency lock at all measurable conditions, and the measured frequency acquisition time is within 7ฮผs. The prototype chip has been fabricated in a 40-nm CMOS process and occupies an active area of 0.032 mm2. The proposed referenceless CDR achieves the BER of less than 10-12 at 32 Gb/s and exhibits an energy efficiency of 1.15 pJ/b at 32 Gb/s with a 1.0 V supply.๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ํด๋Ÿญ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ณ ์†, ์ €์ „๋ ฅ, ๊ด‘๋Œ€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ํด๋Ÿญ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ณต์›ํšŒ๋กœ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์ค€ ํด๋Ÿญ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋™์ž‘์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์•Œ๋ ‰์‚ฐ๋” ์œ„์ƒ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๊ธฐ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ํš๋“ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ถ”์  ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํŒจํ„ด ํžˆ์Šคํ† ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŒจํ„ด ํžˆ์Šคํ† ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ณต๋ถ„์‚ฐ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ง์ ‘ ๋น„๋ก€ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์™€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ ๋ถ„ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ํด๋Ÿญ์ด ์—†๋Š” ํด๋Ÿญ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ณต์›ํšŒ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ธก์ • ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ž ๊ธˆ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—์„œ ์ธก์ •๋œ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ถ”์  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ 7ฮผs ์ด๋‚ด์ด๋‹ค. 40-nm CMOS ๊ณต์ •์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ์นฉ์€ 0.032 mm2์˜ ๋ฉด์ ์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ํด๋Ÿญ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ณต์›ํšŒ๋กœ๋Š” 32 Gb/s์˜ ์†๋„์—์„œ ๋น„ํŠธ์—๋Ÿฌ์œจ 10-12 ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํšจ์œจ์€ 32Gb/s์˜ ์†๋„์—์„œ 1.0V ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ „์••์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 1.15 pJ/b์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 MOTIVATION 1 1.2 THESIS ORGANIZATION 13 CHAPTER 2 BACKGROUNDS 14 2.1 CLOCKING ARCHITECTURES IN SERIAL LINK INTERFACE 14 2.2 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR CLOCK AND DATA RECOVERY 24 2.2.1 OVERVIEW 24 2.2.2 JITTER 26 2.2.3 CDR JITTER CHARACTERISTICS 33 2.3 CDR ARCHITECTURES 39 2.3.1 PLL-BASED CDR โ€“ WITH EXTERNAL REFERENCE CLOCK 39 2.3.2 DLL/PI-BASED CDR 44 2.3.3 PLL-BASED CDR โ€“ WITHOUT EXTERNAL REFERENCE CLOCK 47 2.4 FREQUENCY ACQUISITION SCHEME 50 2.4.1 TYPICAL FREQUENCY DETECTORS 50 2.4.1.1 DIGITAL QUADRICORRELATOR FREQUENCY DETECTOR 50 2.4.1.2 ROTATIONAL FREQUENCY DETECTOR 54 2.4.2 PRIOR WORKS 56 CHAPTER 3 DESIGN OF THE REFERENCELESS CDR USING SFD 58 3.1 OVERVIEW 58 3.2 PROPOSED FREQUENCY DETECTOR 62 3.2.1 MOTIVATION 62 3.2.2 PATTERN HISTOGRAM ANALYSIS 68 3.2.3 INTRODUCTION OF AUTOCOVARIANCE TO STOCHASTIC FREQUENCY DETECTOR 75 3.3 CIRCUIT IMPLEMENTATION 83 3.3.1 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROPOSED REFERENCELESS CDR 83 3.3.2 CONTINUOUS-TIME LINEAR EQUALIZER (CTLE) 85 3.3.3 DIGITALLY-CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR (DCO) 87 3.4 MEASUREMENT RESULTS 89 CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSION 99 APPENDIX A DETAILED FREQUENCY ACQUISITION WAVEFORMS OF THE PROPOSED SFD 100 BIBLIOGRAPHY 108 ์ดˆ ๋ก 122๋ฐ•

    The International Linear Collider Technical Design Report - Volume 4: Detectors

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    The International Linear Collider Technical Design Report (TDR) describes in four volumes the physics case and the design of a 500 GeV centre-of-mass energy linear electron-positron collider based on superconducting radio-frequency technology using Niobium cavities as the accelerating structures. The accelerator can be extended to 1 TeV and also run as a Higgs factory at around 250 GeV and on the Z0 pole. A comprehensive value estimate of the accelerator is give, together with associated uncertainties. It is shown that no significant technical issues remain to be solved. Once a site is selected and the necessary site-dependent engineering is carried out, construction can begin immediately. The TDR also gives baseline documentation for two high-performance detectors that can share the ILC luminosity by being moved into and out of the beam line in a "push-pull" configuration. These detectors, ILD and SiD, are described in detail. They form the basis for a world-class experimental programme that promises to increase significantly our understanding of the fundamental processes that govern the evolution of the Universe.Comment: See also http://www.linearcollider.org/ILC/TDR . The full list of signatories is inside the Repor

    GSI Scientific Report 2011 [GSI Report 2012-1]

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    14th International Conference on RF Superconductivity

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    ESARDA 37th Annual Meeting Proceedings

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    The 37th ESARDA symposium on Safeguards and Nuclear Non-Proliferation was held in Manchester, United Kingdom from 19-21 May, 2015. The Symposium has been preceded by meetings of the ESARDA Working Groups on 18 May 2015. The event has once again been an opportunity for research organisations, safeguards authorities and nuclear plant operators to exchange information on new aspects of international safeguards and non-proliferation, as well as recent developments in nuclear safeguards and non-proliferation related research activities and their implications for the safeguards community. The Proceedings contains the papers (118) submitted according to deadlines.JRC.E.8-Nuclear securit

    Review of particle physics

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    The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,062 new measurements from 721 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 117 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including those on Pentaquarks and Inflation. The complete Review is published online in a journal and on the website of the Particle Data Group (http://pdg.lbl.gov). The printed PDG Book contains the Summary Tables and all review articles but no longer includes the detailed tables from the Particle Listings. A Booklet with the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the review articles is also available

    Review of Particle Physics

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    The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,062 new measurements from 721 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 117 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including new reviews on Pentaquarks and Inflation. The complete Review is published online in a journal and on the website of the Particle Data Group (http://pdg.lbl.gov). The printed PDG Book contains the Summary Tables and all review articles but no longer includes the detailed tables from the Particle Listings. A Booklet with the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the review articles is also available.The publication of the Review of Particle Physics is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DEโ€“AC02โ€“05CH11231; by the European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN); by an implementing arrangement between the governments of Japan (MEXT: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) and the United States (DOE) on cooperative research and development; by the Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; and by the Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN).The authors are grateful to Vincent Vennin for his careful reading of this manuscript and preparing Fig. 23.3 for this review. The work of J.E. was supported in part by the London Centre for Terauniverse Studies (LCTS), using funding from the European Research Council via the Advanced Investigator Grant 267352 and from the UK STFC via the research grant ST/L000326/1. The work of D.W. was supported in part by the UK STFC research grant ST/K00090X/1
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