1,251 research outputs found
Elderly Assist Robot
This project aimed to create a robot capable of assisting elderly people with tasks in their everyday lives. The project focused on the design, simulation, and the implementation of a mobile robotic base with an attached robotic arm. The project culminated in a prototype robot capable of performing basic chassis and arm control which can be used as a platform for future development
Location-Enabled IoT (LE-IoT): A Survey of Positioning Techniques, Error Sources, and Mitigation
The Internet of Things (IoT) has started to empower the future of many
industrial and mass-market applications. Localization techniques are becoming
key to add location context to IoT data without human perception and
intervention. Meanwhile, the newly-emerged Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN)
technologies have advantages such as long-range, low power consumption, low
cost, massive connections, and the capability for communication in both indoor
and outdoor areas. These features make LPWAN signals strong candidates for
mass-market localization applications. However, there are various error sources
that have limited localization performance by using such IoT signals. This
paper reviews the IoT localization system through the following sequence: IoT
localization system review -- localization data sources -- localization
algorithms -- localization error sources and mitigation -- localization
performance evaluation. Compared to the related surveys, this paper has a more
comprehensive and state-of-the-art review on IoT localization methods, an
original review on IoT localization error sources and mitigation, an original
review on IoT localization performance evaluation, and a more comprehensive
review of IoT localization applications, opportunities, and challenges. Thus,
this survey provides comprehensive guidance for peers who are interested in
enabling localization ability in the existing IoT systems, using IoT systems
for localization, or integrating IoT signals with the existing localization
sensors
An FPGA Acceleration and Optimization Techniques for 2D LiDAR SLAM Algorithm
An efficient hardware implementation for Simultaneous Localization and
Mapping (SLAM) methods is of necessity for mobile autonomous robots with
limited computational resources. In this paper, we propose a resource-efficient
FPGA implementation for accelerating scan matching computations, which
typically cause a major bottleneck in 2D LiDAR SLAM methods. Scan matching is a
process of correcting a robot pose by aligning the latest LiDAR measurements
with an occupancy grid map, which encodes the information about the surrounding
environment. We exploit an inherent parallelism in the Rao-Blackwellized
Particle Filter (RBPF) based algorithms to perform scan matching computations
for multiple particles in parallel. In the proposed design, several techniques
are employed to reduce the resource utilization and to achieve the maximum
throughput. Experimental results using the benchmark datasets show that the
scan matching is accelerated by 5.31-8.75x and the overall throughput is
improved by 3.72-5.10x without seriously degrading the quality of the final
outputs. Furthermore, our proposed IP core requires only 44% of the total
resources available in the TUL Pynq-Z2 FPGA board, thus facilitating the
realization of SLAM applications on indoor mobile robots
Automated Bridge Inspection for Concrete Surface Defect Detection Using Deep Neural Network Based on LiDAR Scanning
Structural inspection and maintenance of bridges are essential to improve the safety and sustainability of the infrastructure systems. Visual inspection using non-equipped eyes is the principal method of detecting surface defects of bridges, which is time-consuming, unsafe, and encounters inspectors falling risks. Therefore, there is a need for automated bridge inspection. Recently, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) scanners are used for detecting surface defects. LiDAR scanners can collect high-quality 3D point cloud datasets. In order to automate the process of structural inspection, it is important to collect proper datasets and use an efficient approach to analyze them and find the defects. Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have been recently used for detecting 3D objects within 3D point clouds. PointNet and PointNet++ are deep neural networks for classification, part segmentation, and semantic segmentation of point clouds that are modified and adapted in this work to detect surface concrete defects. The research contributions are: (1) Designing a LiDAR-equipped UAV platform for structural inspection using an affordable 2D scanner for data collection, and (2) Proposing a method for detecting concrete surface defects using deep neural networks based on LiDAR generated point clouds. Training and testing datasets are collected from four concrete bridges in Montréal and annotated manually. The point cloud dataset prepared in five areas, which contain more than 51 million points and 2,572 annotated defects in four classes of crack, light spalling, medium spalling, and severe spalling. The accuracies of 75% (adapted PointNet) and 79% (adapted PointNet++) in detecting defects are achieved in binary semantic segmentation
Cooperative localization for mobile agents: a recursive decentralized algorithm based on Kalman filter decoupling
We consider cooperative localization technique for mobile agents with
communication and computation capabilities. We start by provide and overview of
different decentralization strategies in the literature, with special focus on
how these algorithms maintain an account of intrinsic correlations between
state estimate of team members. Then, we present a novel decentralized
cooperative localization algorithm that is a decentralized implementation of a
centralized Extended Kalman Filter for cooperative localization. In this
algorithm, instead of propagating cross-covariance terms, each agent propagates
new intermediate local variables that can be used in an update stage to create
the required propagated cross-covariance terms. Whenever there is a relative
measurement in the network, the algorithm declares the agent making this
measurement as the interim master. By acquiring information from the interim
landmark, the agent the relative measurement is taken from, the interim master
can calculate and broadcast a set of intermediate variables which each robot
can then use to update its estimates to match that of a centralized Extended
Kalman Filter for cooperative localization. Once an update is done, no further
communication is needed until the next relative measurement
Robust and affordable localization and mapping for 3D reconstruction. Application to architecture and construction
La localización y mapeado simultáneo a partir de una sola cámara en movimiento se conoce como Monocular
SLAM. En esta tesis se aborda este problema con cámaras de bajo coste cuyo principal reto consiste en ser
robustos al ruido, blurring y otros artefactos que afectan a la imagen. La aproximación al problema es discreta,
utilizando solo puntos de la imagen significativos para localizar la cámara y mapear el entorno. La principal
contribución es una simplificación del grafo de poses que permite mejorar la precisión en las escenas más
habituales, evaluada de forma exhaustiva en 4 datasets. Los resultados del mapeado permiten obtener una
reconstrucción 3D de la escena que puede ser utilizada en arquitectura y construcción para Modelar la Información
del Edificio (BIM). En la segunda parte de la tesis proponemos incorporar dicha información en un sistema de
visualización avanzada usando WebGL que ayude a simplificar la implantación de la metodología BIM.Departamento de Informática (Arquitectura y Tecnología de Computadores, Ciencias de la Computación e Inteligencia Artificial, Lenguajes y Sistemas Informáticos)Doctorado en Informátic
Autonomous 3D mapping and surveillance of mines with MAVs
A dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the
Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, for the degree of Master of Science.
12 July 2017.The mapping of mines, both operational and abandoned, is a long, di cult and occasionally
dangerous task especially in the latter case. Recent developments in active and passive consumer
grade sensors, as well as quadcopter drones present the opportunity to automate these
challenging tasks providing cost and safety bene ts. The goal of this research is to develop an
autonomous vision-based mapping system that employs quadrotor drones to explore and map
sections of mine tunnels. The system is equipped with inexpensive, structured light, depth cameras
in place of traditional laser scanners, making the quadrotor setup more viable to produce in
bulk. A modi ed version of Microsoft's Kinect Fusion algorithm is used to construct 3D point
clouds in real-time as the agents traverse the scene. Finally, the generated and merged point
clouds from the system are compared with those produced by current Lidar scanners.LG201
Development of an AGV robot based on ROS for disinfection in clinical environments
Treballs Finals de Grau d'Enginyeria Biomèdica. Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut. Universitat de Barcelona. Curs: 2020-2021. Directors: Llorenç Servera i Manel PuigThe aim of this project was to develop a final degree project in the field of biomedical engineering that consisted in an AGV prototype for disinfection tasks inside a hospital or clinical environment. There were different parts inside the project, and the one reported in this documentation refers to the mobility of the robot using ROS (Robot Operating System) to develop nodes to make the robot move as an holonomic robot. An holonomic robot refers to systems with capabilities to slide directly sideways, which is very useful for complex spaces, as it can reach the objectives easier.
Simulations were done in order to verify the code was working and once they were proved to be successful, the code was implemented into a small prototype for testing, whose characteristics and components are specified in this report. This was a complex step as several errors were reported, which caused a delay in the last activities, making it not possible to achieve implementing SLAM routines for mapping and trajectory planning.
The other parts of the project consisted in designing and building a bigger prototype with air quality and ozone sensors and the development of the code for the sensors. These two parts were developed by two other engineering students
DOES: A Deep Learning-based approach to estimate roll and pitch at sea
The use of Attitude and Heading Reference Systems (AHRS) for orientation estimation is now common practice in a wide range of applications, e.g., robotics and human motion tracking, aerial vehicles and aerospace, gaming and virtual reality, indoor pedestrian navigation and maritime navigation. The integration of the high-rate measurements can provide very accurate estimates, but these can suffer from errors accumulation due to the sensors drift over longer time scales. To overcome this issue, inertial sensors are typically combined with additional sensors and techniques. As an example, camera-based solutions have drawn a large attention by the community, thanks to their low-costs and easy hardware setup; moreover, impressive results have been demonstrated in the context of Deep Learning. This work presents the preliminary results obtained by DOES, a supportive Deep Learning method specifically designed for maritime navigation, which aims at improving the roll and pitch estimations obtained by common AHRS. DOES recovers these estimations through the analysis of the frames acquired by a low-cost camera pointing the horizon at sea. The training has been performed on the novel ROPIS dataset, presented in the context of this work, acquired using the FrameWO application developed for the scope. Promising results encourage to test other network backbones and to further expand the dataset, improving the accuracy of the results and the range of applications of the method as a valid support to visual-based odometry techniques
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