Comparative evaluation of effects of two chemically different mouth rinses on the colour stability and surface topography of three esthetic veneering materials: An In Vitro study

This In-vitro study was done to comparatively evaluate the effects of two chemically different mouth rinses on the color stability and surface topography of three esthetic veneering materials. A total of 63 resin patterns were fabricated using custom metallic mold, invested and cast in nickel chromium alloy. The metal substructure thus obtained were finished, sandblasted and divided into three groups with 21 samples for each veneering material tested. The three veneering material tested include, Group-I (ceramic veneering material), Group-II (ceramic repair composite material) and Group-III (indirect composite resin material). Vita lumin A3shade was used as a common shade for the three veneering materials tested. All the test samples were immersed in artificial saliva and used as control for the study. One sample from each veneering material test group was selected and subjected to SEM analysis and subsequently not used for further study. The remaining 20 samples from each group were subjected to spectrophotometric study and further divided into two subgroups, with each subgroup consisting of 10 samples and immersed in fluoride and non-fluoride mouth rinses used in the study. These samples were then analyzed for color change using fiber-optic spectrophotometer and CIEL*a*b* specification system, which were then subjected to surface texture analysis. The result obtained were tabulated and statistically analyzed. The results obtained from the present study indicates that on comparative evaluation, the effect of two chemically different mouth rinses on color stability of three esthetic veneering materials does not show any statistically significant color change. On comparison among the three veneering materials tested, there was no statistically significant color change after immersion in fluoride mouth rinse. However in non fluoride mouth rinse, the ceramic veneering material (Group I c) exhibited statistically significantly higher color changes, when compared to ceramic repair (Group II c) and indirect composite (Group III c). On comparison of ceramic repair with indirect composite resin material in non-fluoride mouth rinse, there was no statistical significance. Qualitatively evaluation of surface topography of all the test samples were assessed under (1000x) with scanning electron microscopy. Ceramic repair composite test sample showed maximum surface irregularities followed by indirect composite resin and least surface irregularities with ceramic veneering material after immersion in artificial saliva. On immersion in fluoride mouth rinse, all the test samples showed marked surface disruption compared to samples immersed in non-fluoride mouth rinse. However, color changes observed were similar irrespective of mouth rinses used. The choice of mouth rinses for controlling oral diseases, should not only based on the efficacy of the mouth rinse, but also on its surface interaction with the restoration in the oral cavity. Further studies simulating oral environment should be conducted to evaluate the effects of various mouth rinses on different veneering materials

Environmentally friendly anti-icing

The present invention describes an aqueous, non-electrolytic, non-toxic, biodegradable, continuous single phase liquid anti-icing or deicing composition for use on the surfaces of, for example, aircraft, airport pavements, roadways, walkways, bridges, entrances, structures, canals, locks, components, vessels, nautical components, railroad switches, and motor vehicles. The anti-icing or deicing composition comprises: (a) water; (b) a non-toxic freezing point depressant selected from the group consisting of monohydric alcohols having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, polyhydric alcohols having from 3 to 12 carbon atoms, monomethyl or ethyl ethers of polyhydric alcohols having from 3 to 12 atoms or mixtures thereof, wherein the freezing point depressant present is between about 14 to 60 percent by weight; (c) a thickener which is present in between about 0.01 and 10 percent by weight; and (d) optionally a corrosion inhibitor which is present in between about 0.01 and 0.1 percent by weight of the total composition. In one embodiment, the deicing composition further includes (e) a monohydric primary aliphatic unbranched alcohol as a means of forming a thin layer of the composition on the surface of the structure to be given ice protection, and/or as means of forming a homogenized foam with xanthan thickener; which alcohol is selected from the group consisting of alcohols having between 8 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably, 1-dodecanol. Compositions of water, propylene glycol, and/or propanol and xanthan are preferred

1987-1989 Catalog

https://digitalcommons.sacredheart.edu/g_cat/1057/thumbnail.jp

1989-1991 Undergraduate Catalog

https://digitalcommons.sacredheart.edu/g_cat/1058/thumbnail.jp

Francis Marion University catalog 2016-2017 

Francis Marion University annually publishes a catalog with information about the university, student life, undergraduate and graduate academic programs, and faculty and staff listings

Francis Marion University catalog 2018-2019

Francis Marion University annually publishes a catalog with information about the university, student life, undergraduate and graduate academic programs, and faculty and staff listings

Graduate Catalog 1988-90

Bowling Green State University Graduate catalog for 1988-1990.https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/catalogs/1034/thumbnail.jp

Book of abstracts of the 10th International Chemical and Biological Engineering Conference: CHEMPOR 2008

This book contains the extended abstracts presented at the 10th International Chemical and Biological Engineering Conference - CHEMPOR 2008, held in Braga, Portugal, over 3 days, from the 4th to the 6th of September, 2008. Previous editions took place in Lisboa (1975, 1889, 1998), Braga (1978), Póvoa de Varzim (1981), Coimbra (1985, 2005), Porto (1993), and Aveiro (2001). The conference was jointly organized by the University of Minho, “Ordem dos Engenheiros”, and the IBB - Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering with the usual support of the “Sociedade Portuguesa de Química” and, by the first time, of the “Sociedade Portuguesa de Biotecnologia”. Thirty years elapsed since CHEMPOR was held at the University of Minho, organized by T.R. Bott, D. Allen, A. Bridgwater, J.J.B. Romero, L.J.S. Soares and J.D.R.S. Pinheiro. We are fortunate to have Profs. Bott, Soares and Pinheiro in the Honor Committee of this 10th edition, under the high Patronage of his Excellency the President of the Portuguese Republic, Prof. Aníbal Cavaco Silva. The opening ceremony will confer Prof. Bott with a “Long Term Achievement” award acknowledging the important contribution Prof. Bott brought along more than 30 years to the development of the Chemical Engineering science, to the launch of CHEMPOR series and specially to the University of Minho. Prof. Bott’s inaugural lecture will address the importance of effective energy management in processing operations, particularly in the effectiveness of heat recovery and the associated reduction in greenhouse gas emission from combustion processes. The CHEMPOR series traditionally brings together both young and established researchers and end users to discuss recent developments in different areas of Chemical Engineering. The scope of this edition is broadening out by including the Biological Engineering research. One of the major core areas of the conference program is life quality, due to the importance that Chemical and Biological Engineering plays in this area. “Integration of Life Sciences & Engineering” and “Sustainable Process-Product Development through Green Chemistry” are two of the leading themes with papers addressing such important issues. This is complemented with additional leading themes including “Advancing the Chemical and Biological Engineering Fundamentals”, “Multi-Scale and/or Multi-Disciplinary Approach to Process-Product Innovation”, “Systematic Methods and Tools for Managing the Complexity”, and “Educating Chemical and Biological Engineers for Coming Challenges” which define the extended abstracts arrangements along this book. A total of 516 extended abstracts are included in the book, consisting of 7 invited lecturers, 15 keynote, 105 short oral presentations given in 5 parallel sessions, along with 6 slots for viewing 389 poster presentations. Full papers are jointly included in the companion Proceedings in CD-ROM. All papers have been reviewed and we are grateful to the members of scientific and organizing committees for their evaluations. It was an intensive task since 610 submitted abstracts from 45 countries were received. It has been an honor for us to contribute to setting up CHEMPOR 2008 during almost two years. We wish to thank the authors who have contributed to yield a high scientific standard to the program. We are thankful to the sponsors who have contributed decisively to this event. We also extend our gratefulness to all those who, through their dedicated efforts, have assisted us in this task. On behalf of the Scientific and Organizing Committees we wish you that together with an interesting reading, the scientific program and the social moments organized will be memorable for all.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT