12,345 research outputs found
Relational Particle Models. II. Use as toy models for quantum geometrodynamics
Relational particle models are employed as toy models for the study of the
Problem of Time in quantum geometrodynamics. These models' analogue of the thin
sandwich is resolved. It is argued that the relative configuration space and
shape space of these models are close analogues from various perspectives of
superspace and conformal superspace respectively. The geometry of these spaces
and quantization thereupon is presented. A quantity that is frozen in the scale
invariant relational particle model is demonstrated to be an internal time in a
certain portion of the relational particle reformulation of Newtonian
mechanics. The semiclassical approach for these models is studied as an
emergent time resolution for these models, as are consistent records
approaches.Comment: Replaced with published version. Minor changes only; 1 reference
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Contextualizing concepts using a mathematical generalization of the quantum formalism
We outline the rationale and preliminary results of using the State Context
Property (SCOP) formalism, originally developed as
a generalization of quantum mechanics, to describe the contextual manner in
which concepts are evoked, used, and combined to
generate meaning. The quantum formalism was developed to cope with problems
arising in the description of (1) the measurement
process, and (2) the generation of new states with new properties when
particles become entangled. Similar problems arising
with concepts motivated the formal treatment introduced here. Concepts are
viewed not as fixed representations, but entities
existing in states of potentiality that require interaction with a
context---a stimulus or another concept---to `collapse' to
observable form as an exemplar, prototype, or other (possibly imaginary)
instance. The stimulus situation plays the role of
the measurement in physics, acting as context that induces a change of the
cognitive state from
superposition state to collapsed state. The collapsed state is
more likely to consist of a conjunction of
concepts for associative than analytic thought because more stimulus or
concept properties take part in the
collapse. We provide two contextual measures of conceptual distance---one
using collapse probabilities and the other weighted
properties---and show how they can be applied to conjunctions using the pet
fish problem
Sensitivity analysis in a scoping review on police accountability : assessing the feasibility of reporting criteria in mixed studies reviews
In this paper, we report on the findings of a sensitivity analysis that was carried out within a previously conducted scoping review, hoping to contribute to the ongoing debate about how to assess the quality of research in mixed methods reviews. Previous sensitivity analyses mainly concluded that the exclusion of inadequately reported or lower quality studies did not have a significant effect on the results of the synthesis. In this study, we conducted a sensitivity analysis on the basis of reporting criteria with the aims of analysing its impact on the synthesis results and assessing its feasibility. Contrary to some previous studies, our analysis showed that the exclusion of inadequately reported studies had an impact on the results of the thematic synthesis. Initially, we also sought to propose a refinement of reporting criteria based on the literature and our own experiences. In this way, we aimed to facilitate the assessment of reporting criteria and enhance its consistency. However, based on the results of our sensitivity analysis, we opted not to make such a refinement since many publications included in this analysis did not sufficiently report on the methodology. As such, a refinement would not be useful considering that researchers would be unable to assess these (sub-)criteria
The impacts of Triple-A supply chain on supply chain performance in Ethiopian textile share company
Purpose: This work aimed to investigate the impact of triple-A supply chain (SC) on SC performance in Bahir Dar & Kombolcha textile Share Company, Ethiopia.
Research Methodology: The study used survey questionnaires as a data collection instrument. Statistical package for social science to purify measurement items & Partial least square structural equation model used to test whether SC agility, SC adaptability, and SC alignment have individual or joint effects on SC performance.
Results: The finding indicates that SC adaptability, SC alignment, and SC agility have a significant effect on SC performance. The result also indicates that the joint triple-A SC had a strong impact on SC performance.
Limitations: The study focused on two Ethiopian textile share companies and it does not include other companies in the country.
Contribution: This study allows us to understand the joint triple-A SC, SC agility, adaptability, and SC alignment-SC performance relationships at a dimensional level and helps to develop a comprehensive research model
The role of instructions and intention in learning
This thesis investigates how manipulating intention to learn (learning orientation) through verbal instructions affects learning in a range of putatively associative and implicit tasks. Within three different paradigms, learning orientation was manipulated so that learning was either incidental to, or aligned with (i.e. intentional) the aims of the task. The first series of experiments investigated sequence learning, as measured in the serial reaction time task. Sequence learning was found to result reliably under incidental conditions and was selectively improved by instructions promoting discovery of a relational rule describing a set of probabilistic contingencies. The second series of experiments used the prototype distortion task, where it has been claimed that implicit learning of a category of prototype-centered stimuli can occur automatically as a result of exposure. Using a visual search task as a means of incidental exposure, equivocal evidence for the implicit status of learning in the prototype distortion task was found, and instructions directing participants to memorize the stimuli resulted in greater evidence of learning the similarity structure of the category. Finally, the third series of experiments assessed generalization along stimulus dimensions following a difficult discrimination task. Instructions directing attention to a particular stimulus dimension promoted rule-based generalization and facilitated a dissociation in the pattern of generalization obtained as a result of reducing rule applicability on test. The results suggest that human learning is highly susceptible to learning orientation, which has implications for the way implicit learning should be viewed as a psychological construct. Theories of learning, whether single- or dual-process, need to better account for this seemingly pervasive role of learning orientation
An examination of the psychometrics of the cognitive fusion questionnaire and its relationship to other constructs
More than one billion humans currently suffer from one or more mental health difficulties, the leading cause of disability in the world. Psychotherapy is well-established as efficacious and cost effective in the treatment of mental health difficulties, particularly the widely-used family of cognitive behavioral therapies (CBT). The most prominent, new CBTâacceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)âhas shown efficacy equal to or better than traditional CBT across a range of such difficulties. ACTâs novel approach to language, defusion (the opposite of fusion), can help improve mental health by changing oneâs relationship with their thoughts. Efforts to better understand this mechanism of ACT has been hampered by the absence of a robust fusion measure until recently, with the creation of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ). The present study sought to confirm the psychometrics of the CFQ with a large adult undergraduate student sample from the U.S. and to further expand our empirical understanding of the relationship between fusion and other important clinical constructs. Results showed that the CFQ exhibited strong internal consistency reliability; a unidimensional factor structure; and construct, concurrent criterion, and incremental validity in relation to a number of other important clinical scales as predicted. However, the results also showed that the factor structure of the CFQ was shared with the predominant measure of the central ACT construct of psychological flexibility, implying the two are measuring the same underlying construct. These results, limitations of the present study and the CFQ, and future research directions are discussed
Co-creative pricing (CCP) : a conceptual development of consumersâ participation in pricing practicing in services
Keskustelu yhteisestÀ arvonluonnista on saavuttanut yhÀ laajempaa huomiota niin nykypÀivÀn tieteellisteoreettisessa markkinointikirjallisuudessa kuin kÀytÀnnössÀ. Suosiosta huolimatta keskustelusta on jÀÀnyt miltei tyystin huomioimatta arvokÀsitteen erÀs varsin oleellinen ulottuvuus: hinta. SiitÀ syystÀ on ensiarvoisen tÀrkeÀÀ tutkia hinnan merkitys arvokÀsitteen, yhdessÀ tuottamisen ja hinnan muodostamassa suhteiden kolmiossa, sillÀ vaihdannassa hinta on yksi arvonmuodostuksen tÀrkeimmistÀ osatekijöistÀ.
Toissijaisia tutkimusmenetelmiÀ kÀyttÀen, tÀmÀn tutkimuksen tarkoitus on pyrkiÀ kÀsitteellistÀmÀÀn yhteinen hinnanluonti arvon lisÀÀjÀnÀ. NiinikÀÀn tutkimus tarjoaa mallinnuksen niistÀ vallitsevista olosuhteista, jotka ovat arvon muodostuksessa vÀlttÀmÀttömiÀ. Esitetty malli perustaa juurensa palvelumarkkinoinnin Service-Dominant Logic -ajattelusta, muodostaen fuusion yhdessÀ ARA-mallin ja markkinointikeskustelussa vallalla olevan elÀmysmarkkinointiajattelun kanssa.
Tutkimus edistÀÀ yhteisen arvonluonnin tieteellistÀ keskustelua syventÀmÀllÀ jo olemassa olevaa tietoa arvon muodostuksesta. LisÀksi, tutkimus edistÀÀ kÀytÀnnön tietÀmystÀ esittÀmÀllÀ eksploratiivisen avauksen hinnoittelun dynaamisesta yhteisajattelusta haastamalla markkinoijia ajattelemaan myös hinnoittelua uudesta innovatiivisesta yhteiseen arvonluontiin perustuvasta nÀkökulmasta. Nykyajan asiakkaat ovat yhÀ halukkaampia, pystyvÀmpiÀ sekÀ resursseiltaan rikkaampia osallistumaan hinnoittelupÀÀtöksiin kuin aikaisemmin.
YhdessÀ tuotettu arvo hinnoittelun kautta tarjoaa vaihtoehtoisen ajattelutavan pitkÀÀn vallinneelle yritysten sisÀÀnpÀin suuntautuneelle hinnoitteluajattelulle ja esittÀÀ, ettÀ kÀÀntÀmÀllÀ katse asiakkaan suuntaan, saavutetaan todellinen arvo, sellaisena kuin asiakas sen mÀÀrittelee. Tutkimuksessa esiin tuotu ajattelutapa tarjoaa uusia mahdollisuuksia vaihtoehtoisille hinnoittelumenetelmille sekÀ palveluinnovaatioille.Co-creation debate has increasingly become a key topic in the contemporary services marketing theory and practice. Domains of co-creation and value have thus far attracted plenty of academic interest, however, there is an evident deficiency of one essential dimension of value: price. In the triangular relation of co-creation, value and price, it is of high importance to research the role of price, as it is one of the prime components contributing to the formation of value in an exchange.
Using secondary research methods, this research works towards a conceptualization of CCP and offers a model of the conditions that need to be in place for value through CCP to occur. The model builds its foundations on Service-Dominant Logic debate. Combined together with the ARA model, and the prevalent thinking of experiential marketing, the work contributes to the academic co-creation literature by adding to the knowledge of value creation. Further, it presents an explorative opening of dynamic pricing thinking for practitioners by challenging the marketers to think their pricing from an innovative co-creation based view.
Co-created pricing offers an alternative logic to inwardly focused value creation of the firm and suggests that by turning the focus on the customer, the true value, as perceived by the customer, is captured. Todayâs customers are increasingly willing, capable and rich in their resources to participate in pricing decisions, thereby offering an opportunity for alternative pricing methods and service innovations
Probabilistic Analogical Mapping with Semantic Relation Networks
The human ability to flexibly reason using analogies with domain-general
content depends on mechanisms for identifying relations between concepts, and
for mapping concepts and their relations across analogs. Building on a recent
model of how semantic relations can be learned from non-relational word
embeddings, we present a new computational model of mapping between two
analogs. The model adopts a Bayesian framework for probabilistic graph
matching, operating on semantic relation networks constructed from distributed
representations of individual concepts and of relations between concepts.
Through comparisons of model predictions with human performance in a novel
mapping task requiring integration of multiple relations, as well as in several
classic studies, we demonstrate that the model accounts for a broad range of
phenomena involving analogical mapping by both adults and children. We also
show the potential for extending the model to deal with analog retrieval. Our
approach demonstrates that human-like analogical mapping can emerge from
comparison mechanisms applied to rich semantic representations of individual
concepts and relations
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