96,204 research outputs found
Following people through time : an analysis of individual residential mobility biographies
Maarten van Ham’s contribution to this research was partly made possible through the financial support of the EU Marie Curie programme under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) / Career Integration Grant n. PCIG10-GA-2011-303728 (CIG Grant NBHCHOICE, Neighbourhood choice, neighbourhood sorting, and neighbourhood effects).The life course framework guides us towards investigating how dynamic life course careers affect residential mobility decision-making and behaviour throughout long periods of individual lifetimes. However, most longitudinal studies linking mobility decision-making to subsequent moving behaviour focus only on year-to-year transitions. This study moves beyond this snapshot approach by analysing the long-term sequencing of moving desires and mobility behaviour within individual lives. Using novel techniques to visualise the desire–mobility sequences of British Household Panel Survey respondents, the study demonstrates that revealing the meanings and significance of particular transitions in moving desires and mobility behaviour requires these transitions to be arranged into mobility biographies. The results highlight the oft-neglected importance of residential stability over the life course, uncovering groups of individuals persistently unable to act in accordance with their moving desires.PostprintPeer reviewe
CARPe Posterum: A Convolutional Approach for Real-time Pedestrian Path Prediction
Pedestrian path prediction is an essential topic in computer vision and video
understanding. Having insight into the movement of pedestrians is crucial for
ensuring safe operation in a variety of applications including autonomous
vehicles, social robots, and environmental monitoring. Current works in this
area utilize complex generative or recurrent methods to capture many possible
futures. However, despite the inherent real-time nature of predicting future
paths, little work has been done to explore accurate and computationally
efficient approaches for this task. To this end, we propose a convolutional
approach for real-time pedestrian path prediction, CARPe. It utilizes a
variation of Graph Isomorphism Networks in combination with an agile
convolutional neural network design to form a fast and accurate path prediction
approach. Notable results in both inference speed and prediction accuracy are
achieved, improving FPS considerably in comparison to current state-of-the-art
methods while delivering competitive accuracy on well-known path prediction
datasets.Comment: AAAI-21 Camera Read
Health, ethics and environment: A qualitative study of vegetarian motivations
This qualitative study explored the motivations of vegetarians by means of online ethnographic research with participants in an international message board. The researcher participated in discussions on the board, gathered responses to questions from 33 participants, and conducted follow-up e-mail interviews with eighteen of these participants. Respondents were predominantly from the US, Canada and the UK. Seventy per cent were female, and ages ranged from 14 to 53, with a median of 26 years. Data were analysed using a thematic approach. While this research found that health and the ethical treatment of animals were the main motivators for participants’ vegetarianism, participants reported a range of commitments to environmental concerns, although in only one case was environmentalism a primary motivator for becoming a vegetarian. The data indicates that vegetarians may follow a trajectory, in which initial motivations are augmented over time by other reasons for sustaining or further restricting their diet
Forecasting People Trajectories and Head Poses by Jointly Reasoning on Tracklets and Vislets
In this work, we explore the correlation between people trajectories and
their head orientations. We argue that people trajectory and head pose
forecasting can be modelled as a joint problem. Recent approaches on trajectory
forecasting leverage short-term trajectories (aka tracklets) of pedestrians to
predict their future paths. In addition, sociological cues, such as expected
destination or pedestrian interaction, are often combined with tracklets. In
this paper, we propose MiXing-LSTM (MX-LSTM) to capture the interplay between
positions and head orientations (vislets) thanks to a joint unconstrained
optimization of full covariance matrices during the LSTM backpropagation. We
additionally exploit the head orientations as a proxy for the visual attention,
when modeling social interactions. MX-LSTM predicts future pedestrians location
and head pose, increasing the standard capabilities of the current approaches
on long-term trajectory forecasting. Compared to the state-of-the-art, our
approach shows better performances on an extensive set of public benchmarks.
MX-LSTM is particularly effective when people move slowly, i.e. the most
challenging scenario for all other models. The proposed approach also allows
for accurate predictions on a longer time horizon.Comment: Accepted at IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE
INTELLIGENCE 2019. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1805.0065
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